جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "heavy metal" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

This study sought to determine the spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in water, soil, and vegetables that were irrigated with industrial wastewater in Ethiopia’s Oromia Special Zone. We aimed to make recommendations for corrective actions that would reduce the negative environmental effects of untreated waste. Five sampling sites were meticulously chosen within the Sululta, Laga Tafo Laga Dadi, Galan, Sabata, and Burayu regions, taking into account the varying stressors across the upper stream, middle stream, and downstream segments of the rivers. These sampling sites were strategically selected to capture a comprehensive understanding of heavy metal aggregation within the area. The sampling encompassed the collection and analysis of 25 water and wastewater samples, 13 soil samples, and 8 vegetable samples. The distribution of sampling efforts was tailored to reflect the availability of irrigation sites within the respective areas, resulting in a harmonized amalgamation of 5, 3, and 1 samples for water and wastewater, soil, and vegetable matrices, respectively. The lettuce in the Gelan area had the greatest quantity of lead, suggesting higher cancer risk. The sites of Gelan and Burayu had significant levels of chromium contamination in their lettuce, followed by their cabbage, according to the WHO/FAO and USEPA. As a result, those who eat vegetables that have high levels of heavy metal contamination may be at risk for developing cancer. The concerned institutions and stakeholders must work to mitigate the high concentration of heavy metals in water, soil, and vegetables by the installation of treatment plant.

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between heavy metal pollution and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) among workers in car maintenance workshops in Baghdad, Iraq. Blood samples were collected from 70 male workers, including car maintenance and vehicle painting workers, along with a control group of healthy males. The levels of heavy metals, specifically cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), as well as OxLDL and the marker of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured. The results revealed a significant increase in the level of Pb in the blood of workers compared to the control group, whereas Cd levels did not exhibit a significant difference. Furthermore, both groups of workers exhibited significantly elevated levels of OxLDL compared to the control group. Additionally, the MDA level was significantly increased across all the study groups. Correlation analysis demonstrated positive associations between OxLDL levels and the extent of Pb and Cd pollution in the car maintenance worker group. These findings indicate an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among workers in car maintenance workshops due to exposure to heavy metals. The observed elevation in the levels of OxLDL and lipid peroxidation markers underscores the potential health issues associated with occupational exposure to these polluted environments.

This study aimed to investigate the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) and determine their health risks, and evaluate the water quality of Abbas-Abad, Khako, Moradbeig Valley rivers and Ekbatan Dam inlets and bodies located in Hamadan, Iran.

In spring 2019, the concentrations of PTEs in water samples collected from 61 stations were quantified using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry device. Water quality was evaluated using heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), contamination degree , heavy metal toxicity load (HMTL), and environmental water quality index (EWQI) indices. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were calculated usingcancer risk (CR) and hazard index (HI), respectively.

It was found that the average concentration of Fe and Zn had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). By comparing the metal concentration to the World Health Organization’s standard, the concentrations of all elements were below the permissible limit, except for Fe and Cd, in 4 and 5 sampling stations. The quality of water sources revealed a low level of PTE contamination in the studied surface water. According to the HI results, there was no apparent threat to the residents’ health. Based on the CR assessment results, the dermal absorption of PTEs for both age groups was classified as low-risk. However, ingestion of these elements was categorized as high-risk.

Since Hamdan’s surface water sources are contaminated with PTEs, it is necessary to investigate effective management strategies for preserving the integrity and health of water resources.

Biomarkers encompass a diverse range of living organisms, such as plants, plankton, animals, and microorganisms. Biological markers are commonly employed to assess and evaluate the environmental quality and health of ecosystems. Furthermore, these instruments serve as valuable resources for identifying instances of environmental deterioration and assessing its consequences for human civilization. Organisms are influenced by environmental determinants that contribute to environmental change. These organisms, commonly referred to as bio-indicators, serve as a crucial tool in monitoring environmental pollution and are widely recognized as one of the primary methods employed for this purpose. Bioindicators provide scientists with a comprehensive assessment of the present state of various ecosystems. By analyzing this data, scientists are allowed to exercise improved management over ecosystem conditions and subsequently address issues such as pollution and toxic substances. The primary objective of this study is to collect pertinent and extensive data for individuals seeking to acquire knowledge about bioindicators or engage in research about this field, given its substantial role within the ecosystem. The data presented herein is acquired through the examination of bioindicators in diverse ecosystems, drawing upon the research conducted by other scholars.

