جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « early maladaptive schema » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 The relatively high prevalence of binge eating disorder and its negative effects such as decreased quality of life and impaired individual and social functions have made this disorder an important issue in health systems of various countries, including Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate roles of traumatic childhood experiences in predicting binge eating disorder mediated by early maladaptive schemas.

 The present study was a correlational study. Statistical population of the study included men and women aged 23–65 years, who referred to health centers in Tehran as well as Internet users of these centers and their associated social media, 2019–2020. Totally, 409 people were selected using convenience sampling method. Bing eating scale, Yang's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire and childhood traumatic experiences checklist were used to collect data. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistical Analysis Software v.25, AMOS Software v.24 and structural equation analysis.

 Results showed that primary traumatic experiences with direct effect size of 0.19 and effect size of 0.23 due to early maladaptive schemas included significant effects on binge eating disorder (p < 0.01).

 Results of this study demonstrated that prevention of traumatic childhood experiences and use of educational and therapeutic interventions based on schema therapy can decrease the rate of binge eating disorder and its negative effects.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a debilitating anxiety disorder. These schemas are not always active and their effects are not tangible; But when they are activated, the person engages in coping styles to reduce the unpleasant emotions that result from it and is placed in a state called mindfulness. Schema therapy assumes that what ultimately has little to do with the various symptoms of psychopathology are maladaptive mindsets. According to studies can be found that it is possible to use early maladaptive schemas to explain the symptoms of psychopathology. Therefore, incompatible mindsets must play a mediating role between early incompatible schemas and signs. Early parent-child relationships and traumatic childhood events have played a significant role in the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder; So, The aim of this study was to explain the mediating role of dysfunctional parental schematic mentality between early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study was performed using a descriptive-correlational research method and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all people with obsessive-compulsive disorder who had referred to medical and counseling centers in Tehran in 1397.   In this study, the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, the Schematic Mindset Questionnaire and the revised Algebraic Obsessive Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using spss.22 and AMOS.22 software. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed that the direct path coefficient between the first domain to the dysfunctional parent (p < /em><0.001, β=0.46) was positive and significant, and the path coefficients between the fifth domain to the dysfunctional parent (p < /em><0.001, β=0.79), the first domain to an inefficient coping (p < /em><0.001, β=0.28); the fifth domain to an inefficient coping (p < /em>=0.002, β=0.30), dysfunctional parent to Obsessive-compulsive disorder (p < /em><0.001, β=0.54) and dysfunctional coping with obsessive-compulsive disorder (p < /em><0.001, β=0.33) (β=0.33) were positive and significant.  Also, schematic mentality of dysfunctional parents played a mediating role in the effects of early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder (RMSEA=0.045, AGFI= 0.94)

Based on the findings of this study, the schematic mentality of dysfunctional coping has a mediating role between early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a debilitating anxiety condition. Schemas are not always active and their effects are not tangible; however, when activated, the individual engages in coping styles to reduce the associated unpleasant emotions and encounters a mindless state. Schema therapy assumes that Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) are slightly correlated with psychopathology aspects. According to studies, EMSs can be used to explain the symptoms of psychopathology. Therefore, schema modes might play a mediating role between EMSs and disease symptoms. Early parent–child relationships and traumatic childhood events play a significant role in the development of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Thus, this study aimed to explain the mediating role of schema modes between EMSs and OCD.

This descriptive–correlational research applied structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all individuals with OCD referring to the medical and counseling centers in Tehran City, Iran, in 2018. Initially, due to the possibility of sample loss caused by other psychiatric disorders, especially personality disorders and severe disorders such as bipolar disorder (except for comorbid disorders, e.g., anxiety, depression), unpreparedness, no satisfaction to participate in the study, or use of any psychotropic drugs and drug dependence, individuals were selected by non–random and purposive sampling methods. Eventually, 427 subjects provided completed questionnaires. The inclusion criteria of the study included men and women aged 18–60 years and a diagnosis of OCD at the discretion of a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist. The exclusion criteria of the study were providing incomplete information and incomplete questionnaires. The Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (Young, 1998), the Short Schema Mode Inventory (Lobbestael et al., 2010), and The Revised Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (Foa et al., 2002) were used. The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The obtained results suggested that the direct path coefficient between the first domain (abandonment) to the dysfunctional parent (β=0.46, p<0.001), the direct path coefficient between the fifth domain (over–vigilance and inhibition) to the dysfunctional parent (β=0.79, p<0.001), the direct path coefficient between the first domain to an inefficient coping (β=0.28, p<0.001), the direct path coefficient between the fifth domain to an inefficient coping (β=0.30, p=0.002), the direct path coefficient between dysfunctional parent to obsessive–compulsive disorder (β=0.54, p<0.001), and the direct path coefficient between dysfunctional coping with obsessive–compulsive disorder (β=0.33, p<0.001) were positive and significant. The results also signified that the indirect effect of the first domain with OCD mediated by the dysfunctional parent (β=0.18, p<0.001) and the indirect effect of the fifth domain with OCD mediated by the dysfunctional parent (β=0.13, p<0.001) were positive and significant. Additionally, the indirect effect of the first domain with OCD mediated by inefficient coping (β=0.14, p<0.001) and the indirect effect of the fifth domain with OCD mediated by inefficient coping (β=0.22, p<0.001) were positive and significant. Moreover, the effect of the whole of the first domain with OCD mediated by the dysfunctional parent (β=0.64, p<0.001) and the effect of the whole of the fifth domain with OCD mediated by the dysfunctional parent (β= 0.92, p<0.001) were positive. Besides, the effect of the whole of ​​the first domain with OCD mediated by inefficient coping (β=0.42, p<0.001) and the effect of the whole of ​​the fifth domain with OCD mediated by inefficient coping (β=0.52, p<0.001) were positive and significant. The goodness of fit indices also supported the optimal fit of the model with the collected data (X2/df=2.16, CFI=0.91, GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.94, RMSEA=0.045).

