جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "dermatophyte" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Tinea favosa, a dermatophytic infection primarily caused by Trichophyton schoenleinii, remains a notable dermatological concern. It is characterized clinically by yellowish cup-shaped crusts on the scalp, and these lesions can result in scarring or non-scarring alopecia.

Three cases of severe tinea favosa transmitted by T. schoenleinii in Afghan immigrants residing in Iran are presented. The prevalence of tinea favosa has declined in Iran, although in some parts of Iran, mostly in the northern cities, the prevalence is still fairly high. Environmental and socioeconomic factors are the most common causes of these differences and elevated prevalence in specific northern cities.

The increasing trend of isolation of T. schoenleinii in the immigrant population in Iran should be considered a serious health problem that requires special attention, as it could be a potential source for the re-emergence of this dermatophytic infection in the region. This emerging trend necessitates specialized medical attention and raises broader questions about regional dermatological patterns and their consequences for public health. Tinea favosa epidemiology is subject to change due to shifting migration patterns, evolving socioeconomic conditions, increased international travel, and drug overuse. In light of these findings, we propose the following recommendations: We recommend training and educational programs for healthcare professionals, especially in regions with high immigrant populations, to enhance their ability to accurately diagnose and manage tinea favosa. We also recommend raising awareness about tinea favosa, its symptoms, and the importance of seeking timely medical attention. Targeting both immigrant communities and healthcare providers is crucial.

Dermatophytosis still remains a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the etiological and epidemiological factors of dermatophyte infections in Tehran, Iran.

A total of 1530 patients clinically suspected of cutaneous fungal infections were examined in two hospitals over a period of 10 years (2010–2020). Samples were analyzed using direct microscopic examination and culture. Data regarding age, gender, and clinical manifestations were also recorded.

Out of 1530 cases examined, dermatophytes were detected in 493 (32.2%) patients. Of these patients, 288 (58.4%) were males and 205 (41.6%) were females. The most affected age group was the 25–44 years old (31.6%). Tinea corporis (n=134) was the most prevalent type of ringworm, followed by tinea cruris (n=131), tinea pedis (n=90), tinea manuum (n=65), tinea unguium (n=29), tinea faciei (n=20), tinea capitis (n=18), and tinea barbae (n=2). Both tinea cruris (P<0.001) and tinea pedis (P=0.002) had a significant association with male gender. As for etiological agents, Trichophyton mentagrophytes (29.0%) was the most frequent isolate, followed by Trichophyton tonsurans (25.8%), Trichophyton rubrum (25.3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (6.9%), Trichophyton verrucosum (4.9%), Microsporum audouinii (4.5%), Microsporum canis (2.0%), and Trichophyton violaceum (1.6%).

Dermatophytes are still the prevailing causes of fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails in Iran. Further studies with larger samples sizes and inclusion of diverse locations would yield more accurate results.

Onychomycosis is caused by dermatophyte species, non- dermatophyte moulds (NDMs), and accounts for roughly 50% of all nail diseases. As the prevalence of onychomycosis is increasing, new epidemiologic documents may help with treatment and prevention. The present investigation aims to determine the epidemiological profile of onychomycosis in 2 mycology laboratories.

A cross-sectional study conducted during eight months (2019-2020) on 169 patients with positive nail mycology tests referred to two mycological laboratory centers affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Science. The nail clippings were examined by direct smear and culture. Also, molecular assays were performed if needed.

10% of nail lesions referred to Razi Hospital (RH), and 30% of nail lesions referred to TUMS mycology laboratory were positive. Middle age (40-60) suffer more from onychomycosis. Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Candida albicans were the most common etiologic agents in each of the three main classes of fungi causing onychomycosis. Females were more infected. NDMs were the predominant etiologic agents, and toenails were the most common site of onychomycosis.

The pattern of etiologic agents and clinical signs of onychomycosis differs according to geographical region and age, so repeated epidemiological surveys of onychomycosis seem to be fundamental.

