جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "cinnamaldehyde" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Nowadays, herbal medicine has been utilized to treat various diseases such as cancer, which showed successful therapeutic efficacy in previous studies. This study for the first time evaluated the cytotoxic potential of cinnamaldehyde (CIN) alone and in combination with doxorubicin (DOX), a well-known potent anti-tumor agent, on the proliferation of prostatic cancer cell line (PC3).

Experimental approach: 

The cytotoxicity and apoptotic activities of CIN and DOX, either separately or together, were determined on PC3 cells by the MTT test and Annexin V/PI assay, respectively. To further investigate which apoptotic pathway participated in cell death a collection of prominent markers of apoptosis induction including caspase-3/7 activations, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and phosphatidyl serine translocation were detected.

The different concentrations of CIN and DOX significantly inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells in a concentration-dependent way within a 24-h treatment. In addition, the induction of apoptosis by CIN was accompanied by an increase in the activation of caspase-3/7 in PC3 cells with IC50 concentrations of 12.5 and 10 μg/mL for CIN and DOX, respectively. Moreover, the morphological observations obtained from flow cytometry MMP and caspase-3/7 activity assays, altogether, revealed the potential effect of CIN on apoptosis induced in PC3 cells by DOX.

Conclusions and implications: 

Taken together, the current study concluded that the combination of CIN and DOX could lead to the production of a potential therapeutic agent for prostate cancer. However, further in vivo and clinical studies are still needed to validate this combination in prostate cancer therapy.

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J.Presl), which belongs to the Lauraceae family, is a medicinal plant presented in traditional Persian medicine for alleviating headaches. The bark of the cinnamon tree contains cinnamaldehyde as the main volatile constituent. This study aimed to design and prepare a cream-based formulation containing Cinnamon essential oil. Following the preparation and extraction of cinnamon bark essential oil, a Gas chromatography/Mass spectroscopy GC/MS technique was employed to chemically analyze the volatile constituents. Subsequently, the preparation of the cream base and essential oil cream as well as related pharmaceutical evaluations and content determination were carried out. The presence of cinnamaldehyde in the essential oil was confirmed. Afterward, an appropriate formulation was determined, and a semi-solid topical product was prepared. The final product underwent evaluations, including macroscopic and microscopic tests for odor, color, appearance, and phase separation, as well as pH, rheology, centrifugation, microbial limits, and texture analysis. Finally, based on the quantification performed using the Gas chromatography/Flame ionization detector (GC/FID), the amount of cinnamaldehyde in 1 milliliter of the essential oil was calculated as 5310.54±24.72 µg, quantitatively. Regarding the yielded essential oil extracted from the final formulation (50 g cream containing 2.5% of the cinnamon bark essential oil), this amount was 3982.68±116.04 µg. Considering the affirmative responses from clinical trials on the finished product, cinnamon essential oil could be introduced as a herbal topical medicine for the management of headaches and cephalic pain.

In the present studies, cytotoxicity evaluation of camphor-mediated bimetallic nanoparticles has been done. The IC50 value of Te combined Se, Zr, and Ce bimetallic nanoparticles are 18.0, 16.0, 175.4,38.9 µg/ml respectively. A maximum proportion of cell activity attained at 16 µg/ml reveals the size-dependent anticancer property of TeSe, Tezr, and TeCe BNPs towards the MCF -7 Cell line and SeZr towards skin cancer cell lines. The surface morphology with particle size and optical attribute of camphor-mediated BNPs can be analyzed by various studies such as Uv- visible spectroscopy, XRD, AFM, SEM –EDX, HR-TEM, and XPS study the size of the SeZr BNPs was observed to less than 100 nm, which conforms to the bioactive nature of bimetallic nanoparticles. In addition, the photocatalytic behaviour of camphor-mediated SeZr BNPs has been tested by using methylene blue dye under natural sunlight and UV illumination. Hence, the result of the studies shows a maximum of 87% degradation within 60 min for same concentration solution at PH 9 which can be due to increases in hydroxyl ion concentration. Further, a comparative study in catalytic activity on photo degradation of MB dye with an optimized sample was carried out under UV irradiation. The reusability test was performed after 60 min degradation, implying the Photocatalyst’s stability. Further, pseudo -first- order kinetic model was performed for obtained data. This is the first report on catalytic degradation using camphor-mediated SeZr BNPs to effective removal of pollutants in waste water streams

