جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "examination" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

There has been increasing interest in exploring the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields, including education. Medical education is an area where AI can potentially have a significant impact, especially in helping students answer their customized questions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the capability of ChatGPT, a conversational AI model in generating answers to medical physiology exam questions in an Indian medical school.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2023 in an Indian Medical School, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India. The first mid-semester physiology examination was taken as the reference examination. There were two long essays, five short essay questions (total mark 40), and 20 multiple-choice questions (MCQ) (total mark 10). We generated the response from ChatGPT (in March 13 version) for both essay and MCQ questions. The essay-type answer sheet was evaluated by five faculties, and the average was taken as the final score. The score of 125 students (all first-year medical students) in the examination was obtained from the departmental registery. The median score of the 125 students was compared with the score of ChatGPT using Mann-Whitney U test.

The median score of 125 students in essay-type questions was 20.5 (Q1-Q3: 18-23.5) which corresponds to a median percentage of 51.25% (Q1-Q3: 45-58.75) (P=0.147). The answer generated by ChatGPT scored 21.5 (Q1-Q3: 21.5-22), which corresponds to 53.75% (Q1-Q3: 53.75-55) (P=0.125). Hence, ChatGPT scored like that of the students (P=0.4) in essay-type questions. In MCQ-type questions, ChatGPT answered 19 correctly in 20 questions (score=9.5), and this was higher than the median score of students (6) (Q1-Q3: 5-6.5) (P<0.0001).

ChatGPT has the potential to generate answers to medical physiology examination questions. It has a higher capability to solve MCQ questions than essay-type ones. Although ChatGPT was able to provide answers that had the quality to pass the examination, the capability of generating high-quality answers for educational purposes is yet to be achieved. Hence, its usage in medical education for teaching and learning purposes is yet to be explored.

COVID-19 is a new acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a novel Coronavirus (2019-COV-2) infection. On November 26, 2021, the World Health Organization announced a new 2019-COV-2 variant strain Omicron (B.1.1.529). Omicron's emergence added further uncertainty to the outbreak. Here we report the first case infected with Omicron in China, a 17-year-old female student. In this paper, the clinical symptoms, laboratory and imaging examinations and treatment of the first Omicron-infected patient in China were analyzed. This report might provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of patients infected with Omicron strain across the world. The novel Coronavirus antibody tests were performed on the day of admission: IgM level was normal, novel Coronavirus antibody IgG was 132.666s /CO and IgG was 148.47s /CO on the 7th day of admission. IgG showed an increasing trend, which is consistent with the results of multiple novel Coronavirus non-Omicron strain infections.

This study aims to use the artificial neural network as a novel approach to explore factors that determine and predict successful performance of nursing interns in Saudi Arabia on the Saudi Nursing Licensure Examination (SNLE).

The study employed a cross‑sectional, analytic approach. A total of 62 nursing interns were recruited by convenience sampling from the University of Hail to participate. Data collection was conducted from September to December 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic characteristics of the nursing interns and their responses regarding examination determinants. Neural network analysis was used to identify factors that are highly predictive of the success of the nursing interns on the SNLE.

Overall, the nursing interns were undecided (3.94 ± 0.14) about the influential factors determining their success. Their study hours (100%) and grade point average (GPA) (96.9%) were identified as strong determinants reflective of the tenacity and vigor of the nursing interns, based on the predictive power of the model. Meanwhile, age (45.7%), marital status (21.3%), gender (15.2%), and the type of academic program (5.9%) were considered the least important of the sociodemographic variables.

Exam preparation activities such as preparation programs, review classes, and exam simulations must be promoted and enhanced to increase the passing tendencies of the nursing interns in the SNLE. The GPA and increased study hours make the most significant contributions to success on the SNLE as compared to other variables such as age, gender, marital status, and the academic program. This study serves as a springboard for nursing educators and administrators in laying tailored strategies to strengthen the nurse interns’ GPA and time management.

In the daily lives of people, the level of anxiety plays a significant role. This applies to students, who experience anxiety when taking examinations referred to as examination anxiety. Majority of the current educational institutions have shifted from a traditional evaluation system to one that is computerized. The present study aim is to identify the computerized examination anxiety (CEA) among college students in the Faculty of Health and to compare the differences among them based on study system and gender.

The research is a descriptive quantitative design. The research population consists of 138 health college students. CEA scale was used to identify the level of examination anxiety among students. Data were then exposed to analysis, namely the descriptive statistics, independent sample t‑test, and Chi‑square tests, to obtain the answers to the research questions at the level of <0.05.

Based on the findings, the CEA experienced by the health students was of moderate level. The findings also showed insignificant differences between students’ levels of anxiety based on gender and study system at <0.05 value.

The study contributed to literature by adding a study related to CEA during COVID‑19. The study enumerated implications and recommendations based on the findings.