In regions with heightened pollutant concentrations, especially in industrial and urban areas, dust plays a crucial role in carrying complex metal components, posing environmental challenges and health risks. This study utilized pollution indicators and geographic information system (GIS) to delineate the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the Arak plain. Dust samples from 30 stations across the Arak plain were systematically collected through random sampling. Analysis using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-OES) allowed the calculation of pollution indices (PI) and the Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI) for lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe). GIS generated spatial distribution maps depicting metal pollution. The average concentrations were 45.5 mg/kg for Pb, 10.7 mg/kg for Zn, 0.47 mg/kg for Cu, 30.8 mg/kg for Ni, and 0.206 mg/kg for Fe. Analysis of PI, NIPI, and spatial distribution maps revealed heightened pollution in the northeast, center, south, and southwest areas of the Arak plain, attributed to human activities like heavy vehicle traffic, high population density, concentrated agriculture, and specific industrial operations. The study recommends mitigation strategies, including biological methods like phytoremediation, promotion of public transportation, mandatory environmental standards for industries, and encouragement of green practices. These initiatives aim to address and reduce environmental pollution in the Arak plain.

This study aimed to determine the maximum concentration of lead in the water and sediments of Hawizeh Swamp during 2020-2021. The ECOFATE model was employed to calculate ecological risk parameters (RQ) along with total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and total organic carbon (TOC) at four stations during summer and winter. Using the framework of environmental fate model of ECOFATE, comprehensive data on hydrological sections, input chemical quantities, chemical characteristics, and ecosystem attributes were measured. The findings indicated that lead concentrations were at the highest level in both sediment and water samples of the wetland across three-dimensional space during summer and winter. TSS, TOC and TDS values were estimated, of which the TDS was used to measure ecological risk due to its higher values. The RQ values of lead indicated high and medium risk within the sedimentary and aquatic environments of the wetland ecosystem, respectively. Statistical calculations further revealed that this wetland was at risk of environmental pollution, posing potential hazards to humans through the food chain. The increase in the biological pollution of this wetland is due to the increase in the population and urban sewage. Therefore, it is imperative to raise public awareness regarding the significance of the wetland and advocate for its regular monitoring.

Heavy metals, such as lead harms animals’ health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of Pb pollution in the cities of Golestan and Mazandaran Provinces by measuring Pb concentrations in the blood of brown rats, which serve as omnivorous bioindicators living in the same habitat as humans.

Eight highly populated cities were selected, with 10 rats trapped in each city. Blood samples were taken from the rats, and Pb measurements were done by atomic absorption spectrometry.

All sampled rats were Pb-contaminated. The mean Pb concentrations in different cities of Golestan Province were statistically similar (p > 0.05). In Mazandaran cities, however, significant differences in mean Pb concentrations were observed. The highest contamination was recorded in Neka (10.28 ± 0.97 μg/dL), while the lowest contamination was observed in Babol (7.3 ± 1.36 μg/dL). The mean Pb concentrations in the studied cities of Golestan (9.43 ± 1.81 μg/dL) and Mazandaran (9.02 ± 1.07 μg /dL) Provinces, as well as in male (10.38 μg/dL) and female (9.25 μg/dL) rats were similar.

The Pb contaminations observed in the sampled rats are indicative of Pb contaminations of the sampled cities and the presence of Pb sources in these areas. It seems necessary to take precautionary procedures to prevent the entry of polluted effluents into the sampled cities and the consumption of Pb-contaminated gasoline in these areas, to prevent Pb contamination of human populations.

The increase of heavy metals concentrations in aquatic and terrestrial environments and their toxicity is of global concern. The bioaccumulation of toxic metals in fish poses a serious risk to human health when consumed. This study assessed the quality of Rabbit fish (Signus Sutor) and their associated health risks from four landing sites (namely Malindi, Mazizini, Kizimkazi and Matemwe) in Zanzibar. The concentrations of toxic metals, including Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), and Arsenic (As), in the fish muscle were scrutinized using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The detected mean concentration (mg/kg) of Pb, As, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Ni at Malindi were 0.25±0.14, 2.22±0.44, 0.02±0.02, 0.01±0.00, 0.02±0.02 and 0.00±0.00 respectively; at Kizimkazi were 0.39±0.39, 2.30±0.44, 0.11±0.01, 0.07±0.04, 0.17±0.13 and 0.15±0.04 respectively: at Matemwe were 0.38±0.12, 0.52±0.14, 0.04±0.02, 0.05±0.01, 0.65±0.21 and 0.09±0.03 respectively; and Mazizini were 0.21±0.12, 5.56±1.37, 0.02±0.02, 0.03±0.01, 0.05±0.02 and 0.15±0.05 respectively. The mean concentration levels detected for all the elements in the fish gathered from all four landing sites were below international and local maximum (FAO/WHO) permissible limits for human consumption, except for Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb). The study also investigated the relationship between fish size and metal concentration which shows a positive correlation for Cu and Ni. However, it was negative for the remaining metals, possibly due to ecological and metabolic differences. The study emphasizes the necessity for regular monitoring of the marine environment and enforcement of hygienic regulations, as well as the treatment of land-based pollutants before they are discharged into the marine environment to protect fish quality.