The most common etiological agents of human dermatophytosis in various parts of the world are Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, and Epidermophyton floccosum. The main aim of this study was to design and evaluate a simple and straightforward multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)assay for reliable identification/differentiation of these species in clinical isolates.

The reliable sequences of several molecular targets of dermatophytes species were used to design a multiplex PCR for the identification of common pathogenic dermatophytes. The isolates and clinical specimens examined in this study included seven standard strains of dermatophytes, 101 isolates of dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte molds/yeasts which had already been identified by sequencing or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and 155 clinical samples from patients suspected of cutaneous mycoses.

Species-specific primer pairs for T. rubrum and T. interdigitale/T. mentagrophytes were designed based on the sequence data of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, and the primers for E. floccosum targeted the specific sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). The multiplex PCR successfully detected T.rubrum, T. interdigitale/T. mentagrophytes, and E. floccosum strains that were identified by sequencing or PCR-RFLP. However, the primer pairs selected for T. interdigitale/T. mentagrophytes cross-reacted with Trichophyton tonsurans. In testing the PCR system directly for clinical samples, the proportion of positive multiplex PCR was higher than positive culture (68.1% vs. 55.4%, respectively).

The multiplex assay could detect three common agents out of several causal agents of dermatophytosis, namely T. rubrum, T. interdigitale, and E. floccosum.Therefore, by adding pan-dermatophyte primers it can be used as a comprehensive detection/identification test.

Dermatophytosis is one of the most common fungal infections in humans. Antifungals such as fluconazole are effectively used for treating dermatophytosis; however, drug resistance was observed in many cases. Therefore, a newer treatment strategy is essential.

This study (Conducted in the Laboratory of the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018) evaluated the antifungal susceptibility of nano fluconazole compared to conventional fluconazole on dermatophyte isolates using CLSI M38-A2guidelines. Dermatophyte species isolated from clinical cases of dermatophytosis were identified using PCR sequencing techniques. Zeta potential and size of the nano particles containing fluconazole were measured; scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine nano particle structure.

The size of liposomal fluconazole obtained was 88.9  12.14 nm with –20.12  3.8 mV for zeta potential. The encapsulation rate for fluconazole was 75.1  4.2%. MIC50 for the three tested species was 32, 16, and 8 μg/ml for Trichophyton interdigitale, T. rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum isolates, respectively. The corresponding values for nano fluconazole were 8 μg/ml for the three tested species.

MIC value for nano-fluconazole was lower than conventional fluconazole in all dermatophytes species tested; therefore, nano-fluconazole could inhibit the growth of dermatophytes better than fluconazole at a lower concentration of the drug.

Tinea corporis is a superficial dermatophyte infection. This is a case report of a 45-year-old female presenting with a history of erythematous raised lesions with itching all over the body since one year ago. Based on clinical findings, the lesions were diagnosed as tinea corporis. A KOH smear was carried out and results were negative probably due to application of steroids, and a histopathological examination was done. On histopathological examination, the patient was proved to have dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The patient was successfully treated with oral itraconazole 200mg once a day and griseofulvin 250 mg once a day along with 2 % ketoconazole for topical application.

Dermatophytes as the causative agents of dermatophytosis (ringworm) are widely spread around the world. Accurate identification of dermatophytes in one area can be particularly important for epidemiological studies. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to describe the species spectrum of dermatophytes, isolated from patients in Mashhad city, Iran, using the molecular-based method.

This study was conducted on 79 dermatophyte isolates obtained from the human skin, hair, and nail specimens. Species identification was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions using MvaI restriction enzyme.

