chronic low back pain

 Chronic non-specific back pain is one of the causes of disability in people, and chronic pain is one of the most important medical problems in the world.The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of Pilates exercises on pain, Disability, in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.

From internal and external search engines Scopus, Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ISC SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Doaj with time limit 2010 to 2024 and the keywords Pilates,Pain, Disability, Non-Specific, Chronic Low Back The present study was Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes).

 Eleven articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. A systematic review on the effectiveness of Pilates exercises on Pain, Disability, in people with non-specific chronic low back pain.

 According to the research conducted in the present study, Pilates exercises can increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the lumbar multifidus muscle and increase the strength of the abdominal muscle. it seems that Pilates exercises improve pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain.

Back pain is a prevalent complaint in primary care, particularly among working individuals. The global burden of disability years attributed to back pain has been steadily increasing. Addressing this issue effectively requires a thorough understanding of its prevalence and the contributing factors within various populations. Medical students due to the demands and nature of their training, are particularly susceptible to back pain. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of chronic back pain and identifying the associated factors among medical students at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 288 medical students, including interns and residents, at Imam Khomeini hospital, Sari, Iran. Participants were selected through simple random sampling and based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A Random Number Generator tool was utilized for the random assignment of participants. Data collection instruments included a personal profile questionnaire, the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), the Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (BAI) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Pain intensity was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS, version 26.

In this study, 207 participants (71.9%) reported experiencing back pain, with 138 individuals (47.9%) suffering from chronic low back pain (CLBP). Levels of anxiety, disability and pain intensity were significantly higher among individuals with CLBP compared to those without. Additionally, the findings revealed that the likelihood of developing CLBP increased significantly with advancing age, female gender, smoking and higher body mass index (BMI).

CLBP is prevalent among medical students, with significant associations to age, female gender, smoking, and higher BMI. The findings highlight the impact of CLBP on mental and physical health, particularly with respect to increased anxiety, disability, and pain intensity. These results emphasize the need for targeted interventions to address CLBP and its contributing factors in medical student populations, with a focus on prevention and management strategies to improve overall well-being and academic performance.

Low back pain is a major health problem worldwide with a clear social and economic impact and is a leading cause of years of disability and work absence. The purpose of the present study is the effect of eight weeks of motor control exercises and myofascial release on the range of motion of the lumbar spine and disability in people with non-specific chronic low back pain.

The current study is of quasi-experimental type. In this study, 16 men with non-specific chronic low back pain diagnosed by a neurosurgeon were selected in a purposeful and accessible way and were randomly and equally divided into two experimental groups (age 30.2±6.1years, body mass index 23.7±3.7 kg/m2) and control (age 26.2±4.8 years, body mass index 25.6±5.4 kg/m2) the experimental group performed motor control exercises and myofascial release three times a week for a period of eight weeks, and the control group performed motor control exercises similar to the experimental group during the same period of time. The range of motion of the lumbar spine (Modified – Modified Schober Test) and disability (Oswestry Disability Index) of participants was evaluated before and after eight weeks of training. Data analysis was done using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a five percent error level and using SPSS software version 26.

Movement control exercises with and without myofascial release have caused a significant increase in the amount of range of motion of the lumbar spine and significant reduction in the severity of disability of the subjects, after training compared to before training (p<0.001). range of motion of the lumbar spine and severity of disability was not significantly different between the control and experimental groups (p>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups in range of motion of the lumbar spine and severity of disability changes before and after training (p>0.05).

According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that motor control exercises with and without myofascial release can improve the of range of motion of the lumbar spine and reduction in the severity of disability in people with non-specific chronic low back pain. although the effect of motor control exercises and myofascial release on the range of motion of the lumbar spine and reduction in the severity of disability was more than motor control exercises alone, but the amount of this effect was not significant. Therefore, it is possible that both protocols can be suggested as a useful method for the rehabilitation of people with non-specific chronic low back pain.

 Chronic Low back pain (LBP) is leading cause of healthrelated premature retirement and is associated with substantial downstream economic losses and reduced quality of lif. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Treatment Based On Emotional Efficiency on Alexithymia and health-related quality of life in Women with Chronic Low Back Pain.

