جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « dental caries » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

One of the most challenging issues in the field of dentistry is to decide whether to preserve or extract a compromised tooth with subgingival caries/crown fractures. Several patient-related factors (i.e. biological, behavioral, or financial factors), tooth-related factors (i.e.periodontal, endodontic, or restorative factors), and the role of the tooth in the overall treatment plan should be considered to make the most accurate decision. This article has focused on the decision-making process related to the management of compromised teeth with subgingival caries/crown fractures. Based on the current scientific evidence and clinical experience of the authors, an algorithm has been suggested to simplify this process of decision. In the first step, compromised teeth were classified as single-root or multi-root groups. “Crown-to-root ratio” (C/R ratio), and “apical extension of caries to the crestal bone” were considered the main clinical parameters in the decision-making process for single-root and multi-root teeth, respectively. We do not recommend restoring the compromised teeth if the C/R ratio is more than 1 (for single-root teeth) or if the extension of caries has reached the alveolar bone crest (for multi-root teeth). For maintainable single-root teeth, there are three treatment options to provide space for the re-establishment of supracrestal soft tissue attachment (previously named as biologic width) between the future restorative margin and underlying crestal bone. These approaches include: surgical crown lengthening (SCL), orthodontic forced eruption (OFE), and deep marginal elevation (DME). For multi-root teeth, SCL and DME are usually the procedures of choice. Multi-root teeth are not amenable to OFE due to the heavy orthodontic forces needed for extrusion. We also discussed the indications and limitations related to each treatment option. Further studies should be conducted to evaluatethe external validity of this decisiontree.

Various methods, including the use of probiotics, have been suggested to prevent caries. Caries, which is mainly caused by Streptococcus mutans, is one of the bacterial diseases that imposes a heavy cost on society. The present study was conducted to investigate the probiotic products available in Iranian pharmacies that are used for caries prevention.

In this double‑blind randomized clinical trial, 40 students of medicine and pharmacy were randomly allocated to two equal groups of intervention and control using random allocation software. The intervention group used a probiotic pill containing Streptococcus salivarius M18 and K12 bacteria every night before going to bed. The control group used a mouth freshener tablet with the same flavor as the probiotic tablet every night before going to bed. The data were analyzed by SPSS (version 24) software using descriptive statistics (central tendency and dispersion) and inferential statistics (paired t‑test and independent t‑test). Data were collected using Excel software, and statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software (version 24).

The mean number of S. mutans in the intervention group was 754.5 cfu/mm before the intervention and 1701.5 cfu/mm after the intervention, which showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In the control group, the mean S. mutans was 683 cfu/mm at the beginning of the intervention and 659 cfu/mm at the end of the intervention, which did not indicate a statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Moreover, the normality of data was checked by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.

The mean number of S. mutans bacteria in the group using probiotic tablets was significantly increased compared to those of the control group. However, further studies are suggested to evaluate these products.

Pregnant women have poor knowledge of oral hygiene during pregnancy. One problem with the follow‑up of dental caries in this group is zero accumulation in the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, for which some models must be used to achieve valid results. The studied population may be heterogeneous in longitudinal studies, leading to biased estimates. We aimed to assess the impact of oral health education on dental caries in pregnant women using a suitable model in a longitudinal experimental study with heterogeneous random effects.

This longitudinal, experimental research was carried out on pregnant women who visited medical centers in Tehran. The educational group (236 cases) received education for three sessions. The control group (200 cases) received only standard training. The DMFT index assessed oral and dental health at baseline, 6 months, and 24 months after delivery. The Chi‑square test was used for comparing nominal variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for ordinal variables. The zero‑inflated Poisson (ZIP) model was applied under heterogeneous and homogeneous random effects using R 4.2.1, SPSS 26, and SAS 9.4. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

Data from 436 women aged 15 years and older were analyzed. Zero accumulation in the DMFT was mainly related to the filled teeth (51%). The heterogeneous ZIP model fitted better to the data. On average, the intervention group exhibited a higher rate of change in filled teeth over time than the control group (P = 0.021).