The identified species included Trichophyton mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale species complex (n=37, 46.8%), Epidermophyton floccosum (n=12, 15.2%), T. rubrum (n=8, 10.1%), Microsporum canis (n=8, 10.1%), T. violaceum (n=5, 6.3%), T. tonsurans (n=4, 5.1%), Nannizzia gypsea (n=3, 3.8%), T. benhamiae (n=1, 1.3%), and T. verrucosum (n=1, 1.3%). The clinical forms of infection were tinea corporis (n=26, 32.8%), tinea cruris (n=22, 27.8%), tinea capitis (n=10, 12.6%), tinea unguium (n=7, 9%), tinea manuum (n=6, 8%), tinea pedis (n=5, 6.3%), and tinea faciei (n=3, 3.5%).

As the findings indicated, T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale species complex had the highest prevalence, and T. benhamiae appeared to be a new emerging agent of dermatophytosis in Mashhad, northeastern Iran.

Tinea capitis is the most common superficial mycosis in children. This disease is a contagious infection with worldwide distribution and is occasionally associated with permanent alopecia. The treatment of this infection usually requires the administration of appropriate oral antifungal agents. The current study was conducted to evaluate the clinico-mycological profile of tinea capitis and compare the efficiency of oral griseofulvin and terbinafine in the treatment of this disease. This study was conducted on 69 patients, including 23 females (33.3%) and 46 males (66.7%), clinically suspected of tinea capitis. After the confirmation of tinea capitis diagnosis through direct examination, the subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of griseofulvin and terbinafine. Demographic data, clinical and mycological characteristics, and therapeutic outcome were recorded for both groups. According to the results, tinea capitis was more common in children younger than 15 years (73.9%), athletes (37.7%), and males (66.7%), and those with frontal involvement (34.8%), non-inflammatory type (68.1%), endothrix (69.6%), and Trichophyton tonsurans species (41.7%). The griseofulvin and terbinafine groups had the treatment success rates of 90.9% and 80.6%, respectively (P=0.311). The griseofulvin group had a shorter therapeutic course than the terbinafine group (P=0.129). Although our findings demonstrated that both griseofulvin and terbinafine were effective in the treatment of tinea capitis, griseofulvin showed a little higher efficacy in this regard. Consideration of some variables, such as age, associated risk factors, clinical type, hair involvement pattern, and dominant pathogenic species, is important in the determination of the drugs.

Dermatophytosis is known as one of the most frequent cutaneous infections that lead to public health problems to human and animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of human dermatophytosis due to zoophilic species in Tehran, Iran from 2014 to 2015. Overall, 3989 patients with clinically suspected fungal infections were studied. Samples of skin, hair, and nails were examined by direct examination and culture. Direct microscopic examination was performed by KOH 15% for skin, KOH and DMSO for nail clippings and lactophenol for hair. Specimens were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and mycobiotic agar. Of 3989 patients, 755 (19%) suffered from dermatophytosis. Out of isolated dermatophytes, 716 (94.8%) anthropophilic, 35 (4.6%) zoophilic and 4 (0.5%) were geophilic species. Among of 35 patients with zoophilic dermatophyte infections, 65.7% were female. The most common type of zoophilic dermatophytosis according to anatomical areas was tinea manuum (34.3%) followed by tinea faciei (22.9%), tinea pedis (20%). Trichophyton verrucosum (57.1%) was the most commonly causative agents of zoophilic dermatophyte infections followed by Microsporum canis (42.9%). Our study showed epidemiological trends in the etiology of the agents causing dermatophytosis have changed in Tehran. Although the prevalence of zoophilic species declined in recent years, due to the tendency of most people to change lifestyles and increased urbanization, promotion of public health care and identification of new preventive and therapeutic strategies are necessary.

