جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « hypersensitivity » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Actinrelated protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B (ARPC1B) deficiency is an inborn error of immunity (IEI) characterized by a combination of immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation and classified as an IEI with allergic manifestations. Here, we describe two patients with pathogenic variants in the ARPC1B gene. The first patient presented with eczema and bronchospasm at six months of age. The second patient presented with eczema and milk protein allergy at five months of age. The c.899_944 (p.Glu300Glyfs*7) pathogenic variant was previously described, whereas the c.863del (p.Pro288Leufs*9) variant was novel. ARPC1B deficiency should be considered because of the severe allergic manifestations at an early age.

Metallic corrosion of orthodontic appliances occurs due to potentially damaging physical and chemical agents. The major corrosion products of stainless steel are iron, chromium, and nickel. When tissues are exposed to certain concentrations of a primary irritant for certain periods, cytotoxic effects may be observed. Hence, this study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of nickel, iron, and chromium ions during fixed orthodontic treatment onto human keratinocytes (HaCaT).

The metal ions nickel, chromium, and iron in concentrations of 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, and 2400 μg/ml were prepared to assess the cytotoxicity on HaCaT cells. The control group included these metal ions at 0 μg/ml. Cytotoxicity was assessed by microculture tetrazolium (MTA) assay. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was measured and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to assess the morphological changes of the HaCaT cells. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Bonferroni’s post hoc test was carried out to determine the difference in percentage inhibition within and between the groups at various concentrations.

Nickel showed the highest cytotoxic effects in comparison with other metal ions.  Iron hexahydrate, nickel hexahydrate, and chromium hexahydrate have shown an IC50 value of 552.4 μg/ml, 364.1 μg/ml, and 641.1 μg/ml inhibition in HaCaT cells respectively. Cytotoxic effects were dose dependent on the tested materials. Comparison of percentage inhibition between groups showed a p-value of 0.372.

The present study showed that the nickel, chromium, and iron ions induced a wide range of toxicity to human keratinocytes. The IC50 values ranged between 364.1 and 641.1. Nickel was the most toxic metal tested between the concentrations of 75 to 2400 μg/ml for HaCaT cells compared to other metal ions used in the study.

Both innate and adaptive arms of immune system play role in tumor development. Moreover, genetic and epigenetic alterations, widely demonstrated in cancer cells, result in disturbances in molecular pathways regulating cell growth, survival, and metastasis. Knowledge of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis leads to improvement of targeted treatments for cancers. Similarly, allergies are immune related entities and are treated according to the molecular mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions. Some studies support the hypothesis of inverse association between cancer and susceptibility for allergies but the correlation is not simple and some demonstrate positive relation. For example, in some studies histamine released in response to allergens plays a role in tumor progression, probably through maintaining survival of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). However, in other studies, the protective role of IgE against carcinogenesis have been reported. In this review, the role of immune system and specific molecular mechanisms in cancer and allergy will be discussed. Based on separately mentioned factors, interactions between these two seemingly disparate entities will also be presented. We conducted this review to illustrate potential molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the association of cancer and allergy and make a basis for future interventions.

Childhood asthma is mainly developed by an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Atopic asthma has been regarded as the most common form of asthma in the pediatric age group. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the role of atopy in inducing uncontrolled asthma in children. Seventy-five children between 1 to 14 years of age, referred to The Asthma and allergy clinics of Azad University hospitals for a period of one year because of wheezing and or chronic cough with a diagnosis of asthma were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. After scrutinizing the children’s medical history relevant to their asthmatic manifestations, they were evaluated with a skin prick test (SPT) for common aero and food allergens. Thirty-five asthmatic children had positive SPTs with their mean age higher than those with negative skin test results (P≤0.0001). In those with positive SPTs, the symptoms recurred if the medications were discontinued within a month of symptom improvement (P=0.001). The same results were true considering the history of previous atopic disorders in response to the discontinuation of therapy (P<0.0001). To conclude, in most patients with negative skin tests, symptoms of asthma improved in less than a month from the initiation of appropriate therapies. However, in those with positive SPTs and a history of atopy, the symptoms recurred if the medications were discontinued within less than a month of symptom improvement (P=0.001 and P<0.0001, respectively).