 The increasing demand for the discovery of next-generation antimicrobials necessitates the use of plant extracts as alternatives. This study investigates the antibacterial efficacy of extracted cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and commercial cinnamaldehyde (CN) against foodborne pathogens.

 Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to screen the antimicrobial potency of CEO and CN. MIC and MBC were determined by the broth microdilution method. Kinetic destruction pattern was studied by time killing assay. CEO and CN mediated inactivation dynamics of S. typhimurium (ALM40) and L. monocytogenes were studied on the ground chicken meat model.

Both CEO and CN showed remarkable antimicrobial efficacy against the test strains, with highest and lowest efficacy against V. metschnikovii and E. coli, respectively. The agents inhibited gram-positive and negative bacteria equally. CN showed higher efficacy than CEO although the results were very close. MIC of CEO and CN ranged from 0.625%-5% (v/v) and 0.078%-0.3125% (v/v), respectively. Heat treatment and pH alteration did not hamper the antibacterial potency of CEO. CEO and CN mediated destruction kinetics were faster in L. monocytogenes than S. typhimurium (ALM 40). Inactivation dynamics study showed CEO and CN to have slightly dose-dependent antimicrobial effects. Besides, storage conditions and time did not reduce the antimicrobial potency. The significant microbial reduction was observed in both CEO and CN treated meat samples than untreated controls. Notably, a complete reduction of viable count in meat model was observed in selective medium just after 24hrs storage.

 Both CEO and CN showed promising antimicrobial effects to be used in combating foodborne pathogens.

Cinnamaldehyde is the prevalent bioactive part of cinnamon essential oil which is liable for its regular scent and can be gotten from the bark, leaves, and twigs of various Cinnamomum species. Cinnamaldehyde is known to be generally considered non-toxic due to its high tolerance in animals and humans. Various extraction methods have been used for extracting cinnamaldehyde and different phytochemicals from plants. The methods generally adopted for cinnamaldehyde extraction are hydro distillation, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted hydro distillation, and water steam extraction. Cinnamaldehyde has been documented to have different useful properties against disease conditions as a result of oxidative stress, inflammation, loss of neurons, hyperglycemia, and malignant growth. Likewise, cinnamaldehyde has been recorded to possess strong antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic and food waste microorganisms. The mechanism through which cinnamaldehyde exerts these effects have been associated with the prevention of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species generation, free radical scavenging activity, inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, and disruption of the cell membrane of microorganisms. This article gives a thorough report of the sources, extraction techniques, validated therapeutic potentials and mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde. It likewise features other applications of cinnamaldehyde in agriculture, food, and other industries.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic drugs in different cancers, developing new green drugs have become crucial. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles containing Cinnamomum verum J.Presl essential oil and cinnamaldehyde (major ingredient) were first prepared. The obtained nanoparticles were then characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform InfraRed (ATR-FTIR). After that, anticancer effects of the as-prepared nanoparticles were investigated. IC50 values of chitosan nanoparticles containing the essential oil were observed at 79 and 112 µg/mL against A-375 and MDA-MB-468 cells, respectively. These values for chitosan nanoparticles containing cinnamaldehyde were obtained at 135 and 166 µg/mL. The results of the current study indicated that chitosan nanoparticles containing C. verum essential oil can inhibit the growth of human melanoma (A-375) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-468) cells.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and frequently used illegal drugs. Repeated exposure to METH can induce degenerative changes in dopaminergic and serotonergic axons. There is no standard medical treatment for METH’s neurotoxic effects. Cinnamaldehyde is an important compound of cinnamon and has activities against neurological disorders. The present study was designed to examine the neuroprotective effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) on METH-induced cytotoxicity. PC12 cells were treated with METH (2.5 mM) 24 h after treated with different concentrations of TCA (3.75- 50 μM). The percentage of cell survival was evaluated by MTT assay and the following parameters were measured to detect apoptosis and oxidative stress responses: DNA fragmentation, ROS production and GSH content. Exposure to 2.5 mM METH decreased the cell viability and GSH levels, caused the generation of reactive oxygen species and ultimately induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with TCA at 3.125-25 μM significantly attenuated cell viability loss. TCA, especially at a concentration of 12.5 and 25 μM, decreased the apoptosis and ROS generation and increased the GSH level compared with the METH group. The findings of the present study suggested that TCA exerted a protective effect against METH-induced neurotoxicity through mechanisms related to antioxidant and anti-apoptosis. It is suggested that TCA may be useful for the prevention and treatment of harmful effects of METH on the brain.

