جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « dental caries » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 This in vitro study was conducted to assess the phototoxic effects of curcumin, nanocurcumin, and erythrosine on the viability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in suspension and biofilm forms.

 Various concentrations of curcumin (1.5 g/L, 3 g/L), nano-curcumin (3 g/L), and erythrosine (100 μM/L, 250 μM/L) were examined for their impact on planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. mutans, either individually or in conjunction with light irradiation (photodynamic therapy or PDT). A blue light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 450 nm served as the light source. The results were compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) as the positive control, and a solution containing neither a photosensitizer (PS) nor a light source as the negative control group. The dependent variable was the number of viable microorganisms per experiment (CFU/mL).

 Antimicrobial PDT caused a significant reduction in the viability of S. mutans in both planktonic and biofilm forms, compared to the negative control group (P<0.05). The highest cell killing was observed in PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L or erythrosine 250 μmol/L, although the difference with PDT groups using curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 μmol/L was not significant (P>0.05). Antimicrobial treatments were more effective against planktonic S. mutans than the biofilm form.

 PDT with either curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 μmol/L may be suggested as an alternative to CHX to inactivate the bacteria in dental plaque or deep cavities. Nanocurcumin, at the selected concentration, exhibited lower efficacy in killing S. mutans compared to Curcumin or erythrosine.

Tribulus terrestris (TT) extract has shown good antibacterial activity against some bacteria. However, there are limited data on its cariogenic properties. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of TT extract against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sorbinus), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) as the important cariogenic bacteria.

This study was designed in an experimental model (in vitro). Phytochemical tests were carried out to detect herbal compounds in the TT extract. Agar well diffusion was performed to compare the extract (500–62.5 mg/mL) with different concentrations of chlorhexidine (2–0.25 mg/mL). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the TT extract and chlorhexidine were also determined. The lowest concentration showing ≥50% inhibition of biofilm formation (MBIC50) was determined using crystal violet assay. Further, the time‑kill assay (Log of CFU/mL) was performed, and acid production (pH) was measured at 1 × MIC concentration in 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. Data analysis conducted using SPSS software (v26, IBM) involved One‑way analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc tests, and t‑test to compare concentrations and groups. Significance level is set at 0.05.

The TT extract mostly consisted of flavonoids. Its inhibition zones in the well diffusion test were statistically comparable with chlorhexidine in some concentrations (P > 0.05). The MIC of the TT extract was 15.625 mg/mL for all tested bacteria, whereas the MBC ranged from 31.25 to 62.5 mg/mL. Further, the MBIC50 ranged from 7.8125 to 15.625 mg/mL for the extract. Time‑kill assay showed that the bactericidal activity of the TT extract lasted for 8, 12, and 2 h for S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and L. acidophilus, respectively. The acid production decreased obviously after 8 h.

The TT extract showed good time‑dependent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, as well as acid production inhibition, against cariogenic bacteria in laboratory experiments.

Dental caries stands as one of the most prevalent dental concerns, with early diagnosis being pivotal in clinical dentistry. Cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT) emerges as a widely utilized modality for dental caries identification, owing to its significant advantages. However, there remains a considerable knowledge gap regarding the efficacy of CBCT scans in detecting dental caries. In line with the as low as reasonably achievable principle, this study endeavors to evaluate the impact of amalgam fillings on the precision of occlusal caries detection in CBCT.

This in vitro study employed a set of 102 extracted human teeth samples. Among these, six molar teeth were used to create mesial‑occlusal‑distal amalgam restorations. The remaining teeth were placed in the dental sockets of a dry human skull to restore proximal contacts. CBCT images were obtained and examined by two observers, while histopathological examination was conducted using a stereomicroscope. Comparative analysis of CBCT images and histopathological data was performed using the McNemar test in SPSS software (α = 0.05).

The McNemar test results indicated that the nonrestoration group showed greater sensitivity and lower specificity in CBCT imaging than the amalgam‑restored tooth group.

The findings suggested that the CBCT technique did not demonstrate effectiveness in diagnosing dental caries around amalgam restorations.

