جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "glycated hemoglobin a" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Diabetes mellitus is a major global public health concern, particularly due to its complications and associated mortality and morbidity. Ethnic differences in the epidemiology of diabetes necessitate population-specific studies to identify factors influencing glycemic control.

This study aimed to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with achieving HbA1c targets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at the Yazd Diabetes Center in Iran.

In this retrospective study, data were extracted from the medical records of 3,454 patients with type 2 diabetes at the Yazd Diabetes Research Center (March 2020 - December 2022). Data analysis was performed using chi-squared tests, t -tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression in R version 4.0.2.

The cohort, predominantly female (59%) and primarily educated at the elementary level (65%), had an average age of 59.5 years (SD = 10) and a mean diabetes duration of 10.7 years (SD = 7.6). In the multivariable logistic regression model, older age (B = 0.03, OR = 1.03 per year, P < 0.001) and higher education level (secondary school B = 0.664, OR = 1.94, P < 0.001; academic education B = 0.834, OR = 2.30, P < 0.001) remained significant independent predictors of achieving HbA1c < 7%. The interaction term revealed that each additional year of diabetes duration led to a 3% greater reduction in the odds of achieving HbA1c < 7% for females compared to males (B = -0.029, OR = 0.97, P = 0.011), indicating gender-specific impacts of diabetes duration.

This study found that demographic factors, including older age and higher education levels, were significantly associated with better glycemic control. The duration of diabetes negatively affected HbA1c outcomes, with a more pronounced impact in females than in males.

Reducing the frequency of self?monitoring of blood sugar, due to needle phobia, pain, stress, and costs associated with the procedure, can improve patient compliance and quality of life, provided that adequate blood sugar control is maintained. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low?frequency blood glucose self?monitoring (LFBGSM) on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels among older adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treated with or without insulin.

This randomized controlled trial with a parallel design was conducted on 121 older adults with T2DM in Sabzevar, Iran, between 2018 and 2020. Initially, subjects were stratified based on the type of treatment (with or without insulin) and then randomly assigned to intervention (LFBGSM) and control (no blood glucose self?monitoring [no?BGSM]) groups. HbA1C levels were measured at thebeginning of the study and 3 months later for all study groups.

The mean age of participants treated with and without insulin was 64.3 ± 9.60 and 64.7 ± 5.01 years, respectively. The ANCOVA test revealed a significant difference in the mean HbA1C levels among the four groups 3 months postintervention (P < 0.001). The HbA1C scores significantly decreased in the LFBGSM groups and increased in the no?BGSM groups at 3 months postintervention (insulin/LFBGSM, insulin/no?BGSM, noninsulin/LFBGSM, and noninsulin/no?BGSM: 7.74 ± 0.76, 8.34 ± 1.53, 7.70 ± 0.75, and 8.14 ± 1.11, respectively) compared to baseline (8.25 ± 0.67, 8.03 ± 0.64, 8.08 ± 0.69, and 7.83 ± 0.74, respectively). The least significant difference post hoc tests showed significant differences between specific groups, emphasizing subtle responses to interventions (P values ranging from 0.001 to 0.929).

Findings suggest a significant reduction in HbA1C scores within the LFBGSM groups, while a discernible increase is observed in the no?BGSM groups over the 3 months. These findings  underscore the efficacy of the interventions and emphasize the crucial role of  personalized approaches in optimizing glycemic control for individuals with diabetes.

Diabetes and thyroid disorders (TD) are two prevalent endocrine conditions in adults. While the association between TD and type 1 diabetes is well documented, the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and TD remains unclear due to its complex mechanisms and the involvement of multiple variables. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of TD in patients with T2DM referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center in 2019.

This cross-sectional descriptive study included 411 patients with T2DM. Data were collected using a checklist comprising demographic information (age, sex, type of drug used, duration of diabetes) and clinical and laboratory information. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software.

Among the 411 patients with T2DM, 352 (85.6%) had no TD, 38 (9.24%) had hypothyroidism, and 21 (5.10%) had hyperthyroidism. There were no significant differences among groups in terms of gender (P= 0.269), age (P= 0.154), fasting blood sugar (FBS) level (P= 0.196), type of treatment (P= 0.9), and duration of T2DM (P= 0.138). However, a significant relationship was found between TD and the average level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (P= 0.021).

This study highlights a significant prevalence of TD among patients with T2DM, particularly noting the impact on HbA1c levels. Regular screening for TD in patients with T2DM is recommended to improve glycemic control and overall diabetes management. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking TD and T2DM and to develop targeted interventions.

 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health issue in the modern era. Type 2 DM is the most common form and accounts for 90%. DM is identified to have a prothrombotic tendency, and the causative agent involved in this process might be the hyperactivity of the platelets. This study is intended to assess mean platelet volume in diabetes mellitus patients as well as the correlation between HbA1c and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in prediabetic, diabetic, and normoglycemic status.

