جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "emotional schema" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Various psychological factors, such as mood and anxiety symptoms, can affect pain outcomes.

The present research was conducted to identify these factors aiming at providing a conceptual model of pain outcomes based on emotional schemas and symptoms mediated by experiential avoidance, pain acceptance, and self-compassion of patients with chronic pain.

In this descriptive correlational research, the statistical population consisted of men and women (aged 30-50) with chronic low back pain referring to pain clinics in Akhtar, Labafinejad, and Imam Hossein hospitals, Tehran, Iran, in 2019-2020. We selected 400 people using a convenience sampling method considering the inclusion criteria. The tools included the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ), Emotional Schemas-Short Form, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Data were analyzed with SPSS-21 and LISREL-8.8 using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

The fitted model showed that the direct effect of mood and anxiety symptoms on increasing emotional schemas (p<0.05) was equal to 5, and the direct effect of emotional schemas was significant on increasing experiential avoidance, reducing pain acceptance and self-compassion (p<0.05). Also, the indirect effect of mood and anxiety symptoms through increasing emotional schemas, increasing experiential avoidance, decreasing pain acceptance, and self-compassion on increasing pain outcomes was significant (p<0.05).

Experiential avoidance, pain acceptance, and self-compassion could mediate the relationship between emotional symptoms and emotional schemas to pain outcomes. Therefore, developing therapeutic interventions based on emotional schemas to reduce emotional schemas and experiential avoidance and increase pain acceptance and self-compassion could help reduce pain outcomes in patients with chronic pain.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the most debilitating disorders and is a condition in which the patient has mental obsessions (thoughts, impulses, or repetitive images that cause anxiety or discomfort) or practical obsessions (behavior of mental actions It is repetitive that the patient feels he must do to reduce psychological pressure and avoid certain events) or both. Obsessions are persistent and inappropriate thoughts or mental images that lead to anxiety and distress. This inappropriate quality of the obsession is often referred to as "self-inconsistent," meaning that the content of the obsession is foreign to the person, is not under their control, and is not the type of thought they expect. However, a person is able to recognize that mental obsessions are the product of his own mind and are not imposed from outside. Current cognitive-behavioral approaches to obsessive-compulsive disorder emphasize the role of ineffective beliefs in creating and perpetuating the disorder. These models assume intrusive thoughts as a cognitive stimulus and negative automatic thoughts and beliefs as a cognitive response. These automatic negative beliefs and thoughts affect a person's emotions and behaviors (compulsions). Theoretically, in obsessive-compulsive disorder, negative evaluations of intrusive and unwanted thoughts have been identified in three areas, which are: the importance of thoughts; Assessments that indicate the presence and meaning of thoughts are threatening or personally important, control thoughts; Assessments that point to the need to control thoughts in order to prevent the consequences of related threatening threats and responsibility; Assessments that indicate if thoughts persist. The person will be responsible for negative events. In addition to negative evaluations, it is thought that basic ineffective beliefs are responsible for negative evaluations and the phenomenon of obsession. Obsessive beliefs are a complex and multifactorial process, and many efforts are made to identify the risk factors in tending to it, including in students who are one of the vulnerable groups. However, a person is able to recognize that obsessive beliefs are the product of his own mind and are not imposed from outside. Therefore, by identifying the components related to this structure, the possibility of more accurate and practical interventions is also provided. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between metacognition, emotional schema, and rumination with obsessive beliefs of second year high school students in Zarand city.

The present study was a correlational descriptive study. The statistical population included all female students of the second year of Zarand in the academic year of 2018-2019, 1183 of which 291 were selected as the final sample using cluster random sampling. The research tools included Enil and Abedi's Metacognition Questionnaire (1996), Leahy's Emotional Schemas Questionnaire (2002), Nolen-Hoeksma and Moro's Rumination Questionnaire (1987) and Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44). Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression were used by spss-26 software.

The findings showed that there is a significant negative relationship between metacognitive variables and obsessive beliefs (r=-0.30) and between emotional schema and obsessive beliefs (r=-0.22) at the level of 0.001. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between rumination variables with obsessive beliefs (r=0.38) and emotional schemas (r=0.27) and a significant negative relationship between rumination and metacognition (r=0.26) at the 0.001 level. showed Also, the regression analysis showed that the value of R2 equal to 0.15 indicates that metacognitive variables and emotional schema and rumination jointly predict 16% of obsessive beliefs. According to the beta coefficient and the significance level of the studied variables, rumination, metacognition and emotional schema, respectively, have the greatest role in explaining obsessive beliefs.

The results confirmed the significant relationship between metacognitive variables and emotional schema with obsessive beliefs inversely and showed a significant positive relationship between rumination variables and obsessive beliefs. Also, variables of metacognition, emotional schema, and rumination were able to significantly predict obsessive beliefs. Therefore, it is suggested that the management training of mental rumination and metacognition, along with schema therapy, in order to prevent issues related to obsessive beliefs, especially in teenage students, should be considered important by school and country officials and should be included in their agenda. On the other hand, according to this principle. Parents and education officials should know that injuries and tensions may be formed due to their influence, which should be deeply considered and with a calculated and planned plan through psychological experts and specialists, a path for future investigations can be created.