The proposed ZIP model is a suitable model for predicting filled teeth in pregnant women. An educational intervention during pregnancy can improve oral health in the long‑term follow‑up.

This study explores the biosynthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Equisetum ramosissimum Desf as both a reducing and stabilizing agent and evaluates its antibacterial activity against cariogenic streptococcus mutans.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using UV-VIS, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, DLS, and Zeta potential analyses. Antibacterial activity against S. mutans was evaluated via the agar well diffusion method.

Optical analysis revealed an absorption peak within the 307–314 nm range, suggesting a bandgap value of 3.04–3.37 eV. FTIR analysis confirmed Ce-O stretching vibrations and bonds with phytochemicals from the E.ramosissimum Desf extract on the nanoparticle surfaces. XRD showed a cubic fluorite structure with a crystalline size of 5.99–11.74 nm. FESEM imaging depicted uniform, nearly spherical nanoparticles with estimated sizes ranging from 22 to 31 nm. The EDX spectrum indicated the presence of cerium and oxygen signals, affirming the purity of the fabricated nanoparticles. DLS results corroborated the average nanoparticle size (28.11–54.61 nm), in agreement with FESEM findings and zeta potential values (-11.4 to 29.2 mV) indicating moderate stability of nanoparticles. Antibacterial assays showed significant inhibition zones (20–32 mm) against S. mutans.

The green-synthesized CeO2-NPs exhibit promising antimicrobial efficacy against S. mutans, suggesting their potential for dental applications. Furthermore, employing plant extract for cerium salt reduction presents a promising avenue for reducing the environmental impact associated with chemical synthesis.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of "Embrace WetBond", a fluoride-releasing self-adhesive resin cement in preventing the development of white spot lesions (WSLs) during orthodontic treatment. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the dental records of 140 patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances in a private orthodontic clinic in Tehran, Iran. Patients were divided into two equal groups based on the type of adhesive used for bonding orthodontic attachments: Group 1 (control), Transbond XT and Group 2,  Embrace wetBond. The prevalence and severity of WSLs were assessed in all teeth from the first molar to the first molar of both jaws using post-treatment photographs. The data were analyzed by chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test and a P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The prevalence and severity of WSLs were significantly lower in the Embrace WetBond group compared to the Transbond XT group (P=0.02 and P=0.003). The difference in WSL prevalence between the maxilla and mandible was insignificant within each group (P>0.05). The highest prevalence of WSLs was in maxillary lateral incisors (21.4%) and mandibular first molars (15.7%) in the Transbond XT group and maxillary lateral incisors (7.1%) in the WetBond group. The findings of this study suggest that Embrace WetBond adhesive may effectively reduce the risk of WSL development in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. This fluoride-releasing self-adhesive resin cement can be considered a suitable alternative to traditional cement in orthodontic practice.

Statement of the Problem:

 It is essential to address caries risk at an early stage for the prevention of dental caries. Mobile application CaRisk is designed in a particular way to self-assess the dental caries risk by the individual’s themselves.

The current study aimed to assess the dental caries risk among age groups 5-6 and 35-44 using self-assessment caries risk mobile application CaRisk and compare it with the deft and DMFT values.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chennai, India; to evaluate the risk of dental caries in children aged 5 to 6 and adults aged 35 to 44. The scores of the mobile application CaRisk and the decayed- extracted- filled teeth (deft)/ decayed-missing-filled-teeth (DMFT) caries risk assessment were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were performed. The risk category was determined by frequency. Chi-square analysis was done to determine whether the DMFT scores and the CaRisk mobile app were associated. The correlation was performed between the CaRisk mobile application and DMFT scores.

Association was found between the caries risk assessment score of the mobile application CaRisk and the DMFT and deft scores of the adults and children for both the age groups 5-6 and 35-44 years respectively and it indicates that it was found to be statistically significant. Pearson’s correlation was performed to assess the strength of association and R-values obtained for the age group 5-6 and 35-44 years respectively, which was statistically significant (0.892 and 0.840).