Based on the current study findings, schema mode (i.e., dysfunctional parents & inefficient coping) played a mediating role between EMSs (including the first domain, abandonment, & the fifth domain, over–vigilance & inhibition) and OCD.

 Early maladaptive schemas are self-destructive emotional and cognitive patterns that have been formed at the beginning of development and are repeated in life. Since early maladaptive schemas can be the most predictive of addiction and social networking addiction is also considered as an injury or complication. This study aimed to determine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social network addiction among students.

 This cross-sectional study was performed on 350 students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, Yang’s Short Form Questionnaire and the questionnaire of social network s addiction based on mobile were used. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and logistic regression.

 There were 186 (53.2%) students who had social network addiction. Of them, 215 (61.4%) had at least one early maladaptive schema. The gender of the woman (OR=0.35, P=0.021), age over 21 years (OR=0.56, P<0.001), the formation of the schema of recognition (OR=0.54, P=0.01) and the formation of the schema entitlement (OR=0.47, P=0.002) with the reduction and the formation of the schema of social isolation / emotional inhibition (OR=2.94, P=0.006) was accompanied with increasing of the chance of being addicted to social networks.

 The results showed that some of the individual characteristics and the formation of some of the schemas are associated with decreasing and increasing the chance of addiction to social networks.

The present study aimed to investigate brain-behavioral systems, early maladaptive schemas and premenstrual syndrome as predictors of postpartum blues.

The present study was a descriptive correlational research. Study population included all referred females who diagnosed as mothers with postpartum depression in health centers of Mashahd city during 2018. A total sample of 200 mothers with postpartum depression selected with Multi-stage cluster sampling method. The participants completed brain behavioral systems scale, early maladaptive schema scale, Edinburgh postpartum depression scale, and premenstrual syndrome scale. Collected data were analyzed by a stepwise regression model.

The results showed that inhibition and activation behavioral systems, premenstrual syndrome, impaired autonomy and performance schemas and impaired limits schemas were all related to postpartum blues. The behavioral inhibition system, impaired autonomy and performance schemas, impaired limits schemas and premenstrual syndrome positively predicted postpartum blues and the behavioral activation system negatively predicted postpartum blues.

Postpartum depression disorder in mothers were related in terms of brain behavioral systems, early maladaptive schema and premenstrual syndrome. Hence evaluation, diagnostic and therapeutic consideration based on these correlations for postpartum depression disorder seems necessary.

This study was conducted to compare individuals with and without gender identity disorder considering copying styles, early maladaptive schemas, and self-esteem.

This is a causal-comparative study. Statistical population consisted of individuals with gender identity disorder in Tehran, Iran during 2016. Purposeful sampling was used as sampling method. Sample size obtained to 30 members based on causal-comparative plan; in this case, 30 members were assigned to two groups of individuals with and without gender identity disorder. Ordinary individuals were matched with individuals with identity disorder based on age, gender, education and job. All individuals signed the consent to participate in study. Endler & Parker Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-sf2), and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory employed as research instruments. 

Statistical findings showed that self-esteem of ordinary individuals (20.6) was higher than individuals with gender disorder (19.1) and individuals with gender identity disorder obtained higher scores in early maladaptive schemas expect for sacrifice compared to ordinary individuals. Also, there was a significant difference between two groups in terms of emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping strategy considering F value and Significance level (P<0.0001, F=16.34; P<0.02, F=5.62) while there was not any significant difference between groups in terms of task-oriented style.

individuals with gender identity disorder have low self-esteem, higher emotion-oriented coping styles and higher early maladaptive schemas.