The utilisation of surface water has increased in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria due to high ground water abstraction rates. This study aims to assess the pollution status of heavy metals in water from Chanomi Creek, Nigeria, and conduct an ecological risk assessment to evaluate potential environmental impacts and implications for marine life and local communities. Ten stations adjoining the creek were sampled and analysed for Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Fe, Zn, As, and Mn, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Indices such as the heavy metal pollution index (HPIs), Nemerow pollution index (PN), and potential ecological risk indices (PERI) were used to assess the degree of water contamination and its suitability for marine life and agricultural purposes. Monthly data were aggregated and analysed as dry and wet seasons to evaluate seasonal influences on these parameters. During the dry season, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn increased significantly (p < 0.05). The HPIs for both seasons clearly exceeded the threshold of 100, making the water grossly inadequate for drinking. Across seasons, PN for agricultural purposes ranged from 0.4 to 2.3 indicating slightly to moderate pollution status but was heavily polluted for aquatic life (PN: 98 – 240). High ecological risks (PERI > 400) were observed for human consumption and aquatic life. Chanomi Creek is moderately contaminated for animal watering and irrigation but extensively polluted for marine life.The study posits possible impacts on ecosystem health, biodiversity, and communities relying on the creek. Urgent action is required with effective pollution control and sustainable water management practices for environmental and health safety.

The contamination of food with heavy metals is a significant concern for humans. Among food products, milk and dairy products have received more attention due to their widespread consumption at all ages, particularly among children. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of lead and cadmium in milk and dairy products in Zanjan.

132 samples of milk, doogh, yogurt, and cream were collected from Zanjan city during the winter and summer of 2020-2021. The lead and cadmium levels in the samples were quantified using microwave digestion and graffiti furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

The average concentrations of lead and cadmium in traditional milk, industrial milk, doogh, full-fat yogurt, low-fat yogurt, and cream samples were 96.23, 89.91, 78.79, 49.79, 53.74, 106.08, and 2.76, 2.07, 2.59, 1.09, 1.34, 5.60 µg/kg, respectively. The mean lead concentrations in milk and dairy products during winter were significantly higher than those during summer, whereas the mean cadmium concentrations during summer were higher than those during winter for all dairy products.

The lead and cadmium concentrations in most of the samples exceeded the WHO-FAO standards of 20 and 2.6 µg/kg for lead and cadmium, respectively. Therefore, prompt action is necessary to address this issue.

This study focused on the evaluation of the quality of borehole water in Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria, considering that groundwater serves as the primary source of potable water in the country. However, the vulnerability of groundwater to contamination raises concerns regarding its suitability for consumption.

Water samples were obtained from Okota, Ayo, Osi, Oke-Afa, Ajao, Oshi, and Iso-Aye Streets in Oshodi and assayed for the presence of heavy metals and microorganisms. The heavy metals analyzed in the samples included zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and cadmium (Cd). Additionally, the water samples were examined for the presence of bacteria, coliforms, and fungi as representative microorganisms. To evaluate the potential health risks associated with the heavy metals detected, non-carcinogenic risks were assessed. This involved determining parameters such as average daily dermal exposure (ADDE), average daily ingestion (ADI), and hazard quotient (HQ). Further, the carcinogenic risks (CR) of the heavy metals were determined.

The analysis of the water samples revealed that the levels of Pb and Mn, exceeded the recommended limits. However, ADI values for these heavy metals were found to be within permissible limits. The HQ of dermal exposure to Zn, Mn, and Pb during the dry season, as well as for Cr, Mn, Zn, and Pb during the wet season, were higher than recommended limits. The CR (dermal) of Pb and Cr during the wet season and Pb during the dry season were also above recommended limits. In terms of microorganisms, the presence of bacteria, coliforms, and fungi in the water samples was found to be within permissible limits.

Given the identified presence of heavy metals exceeding recommended limits and the potential health risks associated with dermal exposure and ingestion, it is evident that the water from the assessed boreholes in Oshodi poses health hazards to consumers. Therefore, it is imperative to implement decontamination measures to mitigate these risks and ensure the provision of safe and potable water to the community.

This study investigated the effect of inorganic and organic sources of iron on Pb availability in soil.

The treatments involved applying organic and inorganic Fe sources at the rate of 0, 30, and 60 kg/ha pure Fe from different sources in the Pb-polluted soil treated with municipal sewage sludge biochar (MSSB). Corn was chosen as the tested plant in this experiment. The plants were collected after 90 days, and the Pb concentration in the soil and plants was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Further, the plant enzyme activity was determined.