Insulin resistance (IR) is the major cause in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Expression of some miRNAs can be changed in response to a drug treatment for IR, and used as the biomarker in IR. This study set out to determine the effect of cinnamon extract (cinnamaldehyde) on some miRNAs expression in IR adipocytes.

In this In-vitro study the 3T3L1 cells were expanded in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), differentiated into adipocytes phenotype and insulin resistant with high glucose medium, then the cells were treated with cinnamaldehyde. To determine of the miRNAs profiling in 3T3L1 adipocytes, insulin-resistant adipocytes and treated insulin-resistant adipocytes quantitative real-time PCR method was performed.

IR adipocytes exhibited a significantly increase in miRs 29a, 223 and 320 expression, and decrease in miR26-b expression in compare to the normal adipocytes
(P-value<0.001 and P-value= 0.024 respectively). However in response to cinnamaldehyde in IR adipocytes, expression of miRs 29a, 223 and 320 were down-regulated while expression of miR26-b was up-regulated neared it to the normal level (P-value= 0.003 and P-value= 0.002 respectively).

IR changes expression of intended miRs, so that cinnamaldehyde treatment helps to improve and normalize the changes. Cinnamon as the herbal product can be helpful for IR particular in adipose tissue.

In the present study, we tried for the first time to examine whether cinnamaldehyde (CA), with herbal nature, can be co-administrated with doxorubicin (DOX, as an anticancer drug) toward U87MG glioblastoma cells to potentiate its cytotoxic effect and overcome or reduce its side effects.
Experimental approach: The cytotoxic effect of DOX and CA, either individually or in combination,   were evaluated on U87MG cells using the MTT method. The mechanism of action was studied by investigating the mode of cell death using caspase-3 and 9 activations, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as sub G1 analysis. The expression of apoptosis- related genes (Bcl-2 and Bax) was also examined.

Cellular toxicity assay revealed that CA and DOX can potentially reduce the viability of U87MG cells with IC50 at 11.6 and 5 µg/mL, respectively. Exposure with the combination of CA and DOX significantly increased cytotoxic effect of DOX on U87MG cells. The results of SUBG1, MMP, and also caspase-3 and -9 activity assays, in association with the results corresponding to the Bax and Bcl-2 gene expressions, altogether revealed that CA can induce apoptosis on U87MG cells. Moreover, apoptogenic effects of DOX were found to be potentiated by CA.

The results of this study revealed the promising cytotoxic and apoptogenic role of CA on U87MG cells. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that CA is able to enhance the apoptosis induced by DOX on human glioblastoma cells. Collectively, these data suggested that  co-exposure of CA and DOX could be effective for treatment of glioblastoma, but further in vivo and clinical studies are still needed to prove these results.

