جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « car t » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Current therapies for depression are moderately effective, as response and remission rates were reported at 50% and 15-40%, following the first trial with current medications, respectively, and electroconvulsive therapy is not beneficial for more than half of the resistant patients. Recent research suggests that medication with glutamatergic modulatory properties may have antidepressant effects and would be of benefit to refractory patients. This study aims to review the efficacy of these medications in the treatment of unipolar depression. Ketamine, as the leading drug acting through the glutamatergic system, appears to be effective in treating depression IV and orally and in combination with electroconvulsive therapy. There is also clinical evidence of the promising effects of amantadine and lanicemine. Supplements and herbs such as L-carnosine, Crocus sativus (saffron), and Cinnamomum tamala, which were reported to be effective in randomized controlled trials on patients with depression, may act through this system as an antidepressant. Taken together, glutamate receptor modulators are alternative drugs for patients with resistant depression. Further high-quality clinical studies are recommended.

In the profession of car repairmen, incorrect working and sitting positions for a long period are common, which increases the possibility of musculoskeletal disorders and postural abnormalities. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and postural abnormalities with work experience and body mass index (BMI) in car repairmen.

A total of 60 car repairmen with more than 1 year of experience from Tehran Province and Alborz Province, Iran were selected and evaluated. The New York test with photography was used to determine postural abnormalities and the Nordic questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the prevalence and the Spearman test was employed to investigate the relationship between abnormalities and musculoskeletal disorders with work experience and BMI (P≤0.005).

The results showed that forward head posture abnormalities (75%), torticollis (73.3%), and uneven pelvis (66.7%), had respectively the highest prevalence. The lowest prevalence was related to abnormalities of scoliosis and slight chest depression (3.3%). In addition, musculoskeletal disorders in the lumbar area (56.7%) as well as upper back and knee (36.7%) are the most common disorders, and the lowest disorders are related to the ankles (11.7%) in car repairers. A significant relationship was found between work experience and uneven pelvis and forward shoulder abnormalities (P=0.004). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between BMI and the abdomen protruding (P=0.001). A significant relationship was found between work experience and knee pain (P=0.041); however, no significant relationship was found between BMI and any of the musculoskeletal disorders.

According to the results, there is a relationship between BMI and work experience with common musculoskeletal disorders and postural abnormalities in car repairmen. However, no relationship was detected between BMI and musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, it is important to improve the level of awareness in this population group regarding proper posture during and before starting their work.

Various factors are involved in the occurrence and prediction of road traffic crashes (RTCs). The most important of these are human factors that can be influenced by the sociocultural characteristics of the drivers. This research aimed at identifying the socio-cultural factors (SCFs) in car drivers affecting the RTCs.  

In the present study, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Cochran Library, Magiran, Irandoc, Noor magas, Islamic World Science Citation Center, and  Scientific Information Database were searched from 1990 to August 20th, 2021; key journals, the reference lists of the included studies, gray literature, websites of relevant organizations were manually reviewed. Studies that reviewed the effect of SCFs related to car drivers in the incidence or prediction of road traffic crashes were included and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results were expressed based on the PRISMA guideline. The quality of the included studies was assessed using related checklists.  

Eighty-four eligible studies were determined from a systematic search and entered into the analysis process. Studies are presented that SCFs affecting the occurrence of RTCs fall into four categories, including (1) sociodemographic characteristics, (2) personality traits, (3) driver behavior (driving style), (4) driver performance (driving skills).  

In most studies, SCFs have been examined in frames of social-demographic characteristics and risky driving behaviors. While, the impact of personality traits and driver performance, which are very important factors on RTCs, has not been addressed. Therefore, investigating the impact of these factors in occurring RTCs is crucial.