Soil application of ethylenediamine Di-2-Hydroxyphenyl Acetate Ferric (Fe-EDDHA) had the greatest efficiency in reducing the soil and plant concentration. Using 30 kg Fe/ha from Fe-EDDHA relative to iron slag and FeSo4 source significantly decreased the plant Pb concentration by 11.6 and 9.8%, respectively. For ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidases (POX) enzyme activity, it was decreased by 17.2 and 15.4%, respectively.

Considering the results of this research, using inorganic and organic Fe sources in soil treated with MSSB had a substantial impact in reducing the soil and plant Pb concentration which is an advantage of environmental studies.

 Several contaminants such as trace elements can pollute drinking water sources with subsequent toxic effects on humans. These compounds may also accumulate in target organs and result in carcinogenic reactions.

 The concentrations of heavy metals, including arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), copper (1), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Cd), tin (2), antimony (Sb), chromium (3), and mercury (Hg) were aimed to determine in the drinking water of Tehran, Iran and to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for consumers.

 A total of 66 tap water samples were collected from 22 regions of Tehran and their heavy metal contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks were calculated, using hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), respectively.

 The findings revealed that the mean concentrations of measured elements were lower than the maximum permissible limits established by Iranian National Standards, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and the World Health Organization (WHO). HQ was less than 1 for all metals except Cr and ILCR was higher than 1× 10-4 for Cr and Cd, which may cause human health risk.

 No carcinogenic effects were posed by heavy metals contamination in the drinking water of Tehran; however, the content of Cr and Cd may cause human health risks because of the high daily intake of tap water throughout the lifetime and the tendency of these metals to accumulate in the human body organs. Therefore, implementing ongoing programs to monitor heavy metals in municipal drinking water and applying appropriate corrective actions to prevent the transfer of these pollutants to drinking water is crucial.

Rice milk is one of the traditional foods in Khuzestan province. Due to the combination of milk and rice, this product plays a major role as a diet for children under two years old and also as a diet for adults. Heavy metals represent a special group of food contaminants and exposure to heavy metals was shown to be directly related to progression of diseases. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals in rice milk to evaluate whether the concentrations of these elements correspond to the permissible levels of toxic elements in milk and rice in Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran.

Totally, 50 rice milk samples (25 samples from East Ahvaz and 25 samples from West Ahvaz) were collected. The heavy metals in all samples were evaluated using quantified diffuse spectroscopy (OES) or mass spectrometry (MS).

The mean concentration of the arsenic and lead was above the permissible limit. The average nickel and cadmium concentrations in the samples were below the allowable limit values and no mercury was detected in all samples.

The study results showed that consumption of rice milk did not pose a direct and serious threat to the health of consumers. Future studies and continuous monitoring are necessary to assess the content of heavy metals and the risk of their consumption to the consumer of the rice milk.

Anemia patients are more susceptible to environmental contaminations such as heavy metals. The present study aimed at risk assessment of heavy metals in edible mushrooms and Anemia.The databases searched in those articles were Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and ISI. Related human health risks were calculated using the target hazard quotient (THQ). THQ ratio of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Mn were 3×10−3, 2.31, 8.43×10 −1, 2.35, 2.92×10−1, 6.6×10− 2 and 1.96×10− 1 m m-1 respectively. The highest non-carcinogenic diseases risk for adults were found in Pb (2.35 m m-1) while the lowest value was observed in Cd (3×10− 3 m m-1). The risk of carcinogenicity of lead was at the level of acceptable (10−4 to 10−6 m m-1). There is no concern about the non-carcinogenic risk of consuming heavy metals in edible mushrooms, in Iran except Cu and Pb. In some countries, adults and children can be exposed to non-cancerous foods by eating mushrooms. And can aggravate anemia in the consumer.

Biological adsorption of heavy metals is an effective process for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. In this study, the adsorption properties of non-viable Phanerochaete Chrysosporium biomass are studied for biological adsorption of lead ion in both continuous and batch systems. In the batch process, Langmuir, Freundlich and Dobbinin-Radushkevich isotherms are studied. The adsorption kinetics including pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models are also investigated. The experimental equilibrium data follow Langmuir, Freundlich and Dobbinin-Radushkevich models. The kinetic data fit well to the pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models. In the continuous system, by studying the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models it can be concluded that particles of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium are very suitable adsorbents for the adsorption of heavy metal of lead with high efficiency. Increasing input flowrate causes earlier breakthrough point. Thermodynamic calculations also prove that the process is spontaneous and self-healing and positive ∆H indicate process is endothermic.