Foodborne illnesses, resulting from consumption of contaminated foods, represent a substantial public health threat. Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen bacteria and can cause serious problems in human. Because of this reason, Nowadays various compounds are being used to control these bacteria in foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate antilistarial potential of barberry extract, cinnamaldehyde (CA) and nisin, also to discover synergistic effects of dual combination of these compounds againt Listeria monocytogenes in culture medium.
  The antilisterial activity of barberry extract, cinnamaldehyde (CA) and nisin was evaluated using agar well diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), also Combined antilisterial activity was examined by fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and time-kill assays. In agar well diffusion method, nisin (400 IU/ml) and CA (40 µl/ml) produced the largest inhibition zones (20.75±0.25 and 32.0±1, respectively). MIC values of nisin, CA and barberry extract were 25 IU/ml, 0.312 µl/ml and 37.5 mg/ml, respectively. In time kill assay, the combination of nisin with CA in MIC concentration was found the best combination against L. monocytogenes and a 6 log reduction in bacterial count was obtained. The results of this study revealed that nisin and CA have convenient antilisterial activity and combination of these two compounds in MIC concentration showed synergistic effects against Listeria monocytogenes.

Cinnamaldehyde may be responsible for some health benefits of cinnamon such as its neuroprotective effects. We aimed to investigate the cinnamaldehyde neuroprotective effects against amyloid beta (Aβ) in neuronal SHSY5Y cells and evaluate the contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), ryanodine, and adenosine receptors and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, to its neuroprotective effects. After seeding the cells in 96-well plates, adenosine (20, 40, 80, and 120 µM), NMDA (20, 40, 80, and 120 µM), and dantrolene (as a ryanodine receptor antagonist; 2, 4, 6, 8, and 16 µM) were added to the medium containing Aβ25-35 and/or cinnamaldehyde. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method was used to assess neurotoxicity and western blot to measure the GSK-3β protein level. Cinnamaldehyde (15, 20, 23, and 25 μM) significantly reversed Aβ-induced toxicity in SHSY5Y neuronal cells. Adenosine (20, 40, 80 and 120 μM) inhibited the neuroprotective effects of cinnamaldehyde (15 μM). NMDA (20, 40, 80, and 120 μM) reduced cinnamaldehyde (15 and 23 μM) neuroprotective effects against Aβ neurotoxicity. Dantrolene (2, 4, 8, and 16 μM) significantly reduced cinnamaldehyde (15 μM) neuroprotective effects. Cinnamaldehyde (15 and 23 μM) suppressed the Aβ-induced increment of GSK-3β protein level.  NMDA and adenosine receptors suppression together with ryanodine receptors stimulation may be relevant to cinnamaldehyde neuroprotective effects against Aβ neurotoxicity. Moreover, the inhibition of GSK-3β may contribute to the cinnamaldehyde neuroprotection.

Chitosan based composite fine fibers were successfully produced via a centrifugal spinning technology. This study evaluates the ability of the composites to function as scaffolds for cell growth while maintaining an antibacterial activity.
Two sets of chitosan fiber composites were prepared, one filled with anti-microbial silver nanoparticles and another one with cinnamaldeyhde. Chitosan powder was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane followed by addition of the fillers. The fiber output was optimized by configuring the polymer weight concentration (7, 8, and 9 w/w% chitosan) and applied angular velocity (6000-9000 RPM) within the spinning process.
Scanning electron microscopy revealed fiber diameters ranging from 800-1500 nm. Cinnamaldehyde and silver nanoparticles helped to improve and control the anti-bacterial activity. Through a verified cell counting method and disk diffusion method, it was proven that the chitosan based composite fibers possess an enhanced anti-bacterial/microbial activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Both composite systems showed anti-bacterial activity, inhibition zones fluctuating between 5 to 10 mm were observed depending on the size of the fiber matand no bacteria was found within the mats. The developed fiber scaffolds were found to be noncytotoxic serving as effective three-dimensional substrates for cell adhesion and viability.
These results provide potential to use these scaffolds in wound healing and tissue regeneration applications.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. In recent years, there have been interests in the role of the free radical damage in PD. Cinnamon and its derivative, cinnamaldehyde acts as powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. This research focused on the effects of cinnamon extract and cinnamaldehyde on neurons of SNc of a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease.
45 adult male mice with an average weight of 25-35 g were divided into 9 groups of 5 each: group 1: control PBS, group 2: control serum, group 3: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), group 4: MPTP low dose of cinnamon extract pretreatment (20 mg/kg), group 5: MPTP high dose of cinnamon extract pretreatment (40 mg/kg), group 6: MPTP low dose of cinnamon extract treatment (20 mg/kg), group7: MPTP high dose of cinnamon extract treatment (40 mg/kg), group 8: MPTP cinnamaldehyde pretreatment (30 mg/kg), group 9: MPTP cinnamaldehyde treatment (30 mg/kg). Rotarod test was used to assess motor and balance of the mice. After behavioral studies, all mice were anesthetized and perfused transcardially with 0.1 M PBS (PH=7.4) followed by 4% buffered paraformaldehyde fixative. The brain of the mice were removed and fixed in the paraformaldehyde and stained for Nissl and the number of Nissl-stained neurons were counted. Data was analyzed using SPSS software by one way ANOVA.
Aqueous cinnamon extract and cinnamaldehyde improved rotarod performance of MPTP-lesioned mice and prevented loss of Nissl-stained neurons of SNc of the midbrain.
These findings suggest that cinnamaldehye as a natural antioxidant may protect neurons of SNc neurons against Parkinson’s disease.