Breast Neoplasms is one of the most prevalent cancers in women. In the early stages, the disease can be diagnosed and controlled by Breast Self-Examination(BSE).But sometimes attitude barriers avoiding women to BSE. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes barriers of breast self-examination from the perspective of women who refer to health centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences(SUMS). the research was conducted as a cross sectional method in August to September 2019 on women 20-60 years referring to health centers affiliated to SUMS. Participants were selected by simple Random sampling and 101 complete questionnaires were returned. Data collection tool was the researcher-made questionnaire included 5 comonents(12 items) in Likert scales. Data were analyzed by SPSS22 software using One sample T-test, Independednt T-test and Pearson correlation. Except for the component of mental beliefs(P=0.92), all other components, were significantly lower than expected (p <0.001).The mean scores were for embarrassment (2.85±0.48), previous knowledge(2.93±0.69), negligence(3.03±0.49), and fear of breast mass (3.05±0.43)respectively. Attitudinal barriers decreased with increasing education(p=0.01). Also, in evaluating the correlation between the components, the highest correlation was between previous knowledge effect and Negligence(r=0.66), Embarrassing(r=0.52), fear of breath mass(0.50) respectively. Also correlation between negligence and fear of breast madd was 0.52. Because some factors such as incorrect previous knowledge, embarrassment, fear and forgetfulness are barriers to BSE, designing educational programs at different age and educational levels is essential especially for adolescents.To eliminate previous misconceptions and attitudes, creating good culture through public media and social networks can be effective.

To evaluate the accuracy of glaucomatous optic neuropathy diagnosis in a resident based hospital.

Four hundred twenty eyes of 210 patients underwent ocular examination including intra ocular pressure and optic nerve head measurements by third and fourth year residents and suspect cases were referred to a glaucoma specialist for validation. After reevaluation by the specialist a comparison between these two examination results was performed to evaluate the over diagnosis of disease by residents.

In this prospective study, eighteen eyes out of 420 evaluated eyes were diagnosed as either glaucoma suspect (14 eyes) or glaucoma (4 eyes) by residents. After reevaluation by the glaucoma specialist only one eye had suspect optic nerve head which was referred for optic nerve head imaging. All other eyes had normal optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer in examination by the specialist.

The results of the present study indicate a high rate of glaucomatous optic neuropathy over diagnosis by third and fourth year ophthalmology residents. Further studies are needed to find if this over diagnosis is related to poor training or anxiety among residents to miss a real case of glaucoma.

The present study aimed to apply the Health Belief Model (HBM) in breast self-examination among the female university students in Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 female students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Isfahan, Iran. Participants were selected via simple random sampling and completed the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20, and the two-tailed P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Distribution of the study population across the stages of change was as follows: pre-contemplation (n = 107; 42.8%), contemplation (n = 55; 22%), preparation (n = 32; 12.8%), action (n = 33; 13.2%), and maintenance (n = 23; 19%). Mean scores of the HBM constructs were as follows: perceived susceptibility (8.77 ± 4.16), perceived severity (24.63 ± 5.80), perceived benefits (22.96 ± 12.86), and perceived barriers (27.21 ± 17.18).
According to the results, few students were in the action and maintenance stages of breast self-examination and had inadequate knowledge regarding some of the risk factors for breast cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that educational programs be implemented to provide comprehensive information on the risk factors for breast cancer, perceived susceptibility, and self-efficacy.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. Given its low cost, wide availability, and lack of need for complex training, breast self-examination has turned into an important tool for early detection of cancer, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the housewives’ awareness of breast self-examination, stages of change of BSE behavior, and the related factors among women referring to health centers of Birjand city in 2016.
This descriptive, analytic study was conducted on 450 housewives aged between 20 to 40 years referring to healthcare centers of Birjand. Sampling was performed through multistage cluster sampling method. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire which included a demographic characteristics section and various items on knowledge and stages of change. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The data were analyzed in SPSS-19 using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.
Mean age of the participants was 30.7±5.2 years and 97.8% of them were married. According to behavior change stages, 32.9% of the participants were in the pre-contemplation stage, while 19.68%, 23.3%, 18.2% and 6% were respectively in contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance stages. The mean awareness score was 6.72±2.49. Fisher exact test showed a significant relationship between the stages of change with the level of education (P=0.001), family history of breast cancer (P=0.03), and awareness (P Given the low performance of women in breast self-examination, it is required on the part of health authorities to plan and implement the needed educational interventions.

