جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « cow manure » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution in the soil is one of the important problems in environmental studies. Thus, this research was conducted to evaluate the effect of iron slag, zeolite, and Piriformospora indica fungus on mazut biodegradation in a heavy metal‑polluted soil that was amended with cow manure under canola cultivation.

Treatments included application of zeolite (0% and 2% [W/W]) and iron slag enriched cow manure (0, 15, and 30 t/ha) in a mazut‑polluted soil (0%, 4%, and 8% [W/W]) under canola cultivation in the presence of P. indica. After 70 days, plants were harvested and the mazut biodegradation in the soil was measured. In addition, the soil and plant Pb and Cd concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Soil application of zeolite (2% [W/W]) in the mazut‑polluted soil (4% [W/W]) significantly increased the mazut biodegradation in the soil by 13.1%. In addition, plant inoculation with P. indica significantly increased the mazut biodegradation in the soil and decreased the plant Pb and Cd concentration. Soil application of cow manure at the rate of 15 and 30 t/ha has also increased the mazut biodegradation in the soil by 14.1% and 17.4%, respectively.

Using iron slag enriched cow manure and zeolite had additive effects of increasing the mazut biodegradation in the soil and decreasing the soil and plant heavy metal concentration. However, these changes depend on the plant physiology and soil physic‑chemical properties that should be considered in different studies.

The presence of pathogenic microbial agents and pathogens in organic fertilizers causes health problems and disease transmission.Therefore , the aim of this study was to identify bacterial and fungal species present in vermicompost production.
This experimental study was conducted in pilot scale in the laboratory of Public Health School in Shahid Sadooghi Univerity of Yazd. Sesame crust obtained from sesame pudding factory and cow manure mixed in three reactors with the dimension of 50 × 30 × 15 cm were used and went under the vermicompost process. Another reactor was also provided from cow manure as the control variable. Treatments were studied simultaneously during 60 days. Experiments were conducted to detect bacterial and fungal species.
Totally 18 species of negative-gram bacterial species, i.e., Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella Paratayfi A, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia alkali Fasyns, Klebsiella oxy-Toka, Ponomonya Klebsiella, Citrobacter frondii, Citrobacter Diorsus, Serratia Marsns, Hafnya Olovia, pseudomalle Burkholderia, Enterobacter Peinous, Enterobacter Anrogenious, Enterobacter de Solonos, as well as Neisseria polysakarya, and 3 positive-gram bacterial species, i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Isteria monocytogenes grew. Overally, a total of five fungi species; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium, Penicillium, yeasts, and Unknown fungal species grew.
The results of this study showed that presence of the organism in vermicompost depends on various factors, such as the action of enzymes of gut earthworms, coelomic fluid secretion, as well as competition between different groups of microorganisms

The present study aimed to investigate the microbial quality of the produced vermicomposts and compare them with the existing standards.
This experimental study was conducted as a pilot-scale one, in the laboratory school. some perishable domestic waste were mixed in a reactor, including food waste, vegetables and fruits, cow manure and sludge of wastewater treatment plant. Tests to determine the microbial quality of the product were carried out at an early stage, during the process of production and on the final product. These tests included determining the probable number of fecal coliform bacteria and parasite eggs.
According to the results of this study, a significant decrease was observed in the number of fecal coliforms in Sludge manure and domestic waste, as the number of fecal coliforms reduced from 5000000 (MPN / g), in the raw sample to 1500 (MPN / g), eight weeks after the outset. Moreover, according to the obtained results, the mixture of manure, sludge, and domestic waste had some parasite eggs (20 number /gr) in the raw samples. This amount was fully removed by the process of vermicomposting, during the third week.
Findings revealed that the earthworms have a high capability to reduce the pathogens without increasing in temperature, however, in order to standardize the number of coliforms (compost class A), the vermicomposting of the mixture of cow manure, domestic waste, and sludge of wastewater treatment plant is not appropriate.

 The objectives of this study were to determine the perchlorate concentrations in surface soils and assess feasibility of anaerobic bioremediation in full-scale for perchlorate-contaminated soils in a war zone. 

 Fifteen samples of surface soil were collected using a composite sampling method in the study area. The soil samples, after extraction and preparation, were analyzed by ion chromatography. Anaerobic composting technique (soil excavation, mixing with manure, transfer into treatment cell and cover with a 6-mil high-density polyethylene liner) considered to cleanup perchlorate-contaminated soil in a war zone. 

 The concentration of perchlorate in the soil surface samples ranged from 3 to 107.9 mg/kg, which is more than State advisory levels for residential and protection of domestic groundwater use pathway. This study indicates that technologies, skills, experience, raw materials (manure), lands, and machinery needed for implementation of full-scale composting, are available in the study area. 

 Based on the results, anaerobic composting technique could be considered as a feasible, viable and cost-effective alternative for perchlorate bioremediation in the study area. According to the available of techniques and skills, successful experiences of anaerobic composting in other countries, and potential of study area, The application of anaerobic composting is technically feasible and can be use for perchlorate contaminated soil cleanup in a zone war.