Oral health is imperative for holistic well-being, transcending dental considerations. Analyzing hygiene practices in diverse areas facilitates strategic health planning. This study evaluated and compared oral health and behaviors among male students aged 13-15 years old attending both central and suburban high schools in Zahedan, Iran. This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted during the 2019-2020 school year on 260 male students aged 13-15 in Zahedan, Iran. The study had 130 students in the suburban (case) group and 130 in the central (control) group. Oral health status was measured using Decay, Missing, Filling, Teeth (DMFT) Index and the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). A questionnaire was used to assess behaviors. Statistical analyses included Independent Samples t-Test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test. The prevalence of dental caries was similar between the groups (P=0.31), but the case group had a significantly higher prevalence of periodontal involvement (P=0.03). The mean DMFT index was higher in the case group (P=0.05), and the distribution of DMFT scores differed significantly between the two groups (P=0.02). There was a significant difference in the CPI index of the two study groups (P=0.0001). Oral health behaviors revealed that the case group had a higher frequency of not brushing teeth and using alternative cleaning methods compared with the control group. Our findings indicated that students from the suburban area of Zahedan had poorer oral health status and weaker oral health behaviors compared with the students from the central city. These results underscored the importance of considering regional disparities in oral health and hygiene practices when developing targeted health initiatives for the local population.

Dental anxiety is an unpleasant reaction to fear or stress related to the dental environment and can be observed in both parents and children as dental patients. Despite several studies challenging the significance of parental anxiety in influencing a child's response to dental treatment, conflicting results have emerged regarding the impact of both parental and children's anxiety on the development of dental caries.

This study aimed to explore the association between parental and children's dental anxiety and the occurrence of dental caries in children.

A cross-sectional study involving 7 - 12-year-old students and their parents in schools of Rasht, Iran, utilized the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) for parents and the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) questionnaire for children. Participants were chosen through a multistage sampling process. A trained dentist assessed children's dental caries using the DMFT/dmft (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) Index. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and linear regression.

The study included 275 parents and an equal number of children, with a mean child age of 9.32 ± 1.85 years. The findings indicated a significant relationship between maternal dental anxiety and DMFT + dmft scores in boys (P = 0.049). The study revealed that the number of teeth with caries experience (P = 0.023), child's sex (P = 0.007), history of dental clinic visits (P = 0.045), and maternal dental anxiety (P = 0.043) significantly influenced the child's dental anxiety.

Children with anxious parents showed lower DMFT/dmft values, suggesting increased attention to their dental health. The study highlights the impact of parental dental anxiety on children's oral well-being and emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies to address dental anxiety in both parents and children.

 Literature has reported high caries prevalence and unmet dental treatment needs among disabled individuals. This study was carried out to assess the oral health condition of disabled students in relation to age, gender, and type of disability in Tehran, Iran.

 The study involved 1,170 disabled students aged 6 to 20 years, each with one or more of the following disabilities: physical retardation (PR), hearing impairment (HI), visual impairment (VI), mental retardation (MR), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth index was used as an oral health indicator (dmft for children aged 6-12 years, and DMFT for children older than 9 years). Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests at significant level of 0.05 were conducted for comparisons.

Mental retardation (MR) was the most prevalent disability (59.4%). The decayed component constituted the largest part of the mean dmft (82%) and DMFT (75%) indices in all age groups. Girls had significantly higher DMFT scores compared to boys (P < 0.001). Among the different disabilities, children with HI had the highest dmft score (mean ± SD = 2.17 ± 2.86), while those with MR had the highest DMFT score (mean ± SD = 3.76 ± 3.83). Additionally, the caries-free ratio was significantly higher among VI students in the 9-12 years (40.5%) and older than 13 years (38.8%) age groups.

 The high prevalence of untreated dental caries, particularly among those with HI and MR, points to significant unmet treatment needs and emphasizes the importance of regular dental check-ups and access to dental care. These results underscore the critical need for improved oral health services and preventive programs tailored to the specific needs of disabled students.

Dietary patterns affect different aspects of overall health, especially oral and dental status. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and nutritional status using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) among health care workers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on a population participating in the first phase of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Employees’ Health Cohort Study (SUMS-EHCS) from August 2018 to the end of March 2019. Demographic data, occupational status, DMFT index, AHEI index using the semi-quantitative food frequencyquestionnaire (FFQ) were determined. The relationship between DMFT and AHEI-2010 was assessed too. Totally, 1,116 SUMS-EHCS participants (mean age of 41.55±6.81 years, 52.9% female) were enrolled. The mean DMFT and AHEI-2010 were 10.46±5.45 and 65.23±13.05, respectively. A significant inverse linear relationship between DMFT and AHEI-2010 was observed (Spearman’s rho: -0.060; p=0.04). In addition, the multiple linear regression showed that DMFT index to be significantly decreased when AHEI-2010 increased [coefficient: -0.048 (95% confidence interval: -0.088, -0.008); p=0.01]. Moreover, according to multiple quantile regression, the significant inverse relationship between AHEI-2010 and DMFT could be generalized to the 50th quantile of DMFT, in which with every 10-unit increase in AHEI-2010 resulted in a decrease in DMFT by 0.41 teeth (p=0.006). Greater adherence to AHEI-2010 may improve oral health. Moreover, lower age and sufficient educational level was related to a higher DMFT score.