The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of mindfulness training on cognitive emotion regulation and early maladaptive schema in teenagers covered by kerman Well-being.
For this purpose, among the statistical population of adolescent girls and boys who were the recipient of the kerman Well-being in 1396, which numbered 860 people, 100 people were selected by available sampling method. A short version of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was implemented on them. Then, 30 adolescents who had inadequate status in these two questionnaires were selected as subjects and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (with mindfulness therapy intervention) and control. Then"Mindfulness Therapy" protocol for experimental groups. That is, the experimental group was subjected to an intervention of "mindfulness therapy" in 8 sessions of group training, once a week, lasting about 2 hours,. The data were evaluated using one way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
The results showed that Mindfulness-based education was effective in improving emotional regulation and reducing early maladaptive schemas.
According to the findings, it is concluded that mental-based therapies can be used as an effective intervention in emotional regulation and effect on early maladaptive schemas.

maltreatment with children (verbal, emotional, and physical) has many negative consequences in adulthood, including substance abuse. The aim of present study was investigation the mandating role of early maladaptive schema in relation between childhood maltreatment with substance abuse in adulthood.
In this descriptive-correlational study, 106 people (12 women and 94 men) were selected among people referring to the Association of Anonymous Addicts and addiction centers in Hamedan using available sampling method.The subjects responded to the risk and protective factors questionnaire, the Young Schema Questionnaire (SF-YSQ) and the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale (CATS). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS and LISREL software
The results showed that the indirect effect of childhood maltreatment (due to early maladaptive schemes) on substance abuse in adulthood was significant at 95% level. The effect of childhood maltreatment on maladaptive schemas and the effect of current variable on substance abuse in adulthood was significant at 95% level, however, the direct effect of childhood maltreatment was not significant on substance abuse
It seems that childhood maltreatment leads to the formation of maladaptive schemas and the formation of these schemas also leads to harmful behaviors such as substance abuse.

This study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on early maladaptive schemas and social support in women.
This study had a correlational research category. The study population included all the women referred to health centers in Tehran Region 1 in 2016. The sample size was calculated 247 based on the proposed Formula of Tabachnick and Fidel. The sample group was determined using the cluster approach and was questioned using the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale, Yang schema and Zimet social support questionnaire, for which Cronbach's alphas were determined as 0.91, 0.94 and 0.91, respectively. Data was obtained using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression analyzes. SPSS V. 22 was used.
Data analysis indicated that with early maladaptive schemas with engaging social support variables, the predicting model undergoes a significant increase as well as the regression coefficients.
It is suggested that future studies coincide with this study to assess other determinative variables in the marital satisfaction concept to design and implement an intervention program based on predictive variables in order to improve the life satisfaction index.

The aim of this study was to determine the differences between early maladaptive schemas in visually impaired and seeing women. One of the indicators of mental health is life satisfactions that affect people’s quality of life. People with disabilities have different may be influenced by the type and level of their disability.
The study was causal comparative. The sample, recruited through convenience sampling, consisted of 41 seeing women and 40 visually impaired women who volunteered to participate in the research. The research instruments were the Young Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YEMSQ) (2005) and Diener Life Satisfaction (1985). Independent samples t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to test the research hypotheses.
The results showed that there is no significant difference the in early maladaptive schemas in visually impaired and seeing women with respect to life satisfaction except for the abandonment scheme (P It can be stated that the early maladaptive schemas have been less inefficient among visually impaired women.

Introduction and Aging population is increasing and it is of great importance to predict factors that promote physical and mental health status of elderly. This study aimed to predict the perceived rejection based on early maladaptive Schema among active and inactive elderly.
Methods & Materials: We used cluster sampling method to collect 150 elderly (included 75 active and 75 inactive elderly) retried from oil and gas company. Respondents were asked to fill the perceived rejection scale and the short form of Early Maladaptive Schema (YSQ-SF) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.
Findings: results of this study showed that there are significant relationships between perceived rejection and schemas of emotional deprivation, mistrust/abuse, social isolation, shame/defectiveness, failure, subjugation & insufficient self-control/self-discipline in active elderly. Besides, there were significant associations between perceived rejection and schemas of emotional deprivation, abandonment / instability, mistrust/abuse, social isolation, shame/defectiveness, failure & entitlement among inactive elders. Findings from regression analysis indicated that schemas of emotional deprivation, emotional inhibition & failure could predict perceived rejection among active elders. However, schemas of emotional inhibition and vulnerability to harm or illness can predict perceived rejection among inactive elders.
In general, our findings revealed that perceived rejection among active elderly was predicted by interpersonal aspects of emotional scheme. Conversely, perceived rejection among inactive elderly is more predicted by Intrapersonal aspects.