جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "dogs" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

 Bacterial infections are the most frequently occurring infections in pets. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) have been recognized as two opportunistic pathogens that are prevalent in pets. The aforementioned organisms play a vital role in the development and propagation of infections that affect the urinary tract, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal tract. The growing emergence of multidrug resistance among the bacteria is a global concern. The investigation of antibiotic resistance and genotypic characterization of Extended- spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and Metallo - β - lactamase (MBL) - producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in companion animals in Iran has been infrequently documented. The aim of this study was to identify the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of ESBL and MBL - producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that were isolated from dogs and cats stool.

 A total of 65 stool samples of dogs and cats were collected from five veterinary hospitals between February to August 2022. The antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was evaluated by using disk diffusion according to The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI). The detection of ESBLs and MBLs producing isolates was performed by Combination Disk Diffusion Test (CDDT). The presence of blaCTXM, blaTEM,blaSHV, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP genes was detected by PCR technique.

 Among 65 samples, 24 E. coli and 6 K. pneumoniae strains were identified. According to our findings, the most effective antibiotics against bacterial isolates were piperacillin - tazobactam imipenem and meropenem, respectively. The prevalence of ESBL and MBL was found to be 66.66% and 0%, respectively. The PCR assay revealed the presence of blaCTXM-15, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaIMP genes 28, 28, 18, 1 number, respectively. Whereas blaNDM, and blaVIM genes were not detected.

 The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes is a significant concern in the field of medicine. The excessive utilization of antibiotics may lead to the acquisition of genes that contribute to resistance.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic helminth infection that has great health and economic importance worldwide. Iran is considered one of the endemic areas of this parasitic infection. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of human CE in Baneh, west of Iran.

From March to May 2022, 460 individuals who attended health centers in Baneh were tested for the anti-Echinococcus immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were analyzed by Chi-square and binary logistic regression tests.

Fourteen (3.04%) participants (95% CI: 1.49–4.59%) had the anti-Echinococcus IgG antibody. The average (±standard deviation) age of participants was 40.9 (16.8) years, and most of them belonged to the age group of 35–49 years (33.9%) with the highest rate of infection (4.5%). In terms of other demographic variables, seropositivity to CE was higher in women (3.8%) and people who lived in rural areas (5.1%), were housewives (3.6%), and were illiterate (4%) (P>0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that only keeping dogs at home was a risk factor for CE (adjusted odds ratio: 31.407; 95% CI: 5.343–184.590%; P<0.001).

Direct contact with dogs is the main method of CE transmission. Therefore, public health education and the deworming of dogs can be effective in preventing and controlling CE.

Toxocara canis is one of the most important causes of animal toxocariasis with global distribution. We aimed to find out the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in dogs in a rural area in Fars Province, south of Iran.

Dogs blood samples were collected from 60 dogs in three rural areas in the Sar Mashhad region, Fars Province. Dog sera were evaluated for anti-Toxocara antibodies by an indirect ELISA method. The association between the seropositivity and age, gender, and the sampling location were statistically evaluated.

Serological assay detected anti-Toxocara antibodies in sera of 32 out of 60 dogs, corresponding to a seroprevalence of 53.3%. The rate of seropositivity was higher in the male dogs.  The rate of seropositivity was higher in old dogs. This rate increased with increasing age, however, the association between age and Toxocara seropositivity was not statistically significant.

The high prevalence of Toxocara infection in dogs in the current study area confirms that infected dogs are an important source of Toxocara infection for their owners and people who are in close contact with these animals, especially children.

Fish tapeworms of the genus Diphyllobothrium are pseudophyllidean cestodes transmitted through the consumption of raw or inadequately cooked fish.

The current systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the global prevalence of Diphyllobothrium in dogs and cats based on published literature. 

Multiple English databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were explored for relevant papers published until December 2021. 

Among the 37 studies that were included, 32 documented Diphyllobothrium infection in dogs and five in cats. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) was 0.060% (0.030%-0.100%). The analysis based on country showed that the highest pooled prevalence in dogs and cats was observed in Bangladesh (0.250%, 0.149%-0.366%) and Indonesia (0.254%, 0.182%-0.333%), respectively. Based on the continent, Africa (0.109%, 0.017%-0.264%) and Asia (0.060%, 0%-0.345%) were the most common regions for infection in dogs and cats, respectively. Among different diagnostic methods, the highest pooled prevalence was related to molecular (0.661%, 0.573%-0.743%) and parasitological techniques (0.041%, 0%-0.217%) for dogs and cats’ studies, respectively. 