Anyone who owns a vehicle has certainly dealt with a dead battery at least several times in his/her life, however he/she might not know the hidden hazard of explosion of a battery. Therefore it is very important to know proper handling of battery to prevent a battery from exploding. This study is intended to inform people on proper battery handling, causes of an explosion, and how accident investigations can be conducted. To do this, this work will present information that informs people on causes, investigation, and corrective measures in battery use. The main methods used in this work are research, published literatures, and analysis that will aim to create awareness that is easy to understand. This paper will cover causes of battery explosions, techniques used in investigations, and preventative measures. The expected results of this paper are to find multiple reasons why a battery may explode, various techniques used in investigations and find ways that prevent a battery from exploding.

Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) are the important causes of unintentional injuries and deaths. In this respect, seat belt wearing is an influential factor in reducing the mortality and severity of road traffic injuries. The rate of seat belt use among is lower adolescents, compared to adults. The present study aimed to investigate the influential factors on seat belt-weraing behavior among adolescent students as car occupants based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).Study design:  A cross-sectional design.

This study was conducted among 952 adolescent students studying in grades 7, 8, and 9 in the schools of Tabriz, Iran, in the 2019-20 academic year. A researcher-made questionnaire was designed based on TPB for data collection, the validity and reliability of which have been confirmed.

The results indicated that the rate of seat belt use in the front seat inside the city was lower than that outside the city. Regarding TPB constructs, perceived behavioral control (β=0.137; 95% CI: 0.006-0.013; P<0.001), subjective norm (β=0.313; 95% CI: 0.021-0.032; P<0.001), and attitude (β=0.322; 95% CI: 0.034-0.053; P<0.001) had a significant and positive relationship with the intention of seat belt-wearing behavior. Moreover, the behavioral intention (β=0.571; 95% CI: 0.62-0.64; P<0.001) had a significantly positive relationship with seat belt-wearing behavior.

The Theory of Planned Behavior is appropriate to determine predictor factors of seat belt-weraing behavior among adolescent students as car occupants. In addition, the results of the present study may provide a theoretical basis for policy-making to improve adolescent students' seat belt use.

Solid organ transplant recipients are in high demand for developed immune-modulating agents to control allo-immune responses following transplantation. The immunosuppressive agents offer the recipients improved short-term graft survival; nonetheless, this benefit is tempered by unavoidable long-term adverse events of these medications. Active control of allo-response using therapeutic cell transfer has gained much attraction during the last few years. It is widely established that regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune responsiveness to allo-antigens and contribute to the induction of tolerance. Here, it is aimed to review recent results regarding Tregs and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tregs therapy in solid organ transplantation and discuss strategies to overcome technical challenges of developing successful Tregs/CAR Tregs therapy.

The rescue operation is dangerous during floods when the street surface is wet and the rescue vehicles moving fast. Rural roads are known with a high percentage of run-off-the-road crashes and accidents, mostly affected by the unsuitable and inappropriate speed of the car and failure to keep a safe side distance from the highway alignment. Determining the length of the vertical curve and the stopping distance depends on the speed parameter in the geometric design. This parameter depends on the traffic flow and the vehicle driver. 

The calculation of distance visibility, especially in the vertical and horizontal curves, has a significant role in the geometric design of roads and the safety of roads and drivers. This study investigates changes in two critical parameters of friction surface of pavement and vehicles’ speed on the probability of accidents. In the present study, by changing the speed parameter, namely, increasing speed and decreasing friction, and reducing the distance of vision, the required vertical curve is calculated and compared with the existing curve length. Thus, when the curve length does not match the required arch length, the accident’s probability increases. 

One of the study’s findings indicates that with a 5% decrease in the friction coefficient of the vertical curve, the probability of accident increases by about 20%. The results show that an approximately 10% increase in speed can raise the likelihood of a crash by 25% on average.

The use of accident reduction-related strategies for rescue vehicles and ambulances will help the victims affected by natural disasters. The results showed that choosing the right speed is very important in flooded wet streets. Driving fast to speed up the relief operation not only increases the risk of traffic accidents but also slows down the relief of natural disasters. The results indicate the proper performance of the model created by the probabilistic method. Besides, this model’s use has the advantage of correctly identifying the factors affecting the increase in risk. Also, it helps to take the right measures to increase safety in the relief of natural disasters, especially floods.

