جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « comfort » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Today, the employees have moved towards less mobility and more sitting due to the use of modern technologies in the workplace, and the complications arisen from static work and fixed posture have caused numerous disorders, including musculoskeletal disorders. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the comfort and usability of the ergonomic sit-stand desk converter with the purpose of prevention of disorders caused by continues sitting in workers.

30 employees and Faculty Members of a university voluntarily entered this study with consent and awareness. After providing the necessary explanations, two researcher-made questionnaires of Local Perceived Discomfort (LPD) and Sit-Stand Desk Converter Usability Questionnaire (SSDCUQ), two methods of posture analysis, two methods of Workstation evaluation and general satisfaction together with 2-8-20 software and an ergonomic desk converter were provided to the volunteers. After the test period, SPSS version 22 software and statistical tests such as mean, standard deviation, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.  

The total average of LPD in different parts of body was 0.48 ± 0.87, which indicates that the converter works in the range of no problem to very little discomfort. The average general satisfaction with the converter's function was 3.18 ± 1.08 which is in the moderate to good range. Also, a significant relationship was found between different situations of using the converter in the analysis of different sitting and standing postures (P<0.0005), which indicates the improvement of the sitting and standing posture during the use of the converter.

height-adjustable workstations are a good choice to reduce sitting time and improve posture. Despite the improvement of sitting and standing posture when using the converter, there are limitations such as the user ignoring software warning to sit and stand in the mechanical converter under study

understanding the feeling of comfort is one of elderly needs, especially those hospitalized, that nursing care has a significant effect on improving the patient's comfort level. One of these nursing interventions is relaxation.

Material: 

The present study is a randomized controlled experimental study that was performed on 71 elderly people admitted to the internal ward (34 in the experimental group and 37 in the control group) in Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Tehran from June to October 2020.  Research tools were Abbreviated Mental Test and Hospice Comfort Questionnaire. In the experimental group, Benson relaxation was performed for 4 sessions and each session lasted for 10 minutes. In the control group, a routine intervention was performed. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and paired t-test were used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 16.

By comparing the comfort level at the beginning and end of the research between the experimental and control groups, it was found that the distribution of the mean comfort level between the two groups is not statistically significant. Although the level of comfort between the two groups at the end of the study was not significantly different from the beginning of the study, but in both groups the mean of it w increased. There was a significant difference between the mean comfort level before and after the research within the experimental and control groups (p <0.0001).

It is suggested that health policymakers design a quiet environment and appropriate equipment, for example appropriate beds in hospitals or medical staff, especially nurses, create a stress-free ward and a suitable relationship to provide trust, confidence and responsibility for increasing the comfort of the elderly in hospital.

Comfort is the ultimate goal in all the nursing processes. The aim of the study is to examine the comfort status of the hospitalized patients with mental disorders.

This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study that was conducted on 275 patients hospitalized in the psychiatric wards of Lavasani hospital in Tehran in 2020. The study subjects were selected using the convenience sampling method. The patients completed a demographic form and the comfort questionnaire of psychiatric patients. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, independent t-test, analysis of variance, and the Scheffe test through the SPSS software version 24 at a significance level of 0.05.

A total of 184 patients (66.9%) were male. The overall comfort score was 128.76, which was more than median based on the score from 38 to 190.
The highest scores in the dimensions of comfort, were respectively sociocultural domain (65.20±91.55), psychospiritual domain (64.19±31.50), physical domain (58.22±37.06), and environmental domain (49.19±22.39). The Scheffe test showed that the comfort score for the patients with sufficient income was significantly higher (P<0.001). Also, the patients who were employees had a higher comfort score compared to others (P=0.017).

The patients gained the least comfort score in the environmental domain, and the most comfort score in the sociocultural domain. Therefore, devising and implementing all nursing interventions are recommended with the aim of maintaining and improving comfort in the environment of psychiatric departments.

Providing safety for human resources in the industry is very important. Safety shoes are one of the most common PPEs that protect the foot against potential hazards. This study aimed to evaluate the discomfort and usability of safety shoes in different industries of Mazandaran province to find gaps in the quality of design and improve the design of safety shoes.

This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted in 2021.This study included employees of 11 different industrial companies that used seven safety shoe brands. They answered two researcher-made questionnaires, LPD (discomfort and general satisfaction) and SFUQ (usability). Data analysis was performed with Spearman rank correlation coefficient while Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA test were also performed.

In total, 226 men with a mean age of 36.33 ± 7.4 years were included in this study. The participants reported the lowest usability for the brand G (3.3 and 3.99), and the least discomfort and the most usability index with the brand A (1.2 and 5.35). Overall, the highest satisfaction was reported for brand A and the lowest satisfaction to brand G.

The findings of this study showed that the main problem in comfort and usability is probably related to shoe molds because the manufacturers of safety shoes import molds from abroad that do not fit the anthropometric characteristics of Iranian users’ feet.

One of the most important concerns of the families of hospitalized elderly patients is their comfort. Considering the importance of comfort in the elderly and its psychological and physical effects on their families, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the elderly patients’ comfort and the stress, anxiety and depression of their families.