 This was a prospective study conducted in the department of pathology, Hassan Institute of Medical Science, Hassan, India for a period of 3 months, from May 2022 to July 2022. The total sample size of this study was 600, which included 200 cases of diabetes, 200 patients with prediabetic status, and 200 subjects with normoglycemic levels. Diabetic, prediabetic, and normoglycemic status was confirmed by reviewing the medical records. Cases with abnormal hematocrit, abnormal platelet values, and chemotherapy patients were excluded from the study. Data was compiled and statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2021. 

 The most common age group to have DM was 41 to 50 years, followed by 61 to 70 years. There is gender predilection in DM. The majority of people with diabetes have MPV between 8.01 to 10.00 fL. However, the majority of non-diabetics have MPV below eight fL.

 MPV is found to be higher in the people with diabetes when compared to prediabetics and non-diabetics. Also, HbA1c and MPV are positively correlated. Hence MPV and HbA1c can be used as markers of poor glycemic control and associated complications of diabetes.

Receptor advanced glycation end products (RAGE) activation plays an essential role in diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression. This study was aimed to explore the role of anti-RAGE antibodies (RAGE antagonists) in inhibiting DR progression through their hypoglycemic and anti inflammatory mechanism in diabetic retinopathy induced rats.

A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five group. The group was consisted of normal control group, DR group without treatment, DR group with anti-RAGE 1 g/kg BW, 10 g/kg BW, and 100 g/kg BW. To assess the diabetic retinopathy, fundus photographs were taken every week using a camera with 16x magnification placed in front of the rat's eyes. Blood glucose was checked by the glucose oxidase-peroxidase method. Retinal TNF- levels and VEGF were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

The finding of this study showed that anti-RAGE treatment at dose of 10 and 100 g/kg BW, HbA1c levels were significantly higher (p< 0.05) compared to the normal control group but significantly lower (p< 0.05) than in the diabetes group. The mean blood vessel diameter in the DR+anti-RAGE 10 and 100 g/kg BW groups was significantly lower than in the diabetic retinopathy group (p< 0.05). The administration of anti-RAGE 10 and 100 g/kg BW showed the ability to significantly reduce VEGF levels compared to the DR group (p< 0.05).

This study revealed at doses of 10 and 100 g/kg BW, anti-RAGE antibodies improved diabetic retinopathy in Wistar rats through hypoglycemic effects and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

The risk of developing diabetes mellitus for an individual with a positive family history of the disease is two- to fourfold higher in an offspring of a diabetic compared with offspring of non-diabetic shown by serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. There is paucity of data on pre-diabetes in our environment. This study was designed to determine the baseline HbA1c levels of normoglycemic offspring of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Ijebu-ode, Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional study of offspring of T2DM patients (ODP) and those of offspring of non-diabetic parents (ONDP). Diabetic offspring were exempted from the study. FBS was determined using enzymatic hexokinase method to determine glucose concentrations and exclude diabetes. Serum HbA1c was measured using standard method. Height and weight were measured using standard methods. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. There were 100 ODP and 100 ONDP aged 16 to 40 years. The most populated aged group was 21 to25 years which is 44% (n = 88). 6% (n = 12) of the study group were obese. 19% were overweight (n = 38). The mean weight of ODP was significantly higher than that of ONDP (P = 0.020). Also, the mean HBA1c of ODP was significantly higher than that of ONDP (P < 0.001). The serum HbA1c level was significantly higher among ODP than ONDP. The mean weight was significantly higher in ODP than ONDP.

There are numerous studies published regarding the association between air pollutants and diabetes mellitus but limited studies on the overall trend and association of Particulate Matter 2.5 and HbA1c among lower-middle-income and high-income countries. So, this secondary data analysis is aimed to investigate the trend of Particulate Matter 2.5 and HemoglobinA1c and evaluate the association between them in these countries.

This is secondary data analysis. The values of Particulate Matter 2.5 (years 2010-17), fasting plasma glucose (years 2010-2014), and Gross Domestic Product per capita (years 2010-18) for Lower middle income and High-Income countries were obtained from relevant sources. HemoglobinA1c values were calculated. Countries with missing data were excluded. The Independent-Student T-test and Pearson correlation were applied to analyses the data using the SPSS-23-Trial version.

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in High-income countries increased significantly in the past10 years while minimal changes were seen in Lower middle-income countries. The particulate Matter 2.5 value has decreased, and there is a slight increase in HemoglobinA1c in both groups. There is a substantially higher Gross Domestic Product per capita in High income countries, significantly higher Particulate Matter 2.5 in Lower middle-income countries, and similar HemoglobinA1c in both income groups. There is a weak negative correlation between particulate Matter 2.5 and HemoglobinA1c in Lower middle-income countries, while a significant positive correlation was seen in High-income countries.