The prevalence of enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets is high. This study investigated the effects of CO2 laser and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on enamel white spot lesions (WSLs).

In this in vitro study, 60 human premolars were stored in a demineralizing solution for 12 weeks to induce WSLs, and divided into four groups (n=15) of no surface treatment (control), CPP-ACP paste application for 4 minutes/day for one week, and CO2 laser (10 mJ, 200 Hz, 10 s) with/without CPP-ACP paste. The teeth were then immersed in artificial saliva for 90 days while being subjected to daily fluoride mouthwash and weekly brushing. Tooth color was measured at baseline, after demineralization, after the interventions, and after 90 days of storage. The Vickers microhardness of the teeth was measured at the enamel surface and 30-, 60-, and 90-µm depths. Data were analyzed by one-way and repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test. 

No significant difference was found among the four groups concerning color change, and all groups had clinically detectable discoloration after remineralization. Laser irradiation through CPP-ACP paste caused a significant increase in microhardness compared to CPP-ACP alone and the control group (P<0.05). Microhardness at 30-, 60- and 90-µm depths was also significantly greater in laser/CPP-ACP compared to other groups (P=0.0001).

Application of fractional CO2 laser with/without CPP-ACP paste was not effective in improving the color of WSLs. However, application of CO2 laser through CPP-ACP may be suggested for rehardening of demineralized enamel.

One of the most challenging issues in the field of dentistry is to decide whether to preserve or extract a compromised tooth with subgingival caries/crown fractures. Several patient-related factors (i.e. biological, behavioral, or financial factors), tooth-related factors (i.e.periodontal, endodontic, or restorative factors), and the role of the tooth in the overall treatment plan should be considered to make the most accurate decision. This article has focused on the decision-making process related to the management of compromised teeth with subgingival caries/crown fractures. Based on the current scientific evidence and clinical experience of the authors, an algorithm has been suggested to simplify this process of decision. In the first step, compromised teeth were classified as single-root or multi-root groups. “Crown-to-root ratio” (C/R ratio), and “apical extension of caries to the crestal bone” were considered the main clinical parameters in the decision-making process for single-root and multi-root teeth, respectively. We do not recommend restoring the compromised teeth if the C/R ratio is more than 1 (for single-root teeth) or if the extension of caries has reached the alveolar bone crest (for multi-root teeth). For maintainable single-root teeth, there are three treatment options to provide space for the re-establishment of supracrestal soft tissue attachment (previously named as biologic width) between the future restorative margin and underlying crestal bone. These approaches include: surgical crown lengthening (SCL), orthodontic forced eruption (OFE), and deep marginal elevation (DME). For multi-root teeth, SCL and DME are usually the procedures of choice. Multi-root teeth are not amenable to OFE due to the heavy orthodontic forces needed for extrusion. We also discussed the indications and limitations related to each treatment option. Further studies should be conducted to evaluatethe external validity of this decisiontree.

Various methods, including the use of probiotics, have been suggested to prevent caries. Caries, which is mainly caused by Streptococcus mutans, is one of the bacterial diseases that imposes a heavy cost on society. The present study was conducted to investigate the probiotic products available in Iranian pharmacies that are used for caries prevention.

In this double‑blind randomized clinical trial, 40 students of medicine and pharmacy were randomly allocated to two equal groups of intervention and control using random allocation software. The intervention group used a probiotic pill containing Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12 bacteria every night before going to bed. The control group used a mouth freshener tablet with the same flavor as the probiotic tablet every night before going to bed. The data were analyzed by SPSS (version 24) software using descriptive statistics (central tendency and dispersion) and inferential statistics (paired t‑test and independent t‑test). Data were collected using Excel software, and statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software (version 24).

