جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « emotional eating » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Emotional problems and it’s following stress can be a starter for binge eating and binge eating is considerd as a a maladaptive emotion regulation mechanism in overweight or obese people. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of schema therapy mode model on emotional eating and BMI of obese women with binge eating disorder.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all the obese women with binge eating who referred to counseling clinics in Tehran’s district 2 in 1402. Among these people, 30 people were selected by available sampling and according to the entry and exit criteria; And they were randomly placed in the experimental group and the control group (15 people in each group). The participants completed the Emotional Eating Scale (EES) and the Body Mass Index (BMI) in the pre-test and post-test stages. The experimental group received the Psychotherapy sessions based on Schema therapy mode model in 20 sessions of 60 minutes. Data analysis was done using SPSS-24 software and multivariate analysis of covariance test in compliance with statistical assumptions.

The results of the multivariate covariance test showed that there is a significant difference between the schema therapy mode model group and the control group in a combination of variables of emotional eating and body mass index (F=41.22 and P<0.5). Also, the results of Bonferoni's post hoc test showed that the average of the group receiving the schema therapy mode model program is significantly less than the average of the control group in both the variable of emotional eating and the variable of body mass index (P<0/05).

According to the results of the research, it can be said that the Schema therapy mode model can be an effective treatment for overweightness and emotional eating of obese women with binge eating disorder.

Emotional eating is harmful to health and it has a high incidence in obese people, especially obese women. Therefore, it is important to recognize the causing factors. The purpose of this study was to explore obese young women’s lived experiences of psychological factors resulting emotional eating.

A qualitative study using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach was conducted. A purposive sampling method was used to select 17 young women experiencing emotional eating with a body mass index of 30 or higher. Diekelmann and colleagues’ method was used to analyze the data collected through face-to-face, individual and semistructured interviews.

Regarding psychological factors related to emotional eating behavior, the theme of "psychological problems" was identified. This theme includes 6 sub-themes including: "Insecure attachment", "emotional deprivation", "lack of self-compassion", "rumination of negative thoughts", "psychological resistance in motivational structure" and "psychological inflexibility in moral-religious considerations".

The results of this study suggest that a number of psychological factors play a role in creating women's emotional eating behavior. These factors are interrelated and some of them are the underlying causes of other factors. In other words; these factors in link together to create and maintain emotional eating behavior. The results of this study may provide insights for planning effective preventive and therapeutic interventions for emotional overeating and weight management in women.

Introduction:

 One of the variables that is strongly related to overweight is emotional eating. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between self-split conflicts and emotional eating with the mediation of self-compassion in overweight women.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consists of overweight women with the age range of 20-50 years in the universities of Tehran city. A total of 496 people were selected by Convenience sampling. The research tools included Emotional Eating Scale (EES), Short Form of Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF) and The Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring  Scale (FSCRS). For data analysis, structural equation method and SPSS software version 25 and AMOS version 24 were used.

The results showed the fit of the proposed research model (RMSEA= 0/06). The results showed that self-confident and self-haterdo not have a significant direct effect on emotional eating (P > 0.05), but with effect sizes of -0.06 and 0.07, respectively, they have a significant indirect effect on emotional eating with the mediation of self-compassion (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that the direct and indirect effects of self-insufficiency on emotional eating are significant with  respectively effect sizes of 0.24 and 0.24(P<0.05).

Considering self-compassion considering the role of self-split conflicts, can help explain emotional eating in overweight women.

Emotional eating behavior is considered one of the pathological eating behaviors, and the components related to it have special importance, especially in children and adolescents.

The aim of the research was to investigate the role of rumination and sadness emotion management skills in predicting emotional eating behavior in overweight and obese children aged 9 to 12 years.

The descriptive research design was of the correlational type and the statistical population included obese and overweight children aged 9 to 12 in Hamedan City in 2019-2020. A total of 268 of these children were selected by convenient sampling method and responded to questionnaires of children’s responses to imaginal situations that Elicit Sadness (Lopez, 2006), Children’s Sadness Management Scale (Shipman and Penza-Clive, 2001), Emotional Eating Scale-Children (Tanfoski, 2007). To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used with the help of SPSS-22.

The results of correlation analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between rumination variable and emotion regulation management skills with children's emotional eating behavior (P<0.05). Also, based on the regression results, 45.4% and 53% of the variance of the variable of emotional eating behavior could be predicted with the help of the predictor variables dimensions of rumination and emotion regulation management skills (P<0.05).