This CaRisk mobile application scores correlate with the deft and DMFT scores and it is an effective self-diagnosis tool for assessing dental caries risk assessment. Further, it is suggested that the mobile application CaRisk should be tested among a huge population.

Literacy in oral health is essential for promoting and preventing oral health issues. Evaluating oral health literacy enables the identification of opportunities to implement interventions at both policy and practice levels, aiming to improve oral health outcomes for individuals and populations. This review aims to conduct a systematic review focused on the association between oral health literacy and oral conditions. 

The search strategy aimed to retrieve both published and unpublished literature. The databases searched include PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, EBSCO- APA PsycInfo, and Shodhganga. After the search, all retrieved citations were examined to determine whether they meet the inclusion requirements. When possible, quantitative data was combined and analysed through a meta-analysis. The methodological validity of the included studies was critically evaluated using the JBI critical evaluation tool. The effect size was provided as a risk ratio or odds ratio for dichotomous data, while standard mean differences was used to depict it for continuous data. Statistics were used to evaluate study heterogeneity. In cases where statistical pooling is not possible, the findings were reported descriptively.

This review incorporated data from 9,044 participants across 22 cross-sectional studies. The results indicated an association between inadequate oral health literacy and  individuals experiencing dental caries [OR: 0.36(95% CI 0.15,0.89) Thirteen studies, 4857 participants], Periodontal pocket [OR: 0.38 (95% CI 0.24, 0.62) five studies, 2651 participants], and tooth loss [OR: 0.57(95% CI 0.45,0.72) 2 studies, 1281 participants]. However, it's important to note that the studies included in this review were identified as having a high risk of methodological bias. 

Oral health Literacy is associated with poor oral health conditions; however, the quality of evidence is low.

 The efficacy of fluoride varnish in preventing dental caries has been well documented. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of four different fluoride varnish brands containing 5% sodium fluoride on the sound enamel of permanent teeth.

 In this experimental study, 40 sound human premolar teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (Fluorilaq®, FluoroDose®, Preventa®, Kimia®; N=10). Each tooth was sectioned into buccal and lingual halves, corresponding to the control and the experimental subgroups, respectively. In the experimental halves, a semi-circular shaped area of the enamel was treated with the designated fluoride varnish. All specimens underwent Acid Etch Enamel Biopsy. Fluoride and Calcium concentrations were measured using a Potentiometer and Inductively Coupled Plasma optical emission spectrometer, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA at P<0.05.

 There was a significant difference between the enamel fluoride content of experimental and control halves in all groups (P<0.05). Preventa® Fluoride varnish caused the highest Fluoride uptake, followed by FluoroDose®, Fluorilaq®, and Kimia®. All pair comparisons were statistically significant (P<0.05), except for Preventa® vs. FluoroDose® (P=0.36).

 Since all examined Fluoride varnishes increased the Fluoride content of the tooth enamel, they potentially qualify for caries prevention. Furthermore, Preventa® could be considered a good domestic alternative for other brands investigated in this research, in terms of enamel fluoride uptake.

It is well documented that India is an example of the unequal distribution of dental caries among different population groups, as higher prevalence and incidence have been reported among people with a low socioeconomic level. The objective of this review was to systematically map the scientific literature on the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on dental caries among adults, identify the research gaps in this area, and propose recommendations for future research.

This scoping review was conducted based on the updated framework recommended by Joanna Briggs Institute. Relevant studies undertaken in India were identified by searching Medline/PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. The search strategy was limited to journal articles published between January 2012 and October 2022. Titles and abstracts were screened, and full texts were reviewed by two reviewers independently. 

The scoping review comprised 7 cross-sectional studies and 1 cohort study. Most reviewed studies used the Kuppuswamy scale or its modifications to assess the SES. Four studies determined the caries status regarding mean values according to SES and reported higher DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) among the middle and lower-class SES. Three studies employed regression analysis to determine the association, and all found that the DMFT score was significantly associated with socioeconomic status.

The findings of this review confirm the existence of inequalities in caries experience in adults from different socioeconomic backgrounds. More high-quality and follow-up studies are needed to establish the magnitude of the scientific evidence regarding the association between socioeconomic status and dental caries among adults in India.