The higher Particulate matter 2.5 in Lower middle-income countries is a concern because various studies have related the increased Particulate Matter 2.5 to increased Diabetes Mellitus prevalence. This demands the appropriate interventions in Lower middle-income group countries to reduce ambient air pollution and health planning to reduce the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus in the future.

Kefir (a traditional collection of beneficial microbes) is a popular accepted beverage that usually consumed for its health‑promoting effects in Iran and Caucasian regions. In this case, the beneficial effects of a kind of kefir were reported on glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) level, and weight loss of an indexed diabetic mellitus patient. The patient as a supplement of her routine anti‑diabetic drugs consumed Probiotic kefir. After 90 days of consumption the patient, have about 4 kg weight loss, and her HbA1c decreased from 7.9 to 7.1. Depth of sleep and energizing effects of kefir was also from very remarkable findings of this case, as reported by the patient.

There has been considerable interest in target immunotherapy in patients with diabetes. This study was designed to identify the effect of BCG vaccination in the treatment of Iranian patients with longstanding diabetes mellitus type 1.

After approval of the cross-sectional study protocol by the ethics committee under number IRCT2017042919940N2, a total of 19 Iranian volunteers with diabetes mellitus type 1 completed this 48-month study. These patients received three 0.1 ml intradermal injections of BCG vaccination in weeks 0, 4 and 24.  The serum level of glucose, HgbA1C and c-peptide was measured before and serially after the interventions. Insulin requirements were recorded for each patient in different weeks as the mean and standard deviation..

This study showed a decrease in the blood sugar level of 171.15±75.54 mg/dL in baseline to 133.77±76.97 mg/dL in 12 weeks after the first dose of BCG vaccination in these patients. There was no significant change in the mean± SD of serum blood sugar, HgbA1C and c-peptide after BCG vaccination in the baseline and week 48.    

Our results showed that small doses of BCG vaccination were not effective in long-term treatment of Iranian patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 up to 48 weeks.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease that should be managed with insulin in case of oral glucose lowering drugs (OGLDs) failure. If basal insulin is not sufficient, rapid acting insulin will be added before the largest meal. We assessed the impact of adding one prandial insulin to a basal based regimen and insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes to measure the percentage of subjects achieving the HbA1c target by the end of 24 weeks of treatment in routine clinical practice.

This study was a 24-week observational study of patients with T2D not adequately controlled with OGLDs and basal insulin, for whom the physician had decided to initiate prandial insulin. The study endpoint was assessed at visit 1 (baseline), visit 2 at week 12 (±1 week) and visit 3 at week 24 (±1 week). The percentage of patients who achieved HbA1c targets was assessed at week 24. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS for Windows v 19 (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA). Logistic regression analysis was used to detect predicting factors of achieving the HbA1c target by week 24. P<0.05 was considered as significant level.

Four hundred and eighteen patients with a mean±SD age of 56.24±9.85 years and a mean±SD duration of diabetes of 12.50±7.16 years were included. The median total daily dose of basal insulin was 24 units, while prandial insulin was started with 6 (4, 10) U/day, titrating up to 10 (8, 18) U/day at week 24. The daily dose of prandial insulin was the only factor that could significantly predict achieving targeted HbA1c by week 24 [OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.007,1.079; p-value: 0.019]. At week 24, 96 (22.9%) subjects achieved the HbA1c target with one prandial insulin.

The results of our study suggest that “basal plus therapy” can lead to good glycemic control with a low risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This cross-sectional study investigated the bone mineral density (BMD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects with or without chronic periodontitis (CP).

A total of 120 subjects aged 35‒55, divided equally into four groups: i) T2DM with CP, ii) T2DM without CP, iii) CP alone, and iv) healthy patients, were included in this study. Clinical parameters like plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were recorded. All the participants were evaluated for blood sugar levels using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and BMD by Hologic dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. The association of BMD with clinical periodontal parameters and HbA1c in all groups was investigated using linear correlation analysis (r).

The mean value of BMD (0.9020±0.0952 g/cm2) was lower in subjects with both T2DM and CP compared to T2DM and CP alone. BMD was weakly correlated with all the clinical periodontal parameters; a positive correlation was observed between BMD and GI in the T2DM and CP group (r=0.405, P=0.026) and the CP group (r=0.324, P=0.081). A weak positive correlation was observed in BMD and HbA1c in the T2DM group (r=0.261, P=0.13), T2DM and CP group (r=0.007, P=0.970), with a negative correlation to HbA1c in the CP group (r= -0.134, P=0.479). 

Conclusions:

Diabetes mellitus impacts clinical periodontal status and bone mass, and the effect is accentuated when chronic periodontitis is present. Based on the present study, BMD is associated with T2DM and CP, but a weak correlation was observed between BMD and HbA1c and clinical periodontal parameters.