This is a descriptive correlational study on 136 elderly people admitted to public and private hospitals in Sari, Iran and their families who were selected by a convenience sampling method. Data collection instruments were the 21-item depression anxiety stress scale and the hospice comfort questionnaire. The correlation between the components of comfort, stress, anxiety and depression was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Linear regression analysis was used to predict the comfort level of the elderly based on the stress level of their family members. Statistical calculations were performed in SPSS software, version 24.

The mean±SD age of the family group was 39.42±8.72 years and 88 (50.9%) were female. Family members aged >50 and females had higher depression, anxiety and stress (P <0.001). The highest score of comfort in the elderly was related to the sociocultural domain (58.9 ±12), while the lowest score was related to the psychospiritual domain (35.8±15.5). Pearson correlation test results showed the significant and negative relationship of physical and psychospiritual domains of comfort with depression, anxiety and stress in the families (P<0.05). The linear regression model showed that the comfort of the hospitalized elderly could explain the stress of the family members (P<0.001).

The comfort of the hospitalized elderly patients is related to anxiety, depression and stress of their families. Therefore, simultaneous attention should be paid to the comfort of the elderly and the psychological state of their families in the hospital.

Mosques are one of the religious places that attend to this place can meet the psychological needs of the elderly spiritually and religiously. Moreover, social participation is one of the things that can be effective in improving their quality of life and satisfaction. The aim of this action research study was to promote spiritual support and improve the safety of the structure of mosques under the conditions of the elderly.

This two-cycle action research was conducted based on Coughlan and Coughlan’s (2002) method with the cooperation of stakeholders. To get the initial data and the list of problems from the checklist, the physical structure of the mosque was checked, and the information was completed by interviewing the elderly people praying in the mosque (Mosalla) of Gonabad. In different stages of the cycles, which included planning, implementing, evaluating and repeating the stages in two cycles, it was done with the participation of all members involved in the project.

The findings of the study showed that the mosque building in the entrances, stairs, ramps, ablutions, toilets and other parts needed to be repaired and rebuilt under the conditions of the elderly and able-bodied people. During two-cycle action research, the reconstructions related to the entrance parts, doors and stairs were made successfully, and no structural measures were taken for the reconstructions related to other parts including toilets, except for the sanitary reconstructions. The two-cycle action research was fully implemented, and evaluation was done after the corrections.

The reconstructions made based on the action research method could improve the safety condition of the structure of the mosque (Mosalla) and as a result increase the satisfaction of the elderly.

Comfort is a basic human need in all stages of life .It has a multidimensional and holistic concept in care. So that whenever the need for comfort is provided, patients are more able to develop healthy behaviors .Patient comfort is an integral part of nursing and nursing art.

This article is a review study that was conducted in 1400 by searching databases 10 years (from 2010 to 2020). After deleting articles that were not in Persian and English or the entire article could not be accessed, 14 articles were found as a result of the search.

Kolcaba defines comfort in three types of comfort needs (relief, ease, Transcendence) and four areas of human experience (physical, mental, environmental, and social). Comfort theory has become popular because of its simplicity and its applicability to various ices.

The most important need of patients and families, especially in difficult and stressful conditions, is comfort. This convenience includes a range of actions. Nurses, as the people who have the most contact with patients and family, also play an important role in creating comfort.

Enoxaparin using in cardiac patients to prevent the development, of coronary artery bypass grafting. The pain of the injection location is an unfavorable result subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin, causes patient discomfort. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lavender oil on pain and comfort in cardiac patients after injection of enoxaparin.

This clinical trial study was performed on 50 heart patients in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan. For collected information used a researcher-made checklist including two parts: demographic, pain scale and comfort. Patients were specified to intervention and control groups, rate of pain and comfort were measured immediately and 5 minutes after two intermittence injections with VAS visual scale. Data by using software SPSS version 16 and Statistical tests including t-test and chi-square were analyzed.

Findings showed that the two groups not differ significantly in demographic characteristics. In the intervention group in the second injection, the patient's pain was decreased immediately (P < 0.001) and 5 minutes (P < 0.001) after the first injection, also comfort level of the patients in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.001).

Lavender oil has a significant effect on the pain decreasing and increasing the level comfort of patients taking enoxaparin, so it can be used to relieve pain and increase the level comfort of patients taking enoxaparin.