The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a 45-day follow-up period. The statistical population of this research included all women with chronic Low back pain who referred to the hospital and specialized pain clinics in Isfahan city in the summer quarter of 1401. In this research, 30 patients suffering from chronic back pain were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 patients in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes during two months of treatment based on emotional efficiency, but the control group did not receive any intervention. In this research, the health-related quality of life questionnaire (Warr, 1988) and the Toronto Alexithymia scale were completed by Bagby, Parker and Taylor (1994).  The data was analyzed through SPSS-23 software and with the analysis of variance test with repeated measures.

There was no significant difference between the scores of Alexithymia and health-related quality of life in the experimental and control groups in the pre-test (P<0.05). The results showed that the treatment based on emotional efficiency increased and decreased the health-related quality of life and Alexithymia of women with chronic low back pain in the post-test, respectively compared to the control group (P<0.001). The effect of treatment based on emotional efficiency on health-related quality of life and Alexithymia was permanent in the follow-up phase (P<0.001).  .

Treatment based on emotional efficiency is suggested as an effective treatment in health centers to improve health-related quality of life and reduce Alexithymia in women with chronic low  back pain.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is often associated with disability for physiological and psychological reasons. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) is one of the non-pharmacological interventions that have recently attracted the attention of therapists. The purpose of this narrative review is to investigate and analyze the effect of pain neuroscience training on pain and disability in patients with CLBP.

Our research literature search includes articles published from 2018 to 2023, which were used from databases PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Pro Quest. Key words included (randomized controlled trial, pain neuroscience education, chronic low back pain, pain and disability). The PEDro scale was used to check the quality of the articles entered.

Among the 16 articles found, 6 articles met the inclusion criteria. These studies mainly measured the effect of pain neuroscience education in combination with traditional back and neck exercises, motor control exercises, core stability exercises, manual therapy, home exercises, movement therapy and physiotherapy and the positive effects of combining PNE with this interventions on the pain and disability have been recorded in these studies.

PNE with the aim of changing people's understanding of what pain is, its function and what biological and physiological processes support it. In combination with other therapeutic and exercise interventions, it can help guide and develop interventions and improve the management of CLBP.

Low back pain is known as the main cause of disability worldwide. The purpose of this review article was to review the effects of Pain Neuroscience Education(PNE) along with core stability exercises on patients with chronic low back pain.

In this narrative study, we reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of PNE along with core stability exercises on chronic low back pain from 2000 to 2024. We searched six electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PEDRO, to review the literature and background studies. The search terms included "low back pain", "Core stability", "Pain Neuroscience Education", Motor control. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the articles.

77 studies were reviewed, of which five studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for review. RCTs showed that PNE along with core stability exercises reduces pain, increases functional ability, and improves psychological components, as well as improving other important factors, including improving strength and flexibility in people with low back pain.

The results of this study show that the synergy between these two interventions may be associated with the simultaneous reduction of pain, improvement of functional capacity and reduction of psychological distress. However, research combining the effects of these interventions is limited and should be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations.

low Back pain is a major health problem around the world that today's society is involved in, which worsens functional status, quality of life, and social life. The purpose of the present study is the effect of eight weeks of motor control exercises and myofascial release on Muscular Endurance of the Central Part of Body in people with non-specific chronic low back pain

The current study is of quasi-experimental type. In this study, 16 men with non-specific chronic low back pain diagnosed by a neurosurgeon were selected in a purposeful and accessible way and were randomly and equally divided into two experimental groups (age 30.2±6.1years, body mass index 23.7±3.7 kg/m2) and control (age 26.2±4.8 years, body mass index 25.6±5.4 kg/m2) the experimental group performed motor control exercises and myofascial release three times a week for a period of eight weeks, and the control group performed motor control exercises similar to the experimental group during the same period of time. The endurance of trunk flexion muscles (McGill Test) and trunk extension muscles (Biering Sorensen Test) of participants was evaluated before and after eight weeks of training. Data analysis was done using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a five percent error level and using SPSS software version 26.

Movement control exercises with and without myofascial release have caused a significant increase in the amount of muscle endurance (McGill and Biering Sorensen test), after training compared to before training (p<0.001). Muscular endurance (McGill and Biering Sorensen test) was not significantly different between the control and experimental groups (p>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups in muscle endurance changes before and after training (p>0.05).