The findings show the importance of establishing a prevention and control measure focused on improving regular deworming and enhancing awareness of parasitic zoonotic diseases to minimize the transmission risk.

 Anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma spp. is an important arthropod-borne disease of various vertebrates with health concerns to humans. The present study aimed to investigate the detection and genotype of Anaplasma phagocytophilum using microscopic examination, real-time PCR technique, and phylogenetic analysis in dogs from Mashhad shelters, Khorasan-Razavi province.

 For this purpose, 250 blood specimens were collected during routine health checkups from dogs in different shelters in Mashhad, Iran, in 2020. First, smears were prepared from the blood specimens, stained with Giemsa, and examined under the light microscope for Anaplasma inclusions. Then, the genomic DNAs were extracted from buffy coats of blood specimens and screened by real-time PCR for the presence of Anaplasma infection by amplifying a 1400 bp sequence of 16S rRNA belonging to the Anaplasma genus. Finally, sequencing and BLAST analyses were carried out on the amplified fragments for the phylogenetic assessments in positive specimens.

A total of 9 dogs (3.60%), including 5 females (3.40%) and 4 males (3.88%) were found to be positive for Anaplasma infection in real-time PCR. Moreover, in blood smear observation, A. phagocytophilum morulae were detected in the neutrophils of 3 PCR positive animals.

This study provides important data regarding A. phagocytophilum in dogs and the degree of genetic homology/heterogeneities among these pathogen strains from dogs and humans in Iran and other countries. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular evidence on the infection of A. phagocytophilum in sheltered dogs of the region.

 

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of sleeve-gastrectomy procedure on weight loss, glucose and insulin blood levels in overweight dogs.

In the current study, 5 overweight dogs (31.6±3.03kg) were selected for sleeve-gastrectomy procedure. Insulin and glucose levels were measured from the blood samples that were taken before the surgery and weekly 1.5 month post-operatively. The weight of the dogs was also measured at the same time. The surgery was performed according to the technique described by Gagner 2009, and the dogs received special diet during the recovery period to end of the study.

One dog died due to dehiscence and leakage 48 hours post-operatively. Decrease in mean weight was 6.25±0.44 in the first week after surgery and the weight loss process continued to end of the study. Changes in insulin and glucose blood levels demonstrated to have pulsatile patterns. Insulin levels decreased for the first week, but its level increased in the second week period. Again, insulin levels demonstrated to have decreasing pattern in the following 4 weeks. On the other hand, the glucose levels changed each week and did not show any certain pattern.

Post-operative weight loss was observed in all cases but it was not statistically significant. It could be due to limited number of the samples. The glucose and insulin changes were attributed to hormonal changes particularly gut hormones that were affected by sleeve-gastrectomy procedure but further detailed studies on hormonal effect are required.

Canine babesiosis is one of the mainly worldwide-distributed tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasitic dis eases in dogs.

A total of 43 blood samples were randomly collected from naturally infected dogs in seven villages from different geographical areas of Meshkin Shahr, Ardabil Province, Iran. The presence of Babesia species detected with standard methods including parasitological and gene sequencing techniques targeting the 18S rRNA gene.

Our results revealed that four dogs 9.3% (4/43) including one female and three male dogs were infected with Babesia. All four Babesia-infected dogs were confirmed B. canis by the molecular-based method. Sequence alignments comparison of the B. canis genotypes A and B, it was revealed that all B. canis isolates belonged to genotype B.

This study provides essential data for subsequently define the critical importance of the molecular studies in management and prevention of the canine babesiosis in Iran.

Dogs, as the definitive host of Neospora caninum, are important in the epidemiology of this parasitic infection. We aimed to determine the prevalence of N. caninum infection in a dog population from a rural setting in Fars Province, Southern Iran, using a combination of molecular and serological techniques.

This cross-sectional study was carried out in Nov 2018 in three rural districts, Sar Mashhad, HosseinAbad, and Tolesaman located in Kazeroun Township in Fars province, southern Iran. Blood samples were taken from 60 stray and household dogs. Dogs’ sera were tested for antibodies against N. caninum, using a Neospora-Modified Agglutination Test. Moreover, dogs’ buffy coats were tested for Neospora DNA, using a molecular method.