The present study was aimed to distinguish the effects of work type on hand dimensions and investigate the relationship between anthropometric dimensions and occupation.

The participants included 91 males in two groups, namely 51 manual labor and 40 office employees. The anthropometric data of 12 hand anthropometric dimensions were collected. A simple random method was applied to identify samples. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.

 All the measurements unless manual workers grip diameter were significantly greater than office personnel. The hand perimeter had the greatest value among the 12 measured dimensions while the thickness of the side little finger was the smallest one. In four dimensions, namely width of four fingers together from the central hinge; diameter of thumb to face; diameter of the index finger to face; hand thickness from index finger revealed the availability of a significant difference between manual labor jobs and office workers. Moreover, no significant relation was observed between weight and stature with hand dimension, which represents the correlation between occupation and the four dimensions.

The results of this study showed a significant difference between occupational groups in terms of the four dimensions. Therefore, it is suggested that tool designers should consider this finding in their designing process.

Every year many people are killed or injured in road accidents. The first step in planning to reduce accidents is to identify the causes of accidents. This study aimed to investigate and identify the causes and factors affecting the incidence and the severity of road accidents as a major issue in Ilam Province, Iran.

This research is a descriptive study with an analytical approach. Descriptive and inferential statistics indices were used for statistical analysis. A researcher-made questionnaire as fieldwork was used to investigate the factors affecting accidents. Friedman test was used in the analytical study of the data obtained from the questionnaires. The study population included all drivers of the public suburban fleet, including taxis, minibusses, and buses on the Ilam Province. Out of 190 drivers, a sample size of 127 was selected using a Cochran formula.

From the drivers’ point of view, the main causes of public fleet accidents on the roads of Ilam Province are the quality and technical issues of the roads. Interviewees believed that dangerous turns, low width, poor road quality, and inadequate traffic signs are the main causes of accidents. After that, human factors are in the second place, including high speed and overturning, left-sway, and unmanageable rush, emphasizing the two factors of high speed and overtaking. The technical and qualitative factors of the vessels are in third place. Finally, the environmental and natural factors are in fourth place.

Because the drivers consider the quality and technical issues of the roads as the main causes of traffic accidents in the transportation axes of Ilam Province, it is necessary to review and repair these transportation axes.

In industry and developed societies, annual work accidents can bring about huge losses. By proper analysis of these events, the development of controlling measures can be the most important action to prevent similar events and enhance the health of the society. Hence, the current study was aimed at analyzing a case of occupational accidents leading to death in one of the car industries. This qualitative case study was conducted in spring, 2018. With the implementation of Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP), the incident statement had been described accurately and, then, a safety control structure has been designed to determine inadequate effective safety control actions in the event of an accident. In the analysis of the incident, various factors were involved at different levels of incident hierarchy where the various components of socio-technical systems interact with each other; the inadequate control action of the safety unit was more prominent. Based on the STAMP technique, unlike traditional methods, does not consider the cause of the accident just a component of failure or malfunction of the system. Therefore, it provides a useful tool in incident analysis, especially in complicated and sensitive systems.

Many signs in relation to vascular events and consequent loss of consciousness could be easily incorrectly explained (unclear) in a setting of trauma, especially when these events are a result of the car accident. Third cranial nerve palsy widely occurs due to internal carotid and posterior communicating artery aneurysm. An anterior communicating(ACOM) aneurysm is a rare reason that could lead to oculomotor dysfunction. ACOM ruptured aneurysm may present with sub arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) but isolated IVH is a rare finding for ACOM ruptured aneurysm.

A 56-year-old male presented to the hospital emergency department because of trauma after a car accident. He was unconscious with left-sided dilated pupil and ptosis with a brain CT indicating IVH. Brain CT angiography that performed two weeks after the accident revealed ACOM aneurysm. The patient underwent craniotomy and clipping the aneurysm. He was discharged, after completing the period of the following treatmentA combination of neuropathic agents and opioids helped to control pain. These analgesic included amitriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin, tramadol and morphine in various regimens. Paracetamol and ibuprofen were also used.