Survival of dermatophytesinskin scales and nail scraps sampled from human lesions could have ecological and epidemiologicalimportance.The aim of this study was to store humanskin scale and nail lesions infected with dermatophyteagents,at -20°C for a long timeand to investigate the re-isolation rate of dermatophytes species from such samples after storage.
After referral to Medical Mycology Laboratory of Tehran University of Medical Science, the patients were subjected to sampling. Confirmation of dermatophytepositive result in direct smears was done with Potassium hydroxide, then culturing on Sabouraud dextrose agar media was performed, and species were identifiedusing standard procedures, and remaining samples were stored at -20°C. After 10 years, samples were re-examined for the presence and re-isolation of intended fungi according to the standard procedures.
From a total of 5 species enrolled in this study, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, andTricholosporumviolaceum survived, andTrichophyton rubrum andTrichophytonverrucosumlost their viability at -20°C after 10 years. There was a significant difference between the re-isolation rate and the type of dermatophytes (p Some dermatophytes species including E. floccosum are able to maintain their ability to survive for a long time in human scale samples in certain time and temperature conditions (10 years at -20 °C) and to grow in appropriate conditions. These findings should be considered in ecological and epidemiological studies.

Onychomycosis, the fungal infection of the toenails or fingernails, is caused by three major groups of fungi including dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophyte molds. The objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of onychomycosis and to identify the causative fungi during a one year period in Yazd, Iran.
From Apr 2013 to Apr 2014 a total of 273 patients with suspected dermatophytosis were included in this study. Nail-clipping specimens of 71 clinically diagnosed cases of onychomycosis were obtained for mycological examination (KOH preparation and fungal culture). Identification of mycelial isolates was based on morphological appearance and microscopic characteristic of the colony. Supplementary methods for identification of dermatophytes were employed. The species of yeasts were identified by germ-tube and chlamydospore test, as well as colony color on chromogenic CHROMagar Candida medium, and the assimilation profile in API 20C Aux system.
Of the 71 patients affected by nail disorders, 26 (36.6%) patients of onychomycosis including 54.9% male and 45.1% female (20 fingernails, 6 toenails) via direct examination and/or culture methods were diagnosed. saprophytic fungi were the most prevailing causative agents of onychomycosis and account for up to 69.2%(n=18) of cases, yeasts and dermatophytes were identified as causative agents of onychomycosis in 7 (26.9%) patients and 1 patient (3.8%), respectively. Distribution of fungal isolates was as follows: Aspergillus niger (26.9%), A. fumigatus (19.2%), Candida albicans (15.3%), A. flavus (11.5%), C. tropicalis (7.6%), Penicillium sp. (7.6%), C. dubliniensis (3.8%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (3.8%) and Fusarium sp. (3.8%).
Because of considerable prevalence of onychomycosis, necessity for a careful mycological examination in patients with nail disorders is highlighted.

Background and The epidemiological features of dermatophytoses have been characterized in many geographical locations of Iran, but not in Guilan, North of Iran. This study was carried out to determine the distribution pattern of dermatophytoses and their relevant agents in Guilan, North of Iran, over a period of one year, from April 2010 to April 2011.
The clinical samples of skin, hair, and nail from 889 outpatients (317 men vs. 572 women) were used for direct microscopy and culture. All the culture-positive samples were then subjected to amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear rDNA followed by a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay to verify the causative agents.
The infection was confirmed in 90 (44.3%) males and 113 (55.7%) females.The most common type of dermatophytoses was tinea cruris (42.9%), followed by tinea pedis (20.2%), tinea corporis (11.3%), tinea unguium (7.4%), tinea faciei (6.9%), tinea manuum (6.4%), and tinea capitis (4.9%). ITS-RFLP based of the identification of isolates, showed that the infections were significantly associated with anthropophilic species, of Trichophyton rubrum (41.9%), Epidermophyton floccosum (19.7%), T.tonsurans (5.4%), and T. violaceum (2%). Other causative agents were T. interdigitale (22.6%),Microsporum canis (4.9%), T. verrucosum (2.5%), and M. gypseum. (1%).
The higher prevalence of T. rubrum, as the agent of dermatophytoses, than other species has never been reported from Iran and is of public health concern because of the chronic nature of infections with anthropophilic species. To thoroughly investigate the epidemiological trend of dermatophytoses in Iran, further periodical and molecularbased studies are necessary.