The oral health of children is adversely affected by mouth breathing. One of the main reasons for mouth breathing in children is adenoid hypertrophy. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the relationship between oral health and adenoid hypertrophy among children aged 8–15 years in the city of Babol.

This case-control study was conducted on 100 children. The case group included 50 children with adenoid hypertrophy. An Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist examined the children clinically and referred them to the oral and maxillofacial radiology clinic. The study control group included 50 healthy children. To assess the size of the adenoidal tissues and the dimensions of the upper airways, we assessed the linear cephalometric measurement Ptm-ad2. The evaluations consisted of the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT and dmft for permanent and primary teeth, respectively) index, mean periodontal pocket depth, plaque index (PI), and papillary marginal attached (PMA) index.

Fifty samples had adenoid hypertrophy. The prevalence of dental caries was significantly higher in children with adenoid hypertrophy compared to healthy children (DMFT was 4.10 ± 2.09 and 2.06 ± 0.97, and dmft was 3.52 ± 3.34 and 1.48 ± 1.24, in the case and control groups, respectively). Furthermore, the periodontal indices of the case group were significantly greater than those of the control group (periodontal pocket depth was 2.93 ± 0.35 and 1.98 ± 0.23, PI was 2.73 ± 0.26 and 1.13 ± 0.29, and the PMA index was 5.71 ± 0.82 and 2.55 ± 0.48, in the case and control groups, respectively).

In the case group, there was a statistically higher prevalence of dental caries and gingival inflammation than in the control group. Therefore, periodical dental visits and preventive dental procedures are recommended for children with adenoid hypertrophy.

Periodontal diseases are resulted from gum infections and dental plaques, which are mainly caused by the bacterial agents. Since dental monitoring includes important prognostic roles, the aim of this study was to detect the most common periodontal pathogenic bacteria in children.

A total of 200 clinical samples were collected from dental plaques and gingival grooves. Tar- get-specific primers were designed for hbpA in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, fimA in Porphyromonas gingivalis and 16S rRNA in Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Then, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method was optimized for the highlighted bacterial agents.

In general, the highest and the lowest bacterial prevalence rates belonged to Tannerella forsythia (88%) and Por- phyromonas gingivalis (13%), respectively. Furthermore, prevalence rates of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola were 25, 21 and 45% in samples, respectively.

There were significant associations between dental/oral health and microbial community. Metabolism of the oral bacteria, including biofilm formation, can affect gums and develop dental plaques and hence dental caries, especially in children. Early diagnosis of dental caries in children via rapid, accurate molecular methods can increase the diagnostic capacity in clinical cases and therefore prevent periodontal infections in adulthood.

This study assessed the effects of blue and Er:YAG lasers, fluoride varnish, and their combination on microhardness, and calcium and phosphorus content of demineralized enamel.

The primary Vickers microhardness of 28 third molars was measured and their enamel calcium and phosphorous content was quantified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. They were then randomly assigned to five groups of 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish, 445nm blue laser, Er:YAG laser, 5% NaF + 445nm blue laser, and 5% NaF + Er:YAG laser. The teeth then underwent pH-cycling to induce caries-like lesions. The surface microhardness of the teeth and the calcium and phosphorous content of demineralized enamel were measured again. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha=0.05).

NaF, NaF-diode laser, and NaF-Er:YAG laser groups experienced a significant increase in microhardness of demineralized enamel close to the baseline value (P<0.05). The efficacy of NaF-blue laser and NaF-Er:YAG laser was higher than NaF . In blue and Er:YAG laser groups, the mean final microhardness was significantly lower than the baseline microhardness. The percentage of phosphorus in all groups was similar to that of sound enamel. The percentage of calcium in NaF group was significantly lower than that of sound enamel and all other groups. The calcium content in other groups was similar to that of sound enamel.

Fluoride varnish had a synergistic effect with Er:YAG and blue lasers to increase the demineralized enamel microhardness; blue and Er:YAG lasers alone were less effective.