This report is a unique case of synchronization of third cranial nerve palsy and isolated IVH without SAH due to ACOM aneurysm. In addition, it could be interesting to re-emphasize the need for a comprehensive assessment of traumatic patients for finding some primary pathologies, which could result in an accident.

Car crashes are among the prevalent incidents seriously threatening public health.

This study aimed to assess the survival and quality of hospital care for patients of car accidents in Western Azerbaijan, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,697 trauma victims admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia, Iran, during 2016. The data, including systolic pressure,Glasgow Coma Scale,respiratory rate prior to admittance, severity of injuries based on surgerydescription, limbs and brain computed tomography scan, and diagnostic ultrasound by an specialist, were collected from medical records. The survival chance of patients was estimated using Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS). To evaluate the quality of hospital service, Z and W statistics were utilized.

Out of 1,697admitted victims, 1,226(72.3%) and 471(27.7%) subjects were male and female, respectively. The patients were within the age range of 15-54 years, including 901 (75%) male and 296 (25%) female subjects. The predominant educational levels were under diploma and illiterate in male and female patients, respectively. The mean values of the Revised Trauma Score for the recovered and deceased patients were 7.75±0.38 and 6.19±1.59, respectively; however, the mean values of the Injury Severity Score for the recovered and deceased patients were 14.57±13.72 and 52.03±27.02, respectively, indicating a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The number of observed mortalities was 69; nevertheless, the expected mortalities were 60 cases. Furthermore,the quantified W and Z statistics were -9 and 0.02, respectively.

The results showed that the observed mortality exceeded the expected morality indicating the low quality of hospital care.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common problems in adolescents. Risky behaviors in patients with ADHD are due to impaired impulse control resulting from problems with inhibition of proponent responses, controlling interference, and stopping ongoing responses after feedback on errors. The present study investigated the relationship between ADHD and risky driving behavior and the likelihood of car accident in Arak, Iran, in 2015-16.

This case-control study was conducted in the Emergency Department of Vali-Asr hospital in Arak (Iran) on drivers who met the inclusion criteria. The data gathering tools included the Demographic Questionnaire, Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (MDBQ), and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20 software.

The mean of ADHD (±SD) was higher among cases (81.64 [26.78]) than in controls (64 [24.28], P = 0.000). The mean of risky driving behaviors (±SD) was higher among cases (66.41[26.78]) than in controls (36.79 [25.42]). There was a significant relationship between ADHD, risky behavior, lapse errors, slips, deliberate ‎violation, and unintentional violation and car accident (P = 0.000).

This study showed that ADHD increases the risk of road crashes and motor vehicle injuries. These drivers tend to drive at unauthorized speed, have less control over the vehicle, drive more carelessly, and are more likely to have an accident.

Work-related accidents and illnesses are a great concern in developed countries. Numerous researches have been performed to find an appropriate approach to decrease occupational accidents. This descriptive-analytical study was designed based on the retrospective and field studies to develop a customized model of the safety culture and identify the effective factors of safety culture in a car manufacturing company. In order to present a new customized model of safety culture questionnaire, the study was designed in three phases: 1) Proposing a customized model, 2) Constructing a validated questionnaire, and 3) Conducting a field study. A total number of 619 cases completed the questionnaire (321 injured and 298 uninjured people). Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.855. The injured population noticeably acquired more points than the uninjured workers in all items of the questionnaire except for "safety rules and regulations"; though, this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) only in the 7 items. The correlation between almost all of the safety culture components in the injured and uninjured workers was positive (P<0.05 P <0.001). Developing a customized model and questionnaire for a car manufacturing industry is an important finding of the present study. The results showed that the safety culture of the injured subjects was higher than those uninjured. Therefore, it can be stated that the occupational accident is the milestone for the evaluation of the safety culture.