Breast cancer is a major health problem. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple method for breast cancer screening. The health belief model (HBM) is a model for conventionalizing and management of health-related behaviors such as breast cancer screening. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between HBM and BSE among Iranian university students.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 247 medical and paramedical students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2010. Data was collected using Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) for breast cancer screening whose validity and reliability have been verified in previous studies. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The average age of samples was 21.76 ± 2.6 years. Students with a positive family history of breast cancer performed BSE more frequently (9.2% compared with 82.2%, P Since medical and paramedical students are regarded as role models of healthy behaviors, it is critical to have an awareness of their health beliefs on BSE. In addition, positive behavior and attitude towards BSE enables students to perform breast cancer screening tests more effectively. According to the results, it is necessary to improve students’ knowledge of and attitude towards BSE by training programs.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. However, early detection of this cancer leads to a timely treatment and better prognosis, which significantly improves the survival rate in patients.. The purpose of this study was to predict the breast cancer screening behavior of women who referred to health centers in Dezful, Iran, using the health belief model (HBM)..Patients and This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 226 women who were selected with cluster sampling method from those referred to Dezful health centers. Data collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire based on the constructs of the HBM. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and through methods of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression.. According to the findings of the study, the knowledge and performance of women were poor, and there was a significant relationship between women’s performance and variables of knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action. In addition, variables of knowledge (P = 0.001), perceived sensitivity (P = 0.022), and self-efficacy (P = 0.001) were predictors of performance in women participating in this study.. Poor knowledge and performance of women indicates a crucial need for formal educational programs to sensitize women regarding the importance of breast cancer screening. These educational programs should consider factors affecting breast cancer screening behaviors..

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, with a high rate of mortality. The burden of disease and its serious outcome could be prevented by early detection. Thus, the objective of this study was investigation the awareness, attitude and practice of breast cancer screening women. Patients and This cross-sectional study has conducted on 500 representative samples of women aged 20 - 65 years who referred to urban area of Babol health centers in 2012. The data have collected with standard questionnaire. The demographic data, the knowledge of risk factors and symptoms and sign, the health belief, and the practice of women in breast cancer screening have collected by interview. The results show that only 14.8% of participants had a high level of knowledge for breast cancer risk factors and 33.8% at high level of awareness of symptoms and signs. The level of awareness has significantly associated with higher age (P = 0.03) and higher educational level (P = 0.04). Only 10.2% and 8.4% of women have performed breast self- examination (BSE) monthly and breast clinical examination (BCE) annually respectively. The practice of women with BSE has significantly associated with aging (P = 0.005), higher educational level (P = 0.007), higher knowledge (P = 0.001) and positive attitude toward perceived benefits and confidence and health motivation (P = 0.001). The low level of awareness and practice of breast cancer screening have found in this study, emphasized an extension of framework health educational program, particularly in younger and low educated women.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women. In developed countries، one in every nine women will be diagnosed with this type of cancer. The prevalence of breast cancer is increasing and compared with similar patients in Western countries are about 10 years younger. The aim of this research is Investigation breast self-examination based on stage of change (SOC) in those volunteers in Mashhad، Iran، 2013. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 410 health volunteers above age 20 years. They are people that in order to promote healthy behaviors in society، learned hygiene skills and training necessary courses and they transfer their know ledges to at least 50 families. They were selected by stratified sampling method from population covered by urban health centers of Mashhad. Each of 1 to 5 health centers of Mashhad was considered as a class. Cases were selected and studied from each class، proportional to the number of covered volunteers of that health center. Data were collected by self-report questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 18 and statistical t-test، Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient، linear regression. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significance. The means’s of age participant was 34. 7±9. 2 In review the prediction Breast Self- examination behavior based on stage of change، it was shown that structure of stage of change 54 percent can be variable predictive in Breast Self- examination. This study had shown the effectiveness of structure of stage of change to emphasize the behavior related to BSE. Thus، it seems to be a theory as a framework for designing educational programs to improve women''s health and reduce deaths from breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is extremely effective in its treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of education on breast self-examination knowledge, attitude, and practice among female employees of Birjand University, Birjand, Iran. This one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2012 on 89 female employees of Birjand University who agreed to participate in the study. A three-part researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The first part was a demographic questionnaire containing items such as age, marital status, and education, history of common breast problems, history of breast self-examination, and history of breast cancer among first-degree relatives. The second and the third parts were related to breast self-examination knowledge (20 items) and attitude (ten items). An educational program was implemented for the participants by a pathologist. Educations were provided in a 90-minute session through presenting a lecture, distributing pamphlets, showing a video clip, and using the question-and-answer method. The knowledge and the attitude questionnaires were completed by the participants both before and two months after the study intervention. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS software (v. 15.0) and through performing the Wilcoxon, the Kruskal-Wallis, the Man-Whitney U, and the McNemar’s tests. P values of less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Among 89 participating women, 81 (91%) were married. Participants’ average age was 39.2±7.3 years. Compared with the pretest readings, the means of women’s breast self-examination knowledge and attitude significantly increased after the intervention (P<0.001). Moreover, after the study, there was a significant difference among women with different educational status regarding the mean scores of knowledge and attitude. However, the differences among different age and gender groups were not significant. The pretest-posttest mean differences of knowledge and attitude were also not significantly related with women’s other demographic characteristics. Based on the findings of the present study, education can be effective in improving women’s knowledge and attitude about breast cancer screening methods. Consequently, running educational programs is recommended for effective prevention and prompt treatment of breast cancer.