جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "cutaneous leishmaniasis" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a tropical and treatment-resistant disease which the range of treatment strategies based on effective plant substances has been expanded due to the side effects of standard druge. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the histopathological changes caused by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice treated with aqueous extract of garlic.

Methods:

 In this experimental study, which was conducted in 2018 at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bou Ali Sina University,, 36 female BALB/c mice with an average weight of 30g were equally divided into 6 groups and the standard strain of Leishmania major parasite was injected into 5 groups. Three groups were treated with aqueous garlic extract orally and topically, and three groups were treated as control, without treatment and received Glucantim as drug. The size of the wound in five groups were evaluated weekly, and after the 90-day of treatment, skin tissue around the wound, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver were taken for histopathologic evaluation. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of two-way analysis of variance (pvalue ≤ 0.05).

A significant reduction in wound size was observed in the groups receiving the garlic extract orally (p≤0.0001). The structures of the lymphoid organs differed in these two groups in inflammation, granuloma, and lymphocyte populations compared to the control groups and even to the group receiving garlic topical ointment, and the healing process was observed in them, also, wound healing was significantly accelerated in the group receiving oral garlic extract before parasite injection (p≤0.05). Histopathological changes in the group receiving garlic ointment also showed evidence of wound healing, but at the end of the treatment period, it was less effective than the group receiving oral garlic (p≤0.05).

The oral extract of garlic changes the inflammatory reactions in the wound site of cutaneous leishmaniasis towards repair and accelerates the healing process of the wound. Garlic extract compounds can be considered as a natural treatment option in treatment-resistant Leishmania infection.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a skin infection caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania and it transmitted by female phlebotomus mosquitoes. Military forces staff are part of vulnerable groups with high probability of contracting disease for reasons such as participating in military maneuver, deployment in border areas, outskirts of cities in endemic areas. Some studies show that the incidence rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis among military forces is higher than its incidence rate in the civilian population. The purpose of this study is to acquaint military forces with the epidemiology of the disease, clinical symptoms, vectors, reservoirs, and prevention and treatment methods that can prevent the disease.

Methods and Materials: 

This review article has been performed through searching in national and international reliable databases using cutaneous leishmaniasis, military forces, prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis, uniforms stained with poison, and skin diseases keywords. Moreover, this research has been done by selecting 76 related articles until April 2024.

The most important axis in the control of cutaneous leishmaniasis is camps and maneuver along with other disease control and prevention programs including vaccine and drug production, improving the environment, fighting the vector, exterminating rats, improving awareness about the disease, particularly the ways of transmission and prevention methods such as the importance of using clothes or uniforms impregnated with insect repellants, repellants ointment, insecticides, mosquito nets impregnated with poison and the methods of using them, especially in endemic areas. Having the necessary and correct information is the first and most basic step to take any appropriate behavior to prevent contracting this disease. Teaching preventive behaviors of biting the cutaneous leishmaniasis vector can not only protect people from contracting this disease, but also protect the military in the battle scene against other diseases that the enemy may use insects as biological weapons and disease transmission.

In order to prevent contracting this disease for the military forces stationed in the barracks of endemic areas or the forces sent to these areas, providing the necessary equipment and health education classes on the topics of enhancing awareness of the methods of disease transmission, the importance of using uniforms impregnated with poisons, using mosquito nets impregnated with poison, using appropriate insect repellants on the skin of the hands, face and uncovered parts of body, particularly during rest and dressing the affected area should be planned and implemented for prevention.

The most prevalent form of leishmaniasis is cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which manifests as a single ulcerative or nodular lesion that usually heals on its own. The aims of this study were to investigate the histopathologic and clinical features of CL patients.

This cross-sectional study was accomplished on 70 CL patients that referred to Razi dermatology hospital in Iran, over a five-year period from 2016 to 2020. Included patients were those who were diagnosed clinically suspected patients whom their disease was confirmed through histopathology examination.