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are widespread around the world and are the second most common cause of disability in work settings. A number of occupational factors such as forceful exertions, awkward postures, repetitive movements, and local contact stress can lead to the development of musculoskeletal problems. There is an association between the use of hand tools and onset of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Working with hand tools exposes users to one or more of these factors. Using hand tools, particularly if the job requires using the tools for a prolonged period of time, may also cause increased discomfort and fatigue which may be due to the existence of high stresses on the anatomical structures of the hand. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) and writer’s cramp are common injuries among writers, which may occur through excessive precise activity with the exertion of hands and fingers during writing, particularly with inappropriate techniques. There is strong evidence of a positive association between exposure to a combination of ergonomic risk factors (e.g., force and repetition, force and posture) and CTS. Writer’s cramp appears to be triggered by writing for long period of time.
Ergonomic hand tool design involves optimizing the handle to effectively carry out the intended function of the tool with the least load to muscles, tendons, skin, and joints. One aspect of this process is to optimize hand–tool contact area in order to maximize grip strength, minimize contact stress with special interest to sensitive areas of the palm and wrist, and provide appropriate tactile feedback. The grip strength is determined by the biomechanical advantage created by finger joint angles as well as the physiological advantage associated with the differences in muscle length. The hand posture and the related grip strength are influenced by the shape of the handle and the hand size.
Anthropometric data provides information on static dimensions of the human body in standard postures. Anthropometric measurement of human limbs plays an important role in design of workplace, clothes, hand tools, and many products for human use. To design any product for human use, human factors engineers/ergonomists have to rely on anthropometric data, otherwise, the output product may turn out to be a non-ergonomically designed product or the product may turn out to be ergonomically incompatible. The interaction of handle size and shape with the kinematics and anthropometry of the hand have a great effect on hand posture and grip strength. The process of designing and selecting the hand tools to provide a better fit for the user lies on the shoulders of human factor engineers /ergonomists. Poor ergonomic hand tool design is a well-known factor contributing to biomechanical stresses and increasing the risk of cumulative trauma and carpal tunnel syndrome disorders of workers. Hand anthropometry is useful for determining various aspects of industrial machineries, so as to design the equipment and machines for higher efficiency and more human comfort.
Handwriting is an important skill for school-aged children and there is clear relationship between pencil grip posture and handwriting skills. Ergonomic factors like pencil grip, paper position, sitting posture for writing, upper extremity stability and mobility, should be considered with the purpose of effectively promoting efficient handwriting skills. Ergonomically designed hand tools can reduce user discomfort, biomechanical stresses, and risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms and injuries in hands. Furthermore, by improving the quality and usability of hand tools, it is possible to improve efficiency and work productivity. Using an ergonomic pen is an effective solution to reduce upper limbs musculoskeletal disorders. Using a pen with ergonomic design, especially from childhood, can cause to create a right grip posture for writing and improves the pen grip posture among older people. By getting upper limbs at neutral posture, writing is more comfortable lower chance of hand injuries.
Given the above, the aims of this study were to design, fabricate and evaluate a new type of pen to improve the posture of the wrists, hands, and fingers, and enhance writers’ comfort.

This interventional study was carried out in the Department of Ergonomics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from October 2013 to May 2014. The study consisted of 3 phases, including:a) Designing an ergonomic pen: by reviewing the literature and evaluating the features of the available pens, the idea of the design of a new pen was formed. The features, such as optimal grip, attractive and desirable form, reducing contact stress and muscles fatigue, as well as adapting to hand size for everybody, were focused in the design process.
b) Fabricating the model and the prototype of the pen based on anthropometric data:the anthropometric parameters of hand that were considered in the design of the pen included: the length of the thumb, the index finger, the middle finger, and hand thickness. The models of the pen were made by plaster. After modifying the details and layout of the pens, one size of the models was made from the final material. It should be mentioned that the prototype was designed and made just for right-handed people.
c) Assessment of some parameters of the new ergonomic pen: In the next step, the ultimate prototype with its final materials was assessed. A new pen made by a 3-dimensional printer and three common pens were compared by 28 subjects. The participants had no musculoskeletal symptoms in the upper limp. The data collection tools consisted of visual analog scales (VAS) and Borg’s rating physical effort scale. After the users performed the writing tasks by four pens, they were asked to rate comfort using the VAS. VAS is a 10-cm instrument, with values from zero representing extremely uncomfortable and to 10 indicating extremely comfortable. The physical exertion/stress felt by each user during the writing task was evaluated using Borg scale of 6-20. In this scale, the values near 20 and 6 represented more difficulty and more comfort, respectively. This scale has been used in a number of studies.Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and independent t-test using SPSS software version 21.

The means (SD) of age and duration of working with pen per day (Hrs) in the subjects studied were 22.17 (3.41) and 5.83 (1.22), respectively. In accordance with the basic idea, the pen was designed in five sizes for percentiles of 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 99th to cover at least 90% of the target group. The prototype was one size of the pen models that was printed by 3D printer. The highest mean (SD) of the users’ comfort was 8.35 (0.95) related to the newly designed pen. The results revealed a reduction in the users’ rating of perceived exertion while writing with the new pen.

In this study, a new type of pen was designed and fabricated to improve upper limb and hand postures while writing. According to findings of this study, the new pen helped correct the grip of hand while writing. The results of this study showed that the ergonomically designed pen was more comfortable to use. Also, it exerted less physical stress on tissues of hand compared to the other evaluated pens during writing. The new ergonomic pen with specific features (i.e., different form, and design in various sizes to provide more adaptation with hand) increased the users’ comfort and reduced the users’ physical exertion while writing. It is believed that using the new ergonomic pen can prevent and reduce wrist and hand musculoskeletal injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome and cramp in the long periods of time.