The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between emotional eating behavior with rumination and ineffective strategies for managing the emotion of sadness in obese and overweight children. In order to prevent and treat obesity and overweight in children, it is important to pay attention to their psychological issues. It is suggested that more research be done, in the field of psychological causes of problems related to obesity and overweight.

Emotional eating is highly prevalent among obese Iranian women.We analyzed the lived experiences of young Iranian women with obesity in relation to cultural norms regarding the emotional eating.

A qualitative study was conducted using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. A purposive sampling method was used to select 17 young women who had experienced emotional eating and who a body mass index of 30 or higher. Diekelmann and colleagues’ method was used to analyze the data collected through semistructured, individual, and face-to-face interviews.

In the analysis of the data, two themes have been identified both highlighting the role that cultural norms play in the development of emotional eating behavior. The first theme, "collective eating culture", had two sub-themes: "pleasant manifestation of the feeling of belonging and love" and "symbol of family cohesion". The second theme was titled "a legal and popular pastime", indicating that eating is considered a common entertainment for women in Iran that is undertaken frequently for the purpose of relieving negative emotions. Cultural norms associated with food consumption as a collective activity as well as eating as a legal and popular pastime have been found to be associated with feeling of belonging to family and to eliminate concerns relating to maintaining family cohesion.

Considering that in Iran; "collective food eating " as a solution to improve mood, is a very common cultural norm in this society. It is associated with the feeling of belonging to relatives and eliminates family cohesion concerns. Aside from this, eating has become a popular and legal form of entertainment, especially for women, in which negative emotions are relieved frequently, thus it is considered an alarming trend for society’s public health.

Obesity is a pervasive problem that can severely impair physical health. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on emotional eating in obese people.

The present study had a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a follow-up and control group. Its statistical population included all patients referred to the counseling and psychological center of the Rahe Bartar in Qazvin in 2019 who were diagnosed with obesity by nutritionists. Using the purposive sampling method, 60 people were selected and randomly assigned to three groups (dialectical behavior therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and the control-20 people in each group). Cognitive-behavioral and dialectical behavior therapies were performed for 10 sessions in the experimental groups, and no treatment was performed for the control group. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was completed by participants in the pretest, posttest, and six-month follow-up stages. A mixed analysis of variance test was used to analyze the data.

Due to the differences in test stages after performing two interventions of dialectical behavior and cognitive-behavioral therapies, the effectiveness of group membership and stage-group interaction was significant for all three emotional eating components (emotional, inhibition, and external styles); it was reduction effect (p<0.05). The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy was greater than cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Based on the results of this study, dialectical behavior and cognitive-behavioral therapies can effectively reduce emotional eating in obese people.

The high prevalence of emotional eating in obese women indicates the importance of the role of emotional eating in their weight gain. The aim of the present study is to explain the role of emotional eating in the lived experiences of young obese Iranian women.

This study was performed by qualitative method with hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Participants in this study were 17 young women living in Kermanshah or Karaj. These participants had emotional eating and a body mass index of 30 or higher. They were selected using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face- to- face interviews and analyzed using the seven-step method of  Dickelman et al.

In the analysis of participants' lived experiences; A major theme called the " compromising role "  was revealed, which showed. Emotional eating plays a compromising role in coping with life's sufferings and problems. This theme was formed by 9 sub themes, which are: avoiding of negative thoughts and emotions, relaxing negative emotions, relieving emotional hunger, symbol of self-compassion, invigorating role, healing role, in shelter of eating,  companion of feeling lonely, in search of food security.

The results of this study identified the instantaneous and transient functions that emotional eating had in the lives of participants. These functions in the formation of a cyclical pattern of behavior, namely; Frequent emotional eating, the main consequence of which is weight gain, play a key role and hinder the effectiveness of weight loss programs.

Emotional eating is a behavior of eating without physiological need that occurs in response to negative emotions and is harmful to health. Based on research evidence; some other factors, in addition to negative emotions, contribute to the activation and triggering of emotional eating. Identifying these factors is essential for effective management of emotional eating. Emotional eating is also more common in obese people and women. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explain the lived experiences of young obese women about the triggers of emotional eating.

This study was performed by qualitative method with hermeneutic phenomenological approach in 2020. Participants in this study were 17 young women living in Kermanshah or Karaj with the experiences of emotional eating and a body mass index of 30 or higher. They were selected using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face- to- face interviews and analyzed using the seven-step method of Dickelman.