Anti-Neospora antibodies were detected in sera of 4 out of 60 dogs, corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 6.7%. Out of 25 female dogs, 1 was seropositive and of 35 males, 3 were seropositive, yet the differences were not statistically significant. The infection was more prevalent in adult dogs (> 12 months), nevertheless, the differences between age and Neospora seropositivity was not statistically significant. N. caninum DNA was not detected in the buffy coat of any of the studied dogs.

Findings of the study indicate that N. caninum is a common infection in dogs in rural areas of Fars province in southern Iran. The infected dogs might be a potentially important source of N. caninum infection to livestock in the area.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an extremely contagious pathogen that causes deadly diseases in carnivores worldwide.

Considering the effect of CDV on the host immune system and the increased risk of other infections, the present study aimed to investigate the incidence of coinfection with CDV and Bordetella bronchiseptica, using genomic and serological methods.

In this study, 50 blood samples, eye samples, respiratory swabs, and gastrointestinal tract swabs were taken from dogs, which showed symptoms of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract involvement, suggesting CDV infection. Also, 50 seemingly healthy dogs were included in this study. The animals were referred to Isfahan clinics between the spring of 2018 and the winter of 2019. For the initial diagnosis of CDV by immunological methods, a rapid CDV immunochromatography kit was used. To investigate for the genomes of both pathogens, after DNA and RNA extraction and reverse transcription of the extracted RNA samples, a PCR assay was performed using specific primers.

Based on the results of the RT-PCR assay, of 50 samples taken from dogs with suspected CDV infection, 37 were positive for the presence of CDV nucleic acids, and 20 were positive for the presence of B. bronchiseptica nucleic acids. Also, of 50 samples taken from seemingly healthy dogs, three were positive for CDV, and 15 were positive for B. bronchiseptica nucleic acids.

In the present study, of 100 samples taken from dogs with suspected CDV infection and apparently healthy dogs, 15 showed coinfection (12 samples from dogs with symptoms of CDV and three from seemingly healthy dogs). However, no significant relationship was found between CDV and B. bronchiseptica infections. It seems that future studies with a larger sample size can provide us with more accurate results.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite, which can infect all nucleated cells in a variety of vertebrate animals, including human, causing toxoplasmosis. Although a number of studies have reported on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in dogs in China, however, information about T. gondii infection in pet dogs in Anhui, China is not available.

The modified agglutination test (MAT) was used to detect antibodies in sera samples from 468 pet dogs at Anhui Province in China from November 2013 to April 2017.

18.6% animals were T. gondii seropositive, indicating a slightly higher prevalence of T. gondii infection in pet dogs in Anhui, China in comparison with other provinces in China.

Our present study provided epidemiological data on T. gondii seroprevalence in pet dogs in Anhui, China for the effective prevention and control of the parasite prevalence in this area.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease that currently occurs in some parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. This study aimed to determine the distribution of the canine visceral leishmaniasis in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in northwestern Iran.

The data were collected from 1994 to 2018 in Ardabil Province from electronic databases. An extensive literature search was conducted in different international and national databases, including Cochrane, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Iran Medex to find articles with the words “visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil” in their titles, and “canine visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil” or “accidental reservoir hosts of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil” in their subtitles, irrespective of the type and duration of study. The GIS software and MaxEnt model were used to determine the ecologically suitable niches for the disease.

In total, 9088 dogs were examined, and the overall prevalence rate of CVL in dogs was estimated to be 14.56%. The most ecologically suitable areas of CVL occurrence were identified in four hotspots in Meshkinshahr, Germi, and two spots in Parsabad counties. The results of jackknife test showed that the environmental and climate variables with the highest gain, when used in isolation, were Isothermality, Bio3, Bio13, and Bio 4.

A widely epidemic CVL has emerged among dogs, making a lot of risks on inhabitants of this area and increasing the probability of an outbreak of VL in humans.

Neosporosis is considered as a ubiquitous disease in Iran and other countries. This research was expected to determine the prevalence and related risk factors of Neospora caninum in household dogs in Hamadan Municipality, Iran.