The age of patients ranged from 2 to 76 years with a mean of 42.26 ± 20.86 years. The majority of patients were men (54.3%). The plaque form lesions were the most frequent type (64.3%). Respecting lesion site, face, and upper limbs were more frequent with the abundances of 47.1% and 34.3%, respectively. All of the patients had evidence of cellulitis on ultrasound. The most prevalent change of epidermis was hyperkeratosis (42.8%). Regarding dermal histopathologic changes, infiltration of lymphocytes (61.4%), plasma cells (58.6%), and histiocytes (48.6%), as well as granuloma formation (54.3%) and leishman body presence (54.3%) were the dominant changes. Some patients had atypical forms of CL as six of them had lupoid cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) and five had sporotrichoid cutaneous leishmaniasis (SCL).

In this study, men and those who were in middle age were more susceptible to be infected, so it suggests considering them particularly in the preventive programs. Moreover, histopathological findings of CL, including LCL and SCL, are presented. These findings may be beneficial for dermatologists and dermatopathologists to differentiate them from other cutaneous diseases.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected public health problem in developing countries including Iran. CL is caused by different species of Leishmania parasites and results in morbidity and complications in patients with active lesions. Since protozoa are intracellular parasites, cellular immunity plays an essential role in controlling the infection. Cellular immunity is induced immediately after the infection and persists for many years after recovery. Studies over the past decades have identified the important role of CD4+ T cells and their T-helper subtypes in the immune response to CL. Finding antigens capable of producing Th1-dominant immune responses can play an effective role in preventing CL. This study examines the protective role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a critical enzyme for protozoan survival and reproduction. The potential of targeting PEPCK for the development of novel prevention strategies against Chagas disease is explored. Detailed findings presented herein underscore the critical role of PEPCK as an immunogenic antigen in parasite metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and energy homeostasis. Notably, the elimination of PEPCK alters parasite metabolic activity and attenuates Leishmania pathogenicity. These results position PEPCK as a promising vaccine candidate and therapeutic target for CL, pending further validation.Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected public health problem in developing countries including Iran. CL is caused by different species of Leishmania parasites and results in morbidity and complications in patients with active lesions. Since protozoa are intracellular parasites, cellular immunity plays an essential role in controlling the infection. Cellular immunity is induced immediately after the infection and persists for many years after recovery. Studies over the past decades have identified the important role of CD4+ T cells and their T-helper subtypes in the immune response to CL. Finding antigens capable of producing Th1-dominant immune responses can play an effective role in preventing CL. This study examines the protective role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a critical enzyme for protozoan survival and reproduction. The potential of targeting PEPCK for the development of novel prevention strategies against Chagas disease is explored. Detailed findings presented herein underscore the critical role of PEPCK as an immunogenic antigen in parasite metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and energy homeostasis. Notably, the elimination of PEPCK alters parasite metabolic activity and attenuates Leishmania pathogenicity. These results position PEPCK as a promising vaccine candidate and therapeutic target for CL, pending further validation.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infectious disease that accounts for approximately one million new cases annually. The treatment of this disease is complex and costly, particularly in developing countries. Numerous studies have been conducted on various vaccines utilizing live attenuated parasites, killed parasites, subunit antigens, recombinant vaccines, and DNA technology. However,  an effective and widely applicable preventive vaccine for leishmaniasis has not yet been developed. Present study aimed  to examine the progress in the development of leishmaniasis vaccines. Articles for this study were selected from the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases using relevant keywords, focusing on subject matter, scientific quality, and publication date, with an emphasis on more recent publications. Research on the development of leishmaniasis vaccines indicates that several candidates, such as Leishmune, CaniLeish, and Leish-Tec, which are at various stages of clinical trials, may serve as suitable options for controlling and preventing leishmaniasis in dogs. The LeishChim vaccine, designed using immunoinformatics and molecular docking techniques, has shown promising efficacy results in mouse studies. Additionally, the mutant gene-centered LmCen-/- vaccine has completed Phase 1 clinical trials in humans. Given the importance of developing a leishmaniasis vaccine, research in this area continues. Utilizing immunoinformatics and biological modeling studies can aid in the faster identification of effective vaccine candidates.

