جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "cavitation" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

With the global population increasing, coupled with rising incomes and growing health consciousness, the demand for milk and dairy products is expanding rapidly. Cavitation, has emerged as an effective technique for enhancing milk processing in the dairy industry. This review focuses on exploring different cavitation induction methods used in milk processing and analyzing their impact on the nutritional value of milk.

 Using a scoping review methodology, this study collected data from both authoritative Persian databases, including SID and ISC, and international platforms like Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search covered documents published between January 1, 2010,
and January 1, 2024, in accordance with predefined research questions and inclusion criteria.

 The initial search yielded 873 documents, of which 15 met the criteria for detailed analysis. The effects of various cavitation induction methods on the nutritional content of milk were categorized into five key areas: fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and organoleptic characteristics.

 Cavitation significantly reduces the time and energy needed for pasteurization and homogenization by minimizing thermal processing, thereby improving milk quality. Among the two primary cavitation methods, hydrodynamic cavitation is particularly effective at preserving milk’s nutritional value and enhancing its flavor profile. As a result, it offers a promising alternative or complementary approach to conventional milk processing techniques.

Nowadays, the presence of antibiotics in the environment has increasingly caused concern. Antibiotic contamination in the environment leads to the formation of antibiotic-resistant genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The discharge of hospital, industrial, agricultural and local wastewater is the main route of antibiotic entry into the environment. Studies show that the conventional water treatment processes are not efficient and specifically designed to remove these polar compounds, which are mostly water-soluble, non-volatile and non-biodegradable. To destroy these pollutions, many researchers have paid attention to various technologies based on abundant sources and clean energy, such as photocatalysis, Photo-Fenton, UV-H2O2, ozonation, sonolysis and sonocatalysis. Although the contaminated water is very turbid and obscure in many areas that light can hardly penetrate into the contaminated water and limits the photocatalytic ability. Semiconductor-based sonocatalysis has many advantages in antibiotic removal applications. Because the ultrasound waves can spread well in any aqueous environment and play a sonocatalytic effect. The effectiveness of photocatalytic and sonocatalytic processes is related to factors such as irradiation time, photocatalyst dose, pH, etc. Semiconductors such as TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, and ZrO2 participate in sonocatalytic processes due to their ability to promote the valence band electron to the conduction band, leaving the hole behind, and produce free radicals for the oxidation of organic compounds. In this article, we try to provide an overview of the sonocatalytic applications of nanoparticles in the degradation of antibiotics.

Biological effects of ultrasound waves and their applications in the presence of nanoparticles are a rapidly growing research area. In recent years, ultrasonic therapy of cancer cells has been developed successfully. In this study, effects of ultrasound waves in the presence of gold nanoparticles on the melanoma cells were evaluated.
The Melanoma cells were cultured and divided into 4 groups of control, gold nanoparticle, ultrasound alone and ultrasound waves at the presence of gold nanoparticle. Ultrasound irradiation at intensity of 2 W/cm2 was performed on the cells for 3 minutes.
Findings: There was a significant difference in the percent of cell viability between the ultrasound gold nanoparticles and the other groups. In addition, there was a significant difference between the ultrasound and the control groups, too.
Results of this study reveal that ultrasound in the presence of gold nanoparticles can be efficiently used for treatment of melanoma cells; as gold nanoparticles act as cavitation nuclei.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of low-level combined dual- frequency of 1 MHz and 150 kHz ultrasonication on fibro-lipid plaque with neovascularization in the rabbit common carotid artery. In this experimental study, the common carotid arteries in 17 rabbits were injured perivascularly by liquid nitrogen, followed by a 1.5% cholesterol-rich diet for eight weeks. The animals were randomly divided into three groups including A: a cholesterol-rich diet (n=7) and evaluation at eighth week, B: control and discontinuation of cholesterol-rich diet (n=5) and evaluation at twelfth week and C: low-level combined dual- frequency ultrasonication and discontinuation of cholesterol-rich diet (n=7) and evaluation at twelfth week. Blood volume flow and blood mean velocity were measured by color Doppler ultrasonography. Moreover, mean wall thickness and percentage of luminal cross-sectional area of stenosis were measured by B-mode ultrasonographic and histological methods in the stenotic region of the common carotid artery. Results showed a significant reduction in the mean value for blood peak systolic pressure, blood mean pressure, blood mean velocity, mean wall thickness and percentage of luminal cross-sectional area of stenosis and a significant increase in the mean value for blood peak diastolic pressure and blood volume flow in group C compared with the other groups (P<0.05). Enhanced inertial cavitation effect of low-level combined dual- frequency ultrasonication can cause the degradation of the microvessels and the fibro-lipid content, lipolysis and thrombolysis in the plaque and significantly dilate the luminal cross-sectional area of stenosis.