According to the ever-increasing trend of the elderly population in Iran, addressing issues related to this group of the society appears to be of great importance. In this regard, the purpose of the present study was to consider the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between emotional schema and pain perception in the elderly. The statistical population of the current study included all the elderly members of the centers for aging in Shiraz, Iran, among whom 251 (104 male, 147 female) who suffer from pain at least in one area of their body, were selected using convenience sampling. Data were gathered using Leahy’s Emotional Schema Scale (LESS), Gratz and Roemer’s Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) as well as the McGill’s Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), and were analyzed by Structural Equations Modeling in SPSS-24 and LISREL- 10.20 software. The results of Structural Equations Modeling indicated that the extracted model has a good fit with the empirical data. Moreover, results revealed that using limited emotional regulation strategies is able to mediating the relationship between emotional schemas of consensus, rumination, expression and numbness with pain perception in the elderly. Therefore, according to the role that emotional schemas and difficulties in emotional regulation can paly in predicting the pain perception in elderly, paying attention to these factors in preparing education and therapeutic intervention seems crucial.

Marital satisfaction is one of the most important variables affecting family function that is affected by various psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between emotional schemas and marital satisfaction. 

The method of this research is descriptive-correlational. Three hundred four married female students of Yazd University were selected by the available sampling method and fill out the marital satisfaction (Enrich, 1989), emotional schemas (Khanezadeh et al., 2008), and five facet mindfulness (Baer et al., 2006) questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and AMOS software. 

The results showed that the model was acceptable for fitting and showed that emotional schemas and mindfulness had a direct effect on marital satisfaction. Mediating results also showed that emotional schemas through mindfulness indirectly affect marital satisfaction and mindfulness can significantly play the partial mediating role. The direct and indirect effects of emotional schemas on satisfaction were negative twenty-three hundredths and negative thirteen hundredths respectively. 

According to the findings of this study, paying attention to variables such as emotional schemas and mindfulness can play a role in increasing the marital satisfaction of couples.

mindfulness has an important role in depression. The present study investigatedthe impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on emotional schema and depression symptoms in women with major depressive disorder. In this experimental pretest-posttest study، twenty four patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received MBSR therapy over two months. Beck Depression Questionnaire and Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) were used to collect the data in the pre-test، post-test and two-month follow-up. Data were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance. MBSR significantly reduced the symptoms of depression (P<0. 01) and maladaptive emotional schemas (p<0. 01)، and increased adaptive emotional schemas (P<0. 01) in experimental group in the post-test and follow-up. The results of this study revealed the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in reducing the severity of depression and maladaptive emotional schema in depressed patients.

HIV infection affects a person''s life in all aspects of social، economic، health and mental health conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional schemas and resilience to HIV infection. 130 HIV infected people from the counseling center of behavioral illness of Imam Khomeini hospital were selected by convenience method. Data was collected using the resiliency and emotional schemas questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the statistical software (SPSS. 18)، Pearson correlation and stepwise regression methods. Stepwise regression analysis showed that 38% of total variance of resiliency in HIV infected people is predicted by four emotional schemas; rumination، validation by others، simplistic view، and acceptance of feeling (P<0. 05). There is a significant positive correlation between adaptive emotional schemas (such as expression، validation by others; simplistic view، higher value، agreement، and acceptance of feeling) and resiliency. Moreover، there is a negative correlation between maladaptive emotional schema such as rumination and resiliency. This study showed that the emotional schemas are significant predictors of resiliency in people living with HIV. Therefore، identifying and modifying maladaptive emotional schema through psychological intervention can be helpful in increasing resilience of people living with HIV.

Emotional schema، cognitive-behavioral avoidance and cognitive-affective system have important role in generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study was aimed to compare emotional schema، cognitive-behavioral avoidance and cognitive-affective system among patients with generalized anxiety disorder، obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy people. In an analytic retrospective study، 38 outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder and 35 outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who attended to psychiatric clinic of Ebne-Sina hospital and four private psychiatric centers of Mashhad city and 58 healthy persons among staffs and students of these centers were selected for convenience sampling. Data were collected by the Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS)، the Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS)، the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS)، Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-revised (ASI-R)، and then were statistically judged by appropriate tests. According to self-schema، all kinds of cognitive-behavioral avoidance، intolerance of uncertainty، pathological worry and anxiety sensitivity، there was significantly difference among three groups (P<0. 001). There wasn’t significantly difference among three groups in terms of other-schema and wasn’t significantly difference between obsessive-compulsive group and healthy persons based upon fear of respiratory symptoms (P>0. 05). In regards to higher negative self-schema، cognitive-behavioral avoidance، and deficient cognitive-affective system (intolerance of uncertainty، worry and anxiety sensitivity) in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder than healthy group. Therefore، it is necessity to pay attention for tailored interventions in these specific symptoms of such disorders.