جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « estrogen receptors » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related disorder, characterized by the gradual loss of memory and cognitive function owing to neuronal damage and brain shrinkage. This study aimed to investigate how intranasal injection of human adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned media (hADSC-CM) ameliorates cognitive performance and affects the level of estrogen receptor beta (Erβ) in the hippocampus of rats in an AD model.

A total of 32 male rats were divided into four groups, including the control, AD model, hADSC-CM, and vehicle groups. The Morris water maze was used to assess the animals’ behavioral changes. Moreover, Nissl and Thioflavin-S staining were performed to evaluate the histology of the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was also carried out to evaluate the expression level of Erβ. 

The intranasal injection of hADSC-CM improved the rats’ cognitive performance by reducing the number of dark cells and beta-amyloid plaques in the hippocampus in the AD model. Besides, the intranasal injection of hADSC-CM increased the level of Erβ in this model.

The present findings indicated that the intranasal injection of hADSC-CM ameliorated cognitive function. Amyloid plaques and dark cells also diminished in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Moreover, the expression level of ERβ increased. It can be concluded that hADSC-CM has significant treatment benefits for AD in rats.

Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is known to be an important prognostic factor in breast cancer. Numerous studies have shown HER2+ breast cancers have reduced overall survival and recovery time, as well as the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies along with chemotherapy in improving disease outcomes. For this reason, it is recommended that all patients with breast cancer should be evaluated for HER2 status. This study aimed to assess the HER2 gene amplification by the CISH method in evaluating the HER2 status in patients with immunohistochemistry (IHC) 2+ (equivocal) results.

This retrospective cross-sectional study examined HER2 status based on the Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) method in 280 breast carcinoma samples with an initial 2+ (equivocal) score in IHC. The relationship between HER2 amplification and hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) and Ki67 level was also investigated.

In sixty samples (21.4%), the HER2 gene was amplified based on the CISH method. The majority (215, 76.8%) of the samples were negative and 5 (1.8%) samples were indeterminate. No significant relationship was observed between HER2 amplification, estrogen receptor (p=0.143), and Ki-67 protein level (p=0.977). There was a significant inverse relationship between HER2 amplification and progesterone receptor positivity (p=0.007).

These results demonstrate that CISH is a helpful method to assess HER2 status in equivocal breast cancer and is positive (amplified) in about 21.4% of them.

Repeated implantation failure (RIF) affects 15% of women of reproductive age. There is a high endometrial expression of both estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors (PRs) during the window of implantation in women with RIF.

To evaluate the effects of intrauterine administration of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) on estrogen receptor α (ERα) and PRs expression in the endometrium of women with RIF during the implantation window.

This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 22 women with RIF history from January 2018 to August 2019 in Erfan hospital, Tehran, Iran. Participants were divided into 2 groups (PBMC-treated group [n = 11] and control group [n = 11]). Endometrial tissue samples were collected at the implantation window time, during the mid-secretory phase (luteinizing hormone surge +7 days) of each menstrual cycle. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique was used to measure the mRNA levels of ERα and PRs isoforms (PR-A and PR-B) in endometrial tissues. Furthermore, the protein expression of ERα and PRs was investigated using immunohistochemical staining.

PBMC treatment significantly decreased the mRNA expression of endometrial ERα and PRs isoforms at the time of the implantation window (p < 0.001). Moreover, the endometrial ERα and PRs protein localization were significantly lower in PBMC-treated women compared with controls (p = 0.01, and p < 0.001 respectively).

The intrauterine administration of PBMC decreased the endometrial ERα and PRs expression during the window of implantation in women with RIF. This local response to PBMC therapy could promote endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation.

Breast cancer is the leading cancer among Indian women and accounts for about 25% of all cancer cases worldwide. The present study aimed to assess Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in tumoral cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and evaluate their correlations with the Ki-67 labelling index in invasive breast carcinomas (IBC).

This descriptive observational study was conducted during 2016-2018 and included all diagnosed cases of IBC. The relationships between PD-L1 expression, TILs, hormone receptors, Ki-67, and clinicopathological parameters were studied in IBC. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 23.

Out of 114 evaluated cases, 33.33% (N=38) showed PD-L1+ expression in tumor cells and 47.37% (N=54) had PD-L1+ expression in TILs. A high Ki-67 index was observed in 96 cases. Moreover, 49 patients were estrogen receptor (ER)- and 65 were ER+. We observed that 22 of 49 ER- and 49 of 65 ER+ subjects showed PD-L1+ expression, respectively.

Our results showed a significant relationship between PD-L1 expression in tumoral cells and TILs, as well as between Ki-67 and TILs. In addition, an inverse correlation was noted between PD-L1 expression and ER. The PD-L1 expression in tumors and TILs and correlation with high Ki-67 may prove the importance of PD-L1 in targeted chemotherapy. An inverse relationship between PD-L1 and ER expression in tumoral cells suggests scope for immunotherapy in ER- IBC. However, further research with more cases is required.