The mean number of S. mutans in the intervention group was 754.5 cfu/mm before the intervention and 1701.5 cfu/mm after the intervention, which showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In the control group, the mean S. mutans was 683 cfu/mm at the beginning of the intervention and 659 cfu/mm at the end of the intervention, which did not indicate a statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Moreover, the normality of data was checked by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.

The mean number of S. mutans bacteria in the group using probiotic tablets was significantly increased compared to those of the control group. However, further studies are suggested to evaluate these products.

Pregnant women have poor knowledge of oral hygiene during pregnancy. One problem with the follow‑up of dental caries in this group is zero accumulation in the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, for which some models must be used to achieve valid results. The studied population may be heterogeneous in longitudinal studies, leading to biased estimates. We aimed to assess the impact of oral health education on dental caries in pregnant women using a suitable model in a longitudinal experimental study with heterogeneous random effects.

This longitudinal, experimental research was carried out on pregnant women who visited medical centers in Tehran. The educational group (236 cases) received education for three sessions. The control group (200 cases) received only standard training. The DMFT index assessed oral and dental health at baseline, 6 months, and 24 months after delivery. The Chi‑square test was used for comparing nominal variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for ordinal variables. The zero‑inflated Poisson (ZIP) model was applied under heterogeneous and homogeneous random effects using R 4.2.1, SPSS 26, and SAS 9.4. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

Data from 436 women aged 15 years and older were analyzed. Zero accumulation in the DMFT was mainly related to the filled teeth (51%). The heterogeneous ZIP model fitted better to the data. On average, the intervention group exhibited a higher rate of change in filled teeth over time than the control group (P = 0.021).

The proposed ZIP model is a suitable model for predicting filled teeth in pregnant women. An educational intervention during pregnancy can improve oral health in the long‑term follow‑up.

Dental caries is a serious public health problem significantly affecting oral health. Though there have been many advancements in treating dental caries, complete prevention of dental caries is still beyond reach. Several risk factors are associated with caries formation and progression. Previous studies have been conducted on dental caries and the efficiency of diagnosis using subjective and objective methodologies. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the contradictions in results of subjective and objective interpretations. A descriptive study was carried out in the clinical setting of rural areas near Chengalpattu. Using convenience sampling, 285 samples were collected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria within the age range of 7–20 years. The subjects were selected from the Outpatient Department of Karpaga Vinayaka Institute of Dental Sciences. . American Dental Association (ADA) questionnaires were used for subjective caries risk assessment, unstimulated salivary samples were collected to measure salivary pH for objective caries risk assessment, and DMFT and def indices were measured for reference. After data collection, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Chi-square and Pearson correlation tests were performed to find the statistical differences, and a correlation was found between subjective and objective assessment results. In this study, the correlation between objective risk assessment based on salivary pH and actual caries status was slightly better (r = 0.159) than other risk assessment methods (r = 0.050). Moreover, a negative correlation was found between subjective and objective caries risk assessment (r = - 0.062). The study findings show a negative correlation between subjective and objective assessment. Objective caries risk assessment using salivary pH was positively correlated with actual caries status.

This study explores the biosynthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Equisetum ramosissimum Desf as both a reducing and stabilizing agent and evaluates its antibacterial activity against cariogenic streptococcus mutans.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using UV-VIS, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, DLS, and Zeta potential analyses. Antibacterial activity against S. mutans was evaluated via the agar well diffusion method.

Optical analysis revealed an absorption peak within the 307–314 nm range, suggesting a bandgap value of 3.04–3.37 eV. FTIR analysis confirmed Ce-O stretching vibrations and bonds with phytochemicals from the E.ramosissimum Desf extract on the nanoparticle surfaces. XRD showed a cubic fluorite structure with a crystalline size of 5.99–11.74 nm. FESEM imaging depicted uniform, nearly spherical nanoparticles with estimated sizes ranging from 22 to 31 nm. The EDX spectrum indicated the presence of cerium and oxygen signals, affirming the purity of the fabricated nanoparticles. DLS results corroborated the average nanoparticle size (28.11–54.61 nm), in agreement with FESEM findings and zeta potential values (-11.4 to 29.2 mV) indicating moderate stability of nanoparticles. Antibacterial assays showed significant inhibition zones (20–32 mm) against S. mutans.

The green-synthesized CeO2-NPs exhibit promising antimicrobial efficacy against S. mutans, suggesting their potential for dental applications. Furthermore, employing plant extract for cerium salt reduction presents a promising avenue for reducing the environmental impact associated with chemical synthesis.