Leishmania is one of the indigenous diseases of Iran, which is endemic in 18 provinces of the country. It is necessary to carry out an educational intervention to promote the preventive behaviors of this disease in endemic areas. The present study was designed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on the preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in male students. 

This study was conducted using a randomized controlled trial on 80 male students of the First secondary level school in Shahin shahr in 2022. The students were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Data were collected based on a standard questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model. Questionnaire was completed before, immediately and three months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software and statistical tests of repeated analysis of variance, independent t-test and post hoc Ben Feroni. Significance level was considered at 0.05.

Before the educational intervention, the two groups were similar in terms of demographic information and the scores of the constructs of the HBM (p>0.05). Immediately and three months after the educational intervention, the mean scores of the constructs of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, behavior and perceived benefits increased significantly in the intervention group (p>0.05), but there were not a statistically significant difference in the constructs of perceived barriers and cues to action (p>0/05).

The results of the present study showed the effect of educational intervention based on the preventive behaviors of Cutaneous leishmaniasis in male students. Of course, due to the lack of impact of the intervention on the perceived barriers, it is necessary to pay attention to non-educational interventions such as allocating subsidies for the purchase of protective equipment, especially in deprived areas, in addition to educational interventions.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a significant endemic diseases in Iran, leading to skin lesions, lifelong scars, and social stigma. This study aims to investigate the influence of climatic and ecological factors on the prevalence of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran.

This study employed a narrative review approach. A comprehensive search was conducted using key terms such as 'skin Leishmaniasis', 'cutaneous Leishmaniasis', 'climatic factors,' and 'environmental factors' in both national and international databases. All relevant research was included without limitations on location, time, or research methodology.

The initial search yielded 823625 articles. After refining the search keywords and conducting initial screening, 184 studies remained following the removal of duplicate articles. Subsequent screening for eligibility further narrowed down the selection to 30. The inclusion of 6 master theses brought the final number of studies for review to 36. A review of the studies showed a significant association between certain climatic factors, including temperature, humidity, hours of sunshine, and rainfall, and the incidence of cutaneous Leishmaniasis, across various geographical regions in the country. The relationship between factors such as vegetation, wind, and the number of disease cases had different results in different parts of the country.

The results of the present study show the effect of climatic and environmental factors on the rate of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the country. Considering that the effect of these factors is not the same in all parts of the country, it is necessary to implement effective preventive measures to reduce the disease burden according to the needs of each geographical area.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most important endemic diseases in Iran and the second most frequently transmitted arthropod-borne parasitic disease after malaria, which is seen in two kinds of urban and rural areas. Importantly, there are various focal points of cutaneous leishmaniasis disease in Iran. One of the most important focal points is Damghan. The study was conducted to determine the incidence and trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Damghan town during 2011–2021 and its forecast up to 2026.

In this cross-sectional study, 3222 definite cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis recorded from 2011 to 2021 by the vice-chancellor for health at Semnan University of Medical Sciences were entered. All statistical analyses were done using Minitab software version 14. SARIMA (1, 0, 0) (0, 1, 1)12 was used to predict the number of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the next 5 years.

By investigating the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis from 2010 to 2021, an epidemic occurred in 2019. 3222 definite cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, 1938 cases (60%) were men. 57% of the cases said that the place where they were bitten was the village. Interestingly, the most frequent age group was 15 years and older (86%). Hands and feet were the most common sites of ulcers. The highest disease prevalence was observed in September, October, and November. The number of predicted cases in the next five years was 2265.

By investigating the eleven-year trend of this disease, and predicting the number of 2,265 people suffering from this disease in the next five years in the most optimistic state (do not have an epidemic like in 2019), it indicates that the policymakers of the health system should take control measures in prevention, Diagnosis, and treatment should pay attention to reduce the burden of the disease imposed on the individual and the health system and society.