Scoparia dulcis Linn. is reported to be used by women of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh in northeast India for treating menstrual disorders. Scoparia dulcis contains compounds that bind with estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) evidenced by increased PCNA in endometrial epithelium.

Crude extract was orally administered at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight/day to the female mice (60–70 days old) in five different groups. Each group containing six females included: (I) cyclic control, (II) cyclic extract treated, (III) Ovariectomized (OVX)-vehicle treated (Control), (IV) OVX-E2 treated (V) OVXextract treated. Extract was administered for eight days to the cyclic groups and three days to the OVX groups. PCNA was detected immunohistochemically in uterine tiss ues and signals were analyzed by Image J software (NIH, USA). Compounds were separated by GC-MS and identified using NIST. In silico molecular docking studies was performed with human estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the best interacting compound was done using gromacs.

The results showed cell proliferation in the uterine endometrium evidenced by PCNA. Two phytocompounds, Octadecanoic acid and methyl stearate showed binding affinity with ERα and ERβ.

Scoparia dulcis contains compounds having binding affinity with ERα and ERβ. The present study is the first report on compounds from Scoparia dulcis showing binding affinity with human estrogen receptors which may have biological effect on female reproduction.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence for which finding new and efficient therapeutic approaches has always been a challenge. Preserving integrity and functionality of pancreatic β-cells as the only source of insulin in the body is such a case. To achieve this goal different cellular targets have been proposed among which pancreatic estrogen receptors have gotten much attention. In this work, we evaluated the integrity and function of islets of Langerhans under the influence of factors known to intervene with estrogen receptors. Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, has been recently shown to interact with estrogen receptors but its toxicity in the pancreatic islets regarding this mechanism remains unclear. Isolated islets of Langerhans from the pancreas of rats were grouped and treated with cadmium chloride and also cadmium chloride plus β-estradiol. After 24 hr incubation, parameters of cellular viability, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and insulin secretion were measured. The results indicated that cadmium reduced viability of the islets along with an increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis markers, and β-estradiol, in turn, was able to alleviate these disturbances to some extent, implicating the protective role of β-estradiol against pancreatic toxicity of cadmium. It can be concluded that modification of estrogen receptors in the endocrine pancreas and especially β-cells may be a promising target to find a new therapeutic strategy for diabetes and even uncovering mechanisms of environmental toxicants that have been known as risk factors of diabetes.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a glycoprotein that belongs to the family of non-inhibitory serpins. The broad spectrum of PEDF biological activity is evident when considering its effects in promoting cell survival and proliferation, as well as its antiangiogenic, antitumor, and anti-metastatic properties. Although the structural domains of the PEDF gene that mediate such diverse effects and their mechanisms of action have not been completely elucidated, there is a large body of evidence describing their diverse range of activities; this evidence combined with the regulation of PEDF expression by sex steroids and their receptors have led to the idea that PEDF is not only a diagnostic and prognostic marker for certain diseases such as cancer, but is also a potential therapeutic target. In this manner, this paper aims to generally review the regulation of PEDF expression and PEDF interactions, as well as the findings that relate PEDF to the role of estrogens and estrogen receptors. In addition, this manuscript will review major advances toward potential therapeutic applications of PEDF.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the world. The aim of this study was to assess estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2/neu of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) with tumor size, histologic grade, lymph node metastasis and age. This study was carried out on 300 tissue blocks ofpatients with IDC who underwent mastectomy from 2007 to 2011 in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Data including age, tumor size, and histologic grade and lymph node status retrieved from pathology department. Themean age of the patients was 40.2±2.3 (ranged 19-82 years). ER and PR were positively correlated with each other (P= 0.001) and they inversely correlated with HER-2/neu (P=0.001). We observed correlation between ER and PR expression and low histologic grade (P= 0.001) and HER-2/neu expression and high histologic grade (P= 0.003). There was correlation between HER-2/neu expression and lymph node involvement (P=0.03). None of these makers showed correlation with age and tumor size (P> 0.05). Our findings indicate the importance of ER, PR and HER-2/neu expression as prognostic factors for therapeutic decision.