Background and Globally, dermatophytes are the most common filamentous group of fungi causing cutaneous mycoses. Dermatophytes were shown to secrete a multitude of enzymes that play a role in their pathogenesis. There is limited data on co-hemolytic (CAMP-like) effect of different bacterial species on dermatophyte species. In this study, we sought to the evaluate exoenzyme activity and co-hemolytic effect of four bacteria on clinical dermatophytes isolated from patients in Shiraz, Iran.
A total of 84 clinical dermatophyte species were isolated from patients suffering dermatophytosis and identified by conventional methods. Hemolytic activity was evaluated with Columbia 5% sheep blood agar. Proteolytic activity was determined by plate clearance assay method, using gelatin 8% agar. CAMP-like factor was evaluated with four bacteria, namely, S. areus, S. saprophyticus, S. pyogenes, and S. agalactiae. Fisher's exact test was run for statistical analysis.
T. mentagrophytes was the most predominant agent (27 [32.1%]) followed by T. verrucosum (20 [23.8%]), T. tonsurans (10 [11.9%]), Microsporum canis (7 [8.3%]), T. rubrum (6 [7.1%]), E. floccosum (6 [7.1%]), M. gypseum (5 [6%]), and T. violaceum (3[3.6%]). The most common clinical area of dermatophytosis was the skin. All the isolates expressed the zone of incomplete alpha hemolysis. All the isolates had CAMP- positive reaction with S. aureus and the other bacteria were CAMP-negative. All the isolates expressed proteolytic activity and no significant differences were noted among diverse genera of dermatophytes and severities of proteolytic activity.
This study indicated that hemolysin and proteolytic enzymes potentially play a role in dermatophyte pathogenesis and S. aureus could be considered as a main bacterium for creation of co-hemolytic effect in association with dermatophyte species.

Nigella sativa (N. sativa) grows in various parts of the world, particularly in Iran. It has been traditionally used as a folk remedy to treat a number of diseases. The seeds of this plant contain moisture, proteins, carbohydrates, crude fiber, alkaloids, saponins, ash, fixed oils and essential oil. The major components of the essential oil are thymoquinone, p-cymene, trans-anethole, 2-methyl-5(1-methyl ethyl)-Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-en and γ-terpinene. So far, several pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-microbial have been reported for N. sativa or its active compounds. Thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone and thymol are the most active constituents which have different beneficial properties. The oil, extracts and some of N. sativa active components possessed moderate in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against pathogenic yeasts, dermatophytes, non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi and aflatoxin-producing fungi. The main morphological changes of pathogenic and toxigenic fungi treated with N. sativa oil were observed in the cell wall, plasma membrane and membranous organelles, particularly in the nuclei and mitochondria. Although this review represents first step in the search for a new anti-fungal drug, the full potential of N. sativa as a fungitoxic agent has not been exploited and necessitates further investigations.

One of the superficial problems of public health is mycotic inflection that its incidence is not correctly known. The most important disease of them is dermatophytosis that comes through by dermatophytes as the major group of keratinophilic fungi. Honey is bee product that has been used as a medicine since ancient times in many cultures، and is still used in folk medicine. This study was designed for the purpose of investigation the antifungal potential of 5 honey samples against various dermatophyte strains from 3 genuses، Trichophyton، Microsporum and Epidemophyton by agar dilution technique and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The results showed that honey sample JahanNama had the best antidermatophyte effect and Bandargaz had less effect among all 5 honey samples. Also Trichophyton strains had shown the most sensitivity in tests with honey. This study shows that honey samples in Golestan province have an antifungal activity against dermatophytes as superficial infective microorganisms، and their static actions are very logical. So that might confirm the medicinal uses of the studied honey samples for the treatment of coutaneus or other various diseases.