In analyzing the participants' lived experiences, a major theme called "emotional eating triggers" was identified. This theme was formed by 4 sub-themes: negative emotions, mental symptoms, physical symptoms, and special events.

The findings of the current study showed that although negative emotions are the central trigger of emotional eating, they are not enough for it to occur. Therefore, in order to have a deep understanding of lived experiences related to the occurrence of emotional eating behavior, it is necessary to simultaneously pay attention to the multiple dimensions of its activator and trigger, including negative emotions, mental symptoms (rumination of negative thoughts, and mental temptation to eat), physical symptoms (gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, pain, etc.), as well as events that specifically trigger emotional eating.

Emotional eating behavior is a type of eating behavior without physiological need and is defined as eating in response to stress and negative emotions. The most well-known consequence of emotional eating is weight gain. Not enough information is available about other consequences of emotional eating. The aim of this study was to explain the lived experiences of obese young women about the consequences of emotional eating.

This study was performed by qualitative method with hermeneutic phenomenological approach in 2020. Participants in this study were 17 young women living in Kermanshah or Karaj. These participants had emotional eating and a body mass index of 30 or higher. They were selected using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face-to-face interviews and analyzed using the seven-step method of Dickelman et al.

In this study, the main theme was identified as "harmful consequences". This theme was obtained by combining 4 sub-themes called "harmful physical consequences", "undermining self-confidence", "undermining weight control self-efficacy", and "overeating stigma”.

The consequences of emotional eating cause a decline in quality of life in physical, psychological, and social dimensions and make people prone to some physical illnesses and mental health disorders. This highlights the importance of therapeutic interventions in the management of emotional overeating.

Emotional eating is defined as the tendency to eat in response to stress or negative emotions in order to overcome negative emotions. According to research evidence, emotional eating is harmful to health. For example, emotional eating is associated with weight gain, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that cause emotional eating to be harmful, as it helps us to get a deeper insight into emotional eating and its harms and plan more effective educational and psychological interventions to manage emotional eating. To do this, we need to analyze the experiences of people who have had emotional eating, to explore and explain this behavior from their point of view. As a result, we can identify the various psychological, social, and cultural dimensions of emotional eating. In addition, research evidence shows that emotional eating is more common in obese people than normal weight people, and women are more vulnerable to emotional eating than men. In addition to being universal, emotional eating behavior also has culture-related characteristics. According to these points, the aim of this study was to explain the harmfulness of emotional eating in young Iranian obese women.

The present study was conducted using a qualitative method and a hermeneutic phenomenological approach in 2020. Participants in this study were 17 young women aged 25 - 45 years living in Kermanshah or Karaj, with emotional eating experience and a body mass index of 30 or higher. Pregnant women were not included in this study due to their different body mass index. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face-to-face interviews. Sampling and interviews continued until the data saturation stage. The main questions asked of the participants during the interview were as follows: 1) Describe one of your emotional eating experiences and explain the thoughts, ideas, emotions and physical feelings that led you to eat at that time. 2) What other experience in your life is similar to this experience, and what does it mean to you? 3) Under what circumstances do you have the most emotional eating? And what do you think the relationship between these conditions and emotional eating means? 4) What is the difference between the times when you eat emotionally and the times when you eat normally? Also, exploratory questions were asked to analyze the deeper layers of the participants' lived experiences. Some of the exploratory questions asked in the present study were as follows: What did you mean by ....? Could you explain more? Please give an example in this regard? Data analysis began at the same time as data collection process. Dickelman's 7-step method was used to analyze the data.