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer of Indian women. Estrogen and Progesterone expression is seen in benign breast lesions and in breast carcinoma associated with good prognostic parameters and it correlates well with response to hormone therapy. Although a lot of studies have been conducted in the past on hormone receptor expression in breast cancer and few have correlated them with other prognostic parameters of breast cancer, the present study was intended to document the prevalence of hormone receptor positive breast carcinomas in our population; their importance in benign breast diseases; to document a reliable scoring system of hormone receptors expression by Quick scoring; to correlate them with most of the proven prognostic parameters of breast carcinoma. Tissue specimens from 25 patients with benign breast disease and 50 patients with breast carcinoma were assayed for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors using Quick scoring. ER/PR expression in breast carcinomas was correlated with various prognostic parameters including patients’ age, menopausal status, tumor size, type, MBR grade, NPI, lymphatic vessel invasion, lymph node stage, lymphomononuclear invasion, elastosis and HER2/neu status. Scoring of steroid receptors paralleled intensity of hyperplasia in benign breast diseases but in breast carcinoma, it was inversely correlated with grade of tumor, NPI, HER2/neu status, tumor necrosis, lymphomononuclear infiltrate and elastosis. We found no relationship with tumor size, lymph node status or age. Assessment of hormone receptors for clinical management of breast cancer patients is strongly advocated to provide prognostic information and best therapeutic options.

Because of the reported poor prognosis and absence of effective and specific therapeutic approaches, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors have remained as an important area of investigations for clinicians and researchers. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, pathological, histological, prognostic features, and outcome associated with this type of breast cancer in Iran. We also tried to identify main determinants of long-term survival in women suffered from TNBC tumor type. This is a historical cohort study of 546 consecutive female breast cancer patients with known status of hormonal receptors and diagnosed at the Rasoul-e-Akram University Hospital of Iran between January 2009 and June 2011. Baseline data were collected from patient records and hospital charts. Long-term outcome was determined from clinic records when available or by means of written correspondence with patient's physicians and telephone interviews directly with the patients or with family members. Follow-up data were collected by our research personnel for a mean follow-up duration 5.7 years. A total of 86 of 546 final included participants with breast cancer were identified as having TNBC (15.8%).The patients with TNBC diagnosis were significantly younger than non-TNBC group and family history of breast cancer was more prevalent in former group. Regarding histopathological feature, medullary feature was more prevalent in TNBC group, while other features were similarly revealed in both groups. With respect to tumor grading, TNBC group was graded higher than non-TNBC group that grade III of tumor was reported in 51.1% of the TNBC patients, but in 15.9% of another group. Also, the stage of tumor was significantly higher in the TNBC group. Tumor size > 50 mm was observed in 18.6% of the TNBC and 14.8% of non-TNBC groups. Metastasis to liver as well as concurrent metastasis to brain and pulmonary was more prevalent in TNBC compared with another group. The Kaplan-Meier curves based showed the survival probability at 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year of follow-up in TNBC group was 92.7%, 86.2%, and 44.9%, respectively. This survival rates in non-TNBC group was 98.7%, 87/2%, and 72.5%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that TNBC diagnosis could strongly predict long-term mortality in breast cancer patients. Besides, tumor size, number of involved lymph nodes and higher tumor grade were other determinants of cancer-related long-term mortality. The present study on Iranian TNBCs population shows that TNBCs account for about 15.8% of all invasive breast cancers, and they usually have a high histological stating and metastasis susceptibility.

Evaluation of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors is important in the management and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is currently the worldwide accepted methodology for detection of ER/PR receptors in breast carcinomas. However, technical artifacts may alter the results. Since most authorities believe that there are no true ER-negative/PR-positive breast tumors, therefore we hypothesized that technical artifact in IHC might cause ER-negative/PR positive cases. The clinical records of 2432 patients treated by surgery at six community hospitals for different histologic subtypes of breast carcinoma were reviewed. Among them, 43 (1.8%) patients reported as ER-negative/PR-positive were re-evaluated in a reference laboratory. Expressions of ER and PR were evaluated by IHC on the same paraffin block used for the initial testing. The repeat study showed that of the 43 patients with the initial results of ER-negative/PR-positive, 24 (55.8%) were ER-positive/PR-positive, 15 (34.9%) were ER-negative/PR-negative, and 4 (9.3%) were ER-positive/PR-negative. In none of the 43 cases were the initial results (ER-negative/PR-positive) confirmed. Technical artifacts in IHC may alter ER/PR results in breast carcinomas. The technical factors affecting steroid receptor IHC ought to be properly controlled to provide reliable results.

Incidental detection of two primaries call for oncosurgeon''s own judgment to decide the best therapeutic approach as no guidelines exist given the rarity of condition..This is the sixth reported case of incidental renal cell cancer in a patient of endometrial cancer. Renal cell cancer was detected on preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a patient who presented as postmenopausal bleeding and histology proven endometrial carcinoma. Both primaries were simultaneously treated surgically. Final histology confirmed dual primaries with uterine primary being endometrioid adenocarcinoma stage Ic, estrogen progesterone receptor positive; where as renal primary was clear cell carcinoma stage Ib, estrogen and progesterone receptor negative..Estrogen receptors have been identified in Hamster and mouse kidneys as well as in renal cell carcinoma tissues. High plasma estrogen found in some patients of synchronous renal and endometrial cancer may partly explain the association of these two primaries, though not in all cases. Increased serum leptin levels and a common low penetrance susceptibility gene have been reported in both these cancers..