A total of 184 whole blood was evaluated for the presence of antibodies to N. caninum by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All seropositive animals were affirmed by molecular techniques.

Based on serology and molecular methods, N. caninum infection was detected in 4.9% (95% CI = 4.9 ± 3.1%) of animals. In addition, the highest infection rate was significantly recognized in female dogs (57.1%) with under 6 months old (54.4%). Additionally, the clinical signs of neosporosis were observed in 2 out of 4 positive dogs (P < 0.0001, odds ratio [OR] = 24.71). Finally, the infection had no significant connection (P > 0.05) with breeding, food regime, housing, and direct contact with infected animals.

In general, the serological and molecular outcomes were parallel together. It was concluded that this is a universal assessment of risk factors related to N. caninum in Iranian house dogs for the first time.

Dogs, especially stray dogs, act as the major carriers of different infectious and parasitic agents in the environment; hence, their possible transmission to humans is a public health concern. The principal aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infections in stray dogs of rural regions of Hamadan, West of Iran.

During this cross-sectional survey in 2018, 180 blood samples were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to N. caninum and T. gondii using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Seroprevalence of N. caninum and T. gondii infections was detected to be 5% (95% CI: 2.8-8.2%) and 35% (95% CI: 28.1-41.9%), respectively. In addition, coinfection was detected in 2.8% of animals. No significant differences were found between infection rate, sex, and age of animals regarding both parasites (P>0.05).

This study provides the first insight into the infection of dogs in a region with the prevalence of N. caninum and T. gondii

Dogs can act as reservoirs of canine leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania species. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis using a PCR technique among stray dogs living in three provinces of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Al-Ahsa Oasis and Al-Qaseem, where the disease is endemic; and to identify and document different Leishmania to species levels

This cross-sectional investigation was conducted, from Mar 2016 to Apr 2018, in three parts of Saudi Arabia: Central province (Riyadh), Eastern province (Al-Ahsa Oasis) and Al-Qaseem province. Blood samples were collected from 526 dogs; 40 presented cutaneous nodules so were suspected clinically of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Biopsy tissue collections and parasite cultures were performed. A generic kDNA was performed using different primers for Leishmania differentiation.

All blood samples were negative for Leishmania infantum infection by molecular analysis, though forty dogs had thick cutaneous lesions in different parts of their body. Four dogs’ skin lesions were associated with dermatitis, splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. Parasite culture was used to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis, identifying 31/40 (77.5%) positive samples. Overall, of 526 samples, the prevalence of L. major and L. tropica was found to be 4% and 1.9%, respectively. Gender and age had a significant effect on Leishmania prevalence: (P=0.0212 and 0.0357), respectively.

This was the first molecular study of dog leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia of dogs confirmed to have cutaneous leishmaniasis. Further epidemiological and molecular investigations of domestic and wild canine infections with L. major, L. tropica and L. infantum in endemic and nonendemic areas of Saudi Arabia are required, for leishmaniasis control.

Rickettsia felis is an emergent Rickettsial agent whose main vector is Ctenocephalides felis, but ticks, mites and lice are also infected. We aimed to search for molecular evidence of Rickettsia spp. in fleas collected from dogs and wild rodents (Heteromys anomalous) from three villages of Córdoba and Antioquia provinces (Northern of Colombia), where outbreaks of rickettsioses have occurred, and discuss the possible role of fleas on endem ic/enzootic regions for rickettsia. During 2010 and 2012, 649 Ctenocephalides felis felis and 24 Pulex irritans fleas were removed from dogs and wild rodents (Heteromys anomalous), respectively, in 3 locations from Córdoba and Antioquia provinces (Colombia). These fleas were tested into pools for Rickettsial infection by PCR, targeting gltA, ompB, and ompA Rickettsial genes. Almost 20% (30/153) of C. felis felis pools contained Rickettsial DNA. The fragments of ompB gene showed high identity values between sequences from Necocli and Los Cordobas with R. felis strain from Senegal (100% and 99.7% respectively) and all were highly related by phylogenetic analyses. Rickettsial DNA in pools of P. irritans was not detected. Our findings highlighted the endemicity of the infection by R. felis in fleas from northern of Colombia and showed the likely importance of dogs as hosts of C. felis felis fleas and their potential role as reservoirs of R. felis.