In data analysis, a major theme emerged called "harmful companions" which showed that while participants experienced emotional eating, some other experiences accompanied their emotional eating, causing emotional eating to be harmful for these people. The main theme of "harmful companions" consists of seven sub-themes named lack of self-control in eating behavior, unconscious eating, body abuse, contradictory experiences, eating addiction, excessive eating of certain foods, and secretive eating. Lack of self-control in eating behavior means that emotional eaters do not have enough control over their eating behavior and their emotional eating is accompanied by fast eating, overeating, eating regardless of food quality, swallowing unchewed food, eating at the wrong time, and etc. The sub- theme of "unconscious eating" includes those experiences accompanying emotional eating that are not within the control of the conscious mind, and includes eating without consciousness, eating without will, eating involuntarily, eating without thinking, eating without purpose, unwanted eating, and eating without the right to choose. The sub- theme of "body abuse" refers to the victimization of the body, especially the gastrointestinal tract, during emotional eating experiences, and includes distracting from negative emotions by engaging the mouth and stomach through eating, replacing pain caused by filling the stomach with psychological pain of anxiety and chewing foods with clenching teeth to vent anger. The sub- theme of "contradictory experiences" includes the functions of positive and negative emotional eating and contradictions in attitude, feelings, and behavior of participants during emotional eating; Like enjoying eating but with a sense of shame for how you eat, eating pleasantly but with a guilty conscience; eating with craving but without pleasure, eating with craving but unwanted and the necessity of eating unnecessary. The sub- theme of "eating addiction" includes quasi-addictive traits found in emotional eaters, such as; mental temptation to eat, eating out of habit, physical urge to eat, psychological dependence on eating, compulsive eating, and searching behavior to find food. The sub- theme of "excessive eating of certain foods" means that although the participants' overeating included a variety of foods; in particular, they ate more sugary foods, high caffeine foods, starchy or fatty foods, and high-fat and salty snacks. The sub- theme of "secretive eating" means that participants ate secretly to avoid negative judgments and blame for their overeating, or that secretive eating was to passively eat their share of the food.

The results of this study showed that emotional eating alone is not harmful, but some other experiences that accompany it, cause it to be harmful in physical, psychological, and social dimensions. An interesting finding of this study is the sub-theme of "body abuse". This sub-theme expresses the need for people to maintain their mental cohesion even at the cost of harming their body. Another important point of this study is that; the "harmful companions" of emotional eating that emerged in the form of seven sub-themes complicate the cognition and management of emotional eating, and it is necessary to pay attention to harmful companions in psychotherapy programs to manage emotional overeating especially in women.

Eating disorders are considered as a psychological disorder. This type of disorder causes physical and mental impairment disrupts the quality of life of the affected person and may increase mortality. Research evidence suggests that emotions greatly affect eating choices and eating behaviors, and eating behaviors have an impact on excitement. Studies have also shown that emotions like stress, depression and anger increase eating behaviors. Given that stress and excitement have led to an increase in eating in women, this leads to obesity and the risk of death, and that admission and commitment training as a treatment method are criteria for a good treatment, but domestic research that has an impact. This method has not been considered for emotional overeating and stress. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy to eating and stress in women with eating disorder.

This study was a quantitative study. In this study, a semi–experimental design, a pre–test and post–test design with control group was used to determine the effect of admission and commitment therapy on emotional overeating and stress in women with eating disorder. The statistical population of this study was all women with eating disorder in Tehran (capital city of Iran). Of this community, 30 were selected purposefully and randomly replaced in two groups in experimental and control (n=15 for each group); in the replacement of individuals, both groups (experiment and control) tried to match the age, education, and cultural conditions. The method of execution was to start the research after receiving the letter from the university and coordinating with the officials of the clinic in Tehran. First, for the experimental and control groups, a pre–test of the emotional and stress–seeking questionnaire was performed for both groups. Acceptance and commitment treatment sessions were performed in 8 sessions for the experimental group, but no intervention was applied to the control group. Immediately after the completion of the experimental intervention for the experimental group and the post–test group, an interpersonal relationship was performed. Thus, the required data finally, using SPSS software version 20 and test covariance was analyzed for the findings.

In this study, 30 women with eating disorder were present. The mean age of women was 41.33 years with a standard deviation of 3.12. The results showed that the mean emotional eating score of the experimental group decreased from 50.13±10.72 to 38.43±10.52 and the stress from 43.10±8.13 to 32.19±8.97, respectively. The results of covariance analysis indicated that the treatment of admission and commitment of emotional overeating and stress decreases in women with eating disorder (p<0.001).

Treatment of admission and commitment to emotional overeating and stress in women with eating disorder is effective. In explaining this result, it can be concluded that adherence–based therapy and commitment based on the techniques and content that are present in the sessions have led to a reduction emotional binge eating and stress. In this method of therapy, the individual fully treats experiences and mental perceptions without any internal or external reaction to their elimination, and as a result, he increases his mental awareness to normal focus on eating patterns. Focus on normalizing eating patterns. This type of acceptance and commitment in the individual leads to the planning and termination of overeating and evacuation cycles, and is taught to consume less food on a regular basis. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and therapists use this method more often for those with eating disorder. It is also suggested that future studies should be conducted on other age and sex groups. This treatment should be compared in larger groups and with other therapies, and in the follow–up period, the continuation of its therapeutic effect should be investigated.