According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that motor control exercises with and without myofascial release can improve the muscular endurance of the central region of the body in people with non-specific chronic low back pain, although the effect of motor control exercises and myofascial release on the muscular endurance of the central region The body was more than motor control exercises alone, but the amount of this effect was not significant. Therefore, it is possible that both protocols can be suggested as a useful method for the rehabilitation of people with non-specific chronic low back pain.

 Concerning the effectiveness of training on people with chronic low back pain, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of postural restoration institute (PRI) training on lower limb kinematics during walking in middle-aged subjects with discogenic low back pain.

 In this prospective observational quasi-experimental study, 42 people participated in three groups: people without low back pain (healthy group, n=14) and people with low back pain in two groups (intervention group, n=14; and control group, n=14). Kinematic data were recorded by 7 Qualisys cameras with a frequency of 100 Hz in the pretest and post-test. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used in SPSS software version 23 at a significance level 0.05.

 The results showed that people with low back pain in the intervention and control groups walk with a slower velocity, lower cadence, and shorter step length than healthy individuals for both right and left limbs. However, after the PRI training, the intervention group showed a significant increase in those three variables. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the healthy group and the two groups of intervention and control in the range of motion (ROM) for the pelvis in the sagittal and frontal planes, the right hip joint in the horizontal plane, the right ankle in the frontal plane, the left hip joint in the sagittal and horizontal planes as well as the left ankle in the sagittal plane. After applying PRI, the differences between the healthy and the intervention groups regarding the pelvis ROM on the sagittal plane, the right ankle ROM on the sagittal plane, the left hip joint ROM on the frontal plane, and the left knee ROM on the sagittal plane were minimized and became insignificant.

 The present study’s findings confirmed the effectiveness of using PRI training in improving biomechanical indicators, such as the range of joint movements and increasing the velocity and step length of walking, to treat and manage the performance of people with discogenic chronic low back pain.

Chronic low back pain is one of the most common debilitating occupational diseases. It seems that the frequency of this type of back pain is increasing, especially among young military staff. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causes of chronic low back pain according to interpretation of MRI reports in military personnel of army land forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the data of military personnel with chronic low back pain, referring to the Neurosurgery Council of Khanevadeh Hospital, Tehran in 2016 were extracted. The information included demographic and occupational characteristics of the patients, clinical findings, and MRI reports. We used chi-square and Fischer exact tests for data analysis at the significance level of 95%.

326 male military personnel with chronic low back pain were evaluated. The mean age of the subjects was 37.3 ± 0.6 years. The most common MRI finding was disc herniation which was detected in 174 cases (53.3%). low back pain was most frequent in the combat branch, which included 114 cases (34.9%). There was no statistically significant correlation between MRI findings and types of military branches (P=0.071). The highest frequency of disc herniation belonged to the patients between 20 and 29 years of age (p=0.002) and the highest frequency of degenerative changes was seen in the patients over 50 years of age (p=0.005).

The most important finding of this study was the low mean age of the patients with chronic low back pain who were in their active working years. We suggest revision of the trend of periodic examinations of military personnel, ergonomics of the work environment and military training.

Chronic low back pain is one of the most common and costly musculoskeletaldisorders in societies and is an important clinical and socio-economic epidemic, mostly in industry andnon-industry. The aim of this study was to a systematic review of the effectiveness of exercise protocolson lumbar proprioception in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.

From internal and external search engines, including Scopus, Semantic Scholar,Google Scholar, Pubmed, ISC, SID, Magiran, Irandoc, and Doaj with time limit 2010 to 2021 and the keywordsexercises, proprioception, non-specific, and chronic low back pain, the present study was doneusing PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes).

Results :

Nine articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. These studies mainly focused on systematicreview effectiveness of exercise protocols on sensation and low back pain in people with non-specificchronic low back pain.

According to the research reviewed in the present study, it seems that exercise rehabilitationprotocols activate, strengthen, maintain, and increase the central region of the body, especially deepmuscles, particularly the multifidus and transverse abdomen, by retraining the pelvic lumbar region. Thediaphragm and diagonal of the abdomen and pelvic floor, which play a role in the important segmentalstability of the lumbar spine, improve the sense of depth and pain in patients with chronic nonspecificlow back pain.