To investigate the effect of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on the telomere-dependent senescence of stem cells. In addition, to search the probable targets of mentioned phytochemicals between human telomere interacting proteins (TIPs) using in silico studies.
Human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) were studied under treatments with 2.5 µM/ml cinnamaldehyde, 0.1 µg/ml eugenol, 0.01% DMSO or any additive. The expression of TERT, AKT1 and DKC1 genes and the telomere length were assessed over 48-hr treatment. In addition, docking study was conducted to show probable ways through which phytochemicals interact with TIPs.
Treated and untreated hASCs had undetectable TERT expression, but they did affect the AKT1 and DKC1 expression levels (CI=0.95; P The general effect of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol is their induction of stem cell senescence. Therefore, they could be applicable as chemo-preventive or antineoplastic agents.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Development of the drug resistance is becoming a threat to disease control, which underscores need for new agents targeting M. tuberculosis.
In this study, analysis of gene expression was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR).
Results of the current study showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration value of cinnamaldehyde against M. tuberculosis was 200 µg/mL. Moreover, RT-PCR data showed that a total of 25 genes were regulated by the cinnamaldehyde. Of these, 12 genes were up-regulated, and 13 genes were down-regulated.
Cinnamaldehyde is a pattern to expand the new anti-TB drugs, because the targets of the cinnamaldehyde are different from those of anti-tubercular agents.

The aim of this study was to estimate the cheminformatics and qualitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. The effects of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on the viability, doubling time and adipogenic or osteogenic differentiations of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) were also investigated.
QSAR and toxicity indices of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol were evaluated using cheminformatics tools including Toxtree and Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T) and molinspiration server. Besides, their effects on the hASCs viability, doubling time and differentiation to adipogenic or osteogenic lineages were evaluated.
Cinnamaldehyde is predicted to be more lipophilic and less toxic than eugenol. Both phytochemicals may be developmental toxicants. They probably undergo hydroxylation and epoxidation reactions by cytochrome-P450. The 2.5 µM/ml cinnamaldehyde and 0.1 µg/ml eugenol did not influence hASCs viability following 72 hr of treatment. But higher concentrations of these phytochemicals insignificantly increased hASCs doubling time till 96 hr, except 1 µg/ml eugenol for which the increase was significant. Only low concentrations of both phytochemicals were tested for their effects on the hASCs differentiation. The 2.5 µM/ml cinnamaldehyde and 0.1 µg/ml eugenol enhanced the osteogenesis and decreased the adipogenesis of hASCs meaningfully.
According to the cheminformatics analysis and in vitro study, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are biocompatible and low toxic for hASCs. Both phytochemicals may be suitable for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering when used at low concentrations, but maybe useful for neoplastic growth inhibition when used at high concentrations.