Pollens have been identified as potent inducers of allergic diseases worldwide. Acer velutinum (Persian maple) tree is an important source of allergic pollens in Iran. This study aimed to identify the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-reactive components of A. velutinum pollen extract in patients with maple allergy. We aimed to evaluate its allergenic components; using IgE in the serum of patients with maple allergy. Twenty-two patients with a clinical history of reaction and a positive skin-prick test to maple pollen extract were included in this study. Identification of IgE-binding proteins in A. velutinum pollen extract was performed by immunoblotting using sera from sensitive patients. A protein band with a molecular weight of around 70 kDa was the most IgE-reactive allergen in A. velutinum pollen extract detected by this method. Identification of a protein with a molecular weight of about 70kDa, as the most reactive allergen of A. velutinum pollen extract, can be considered as a potential allergen for designing diagnostic kits or as a target for immunotherapy of allergic patients with maple allergy.

Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is known by the triad of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), aspirin hypersensitivity, and asthma, but its etiology and physiopathogenesis are still unclear. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate allergy and inflammatory cells (neutrophils vs. eosinophils) dominancy in nasal polyp tissue of patients with AERD compared to non-AERD patients. CRSwNP patients scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery were recruited in this study. Nasal polyp tissue was analyzed for infiltrating cells, and Eosinophil dominant and neutrophil dominant polyps were determined. AERD was confirmed by oral aspirin challenge (OAC). Demographics data; history of asthma, exacerbation by using NSAIDs, routine use of aspirin, type of surgery (primary or revision), and results of skin prick test and spirometry were recorded. Pathology results and contributing factors compared between AERD and non-AERD patients. Sixty-five patients (39 women, 26 men) were enrolled in the study (mean age 38.83 ± 12.43 years). Thirty (46%) patients had positive OAC tests. Totally 41 patients (63.1%) had eosinophilic polyps. 80% of patients with eosinophilic polyp had positive OAC and were AERD (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in demographics, revision surgery, and concomitant asthma between AERD and non-AERD groups (P > 0.05). The positive skin prick test was higher in AERD and also in eosinophilic polyp patients, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.086 and P = 0.177). Eosinophilic polyps are more common in AERD. A positive skin prick test is associated with AERD and eosinophilic polyp.

 Drug allergy is a subtype of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) mediated by the immunologic system. Extreme drug allergy is poorly known in children that contribute to the hospitalization in our region.

 This research aimed to study major drug hypersensitivity reactions in the north of Iran among hospitalized children.

 This corss-sectional study conducted at the Bou Ali Sina hospital, north of Iran, analyzing the medical history of 140 children with drug allergies from 2014 to 2018. Inclusion criteria were based on the DRESS scoring system, and those who scored more than four were enrolled. Patients with incomplete medical charts were excluded. The sampling methodology was based on the consecutive census.

 In the current study, 62 patients were females (44.29%), and 78 were males (55.71%). Ninety-six cases (68.57%) were children under five, and 44 cases (31.43%) were over five years old. Most ADRs were seen in patients from urban areas (58.57%)  than in rural areas (41.43%). In 82.6% (116 children) of these patients, maculopapular rashes were seen. Phenobarbital and cefalexin had the highest levels of drug reactions, including 55.19% of patients (85 persons) and 11.69% of patients (18 persons), respectively. Pruritus, fever, and scaling were the most common symptoms observed in patients. The most commonly used treatment was antihistamines.

 The most causative medication inducing ADR was phenobarbital. The maculopapular rash was the most common skin manifestation, and there were no relationship between sex, age, medication type, and type of hypersensitivity reactions.

Airborne pollen is considered one of the causative agents of hay fever, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. We aimed to investigate airborne pollens in the context of Shiraz located in the southwest of Iran and find their association with meteorological parameters.  The survey was conducted from October 2017 to September 2018, using seven days of volumetric Burkard spore trap, located in the center of the city. A total of 5810 pollen grains/m3 belonging to 15 taxa were identified and recorded. Among them, 73.8% was the tree, while the grass, shrub, and weed constituted 13.56%, 3.5%, and 9.2% of total reported pollens, respectively. The major pollen types were Platanaceae (28.39%), Oleaceae (21.17%), Pinaceae (15.11%), Amaranthaceae (9.29%), and Brassicaceae (8.02%). A higher number of pollen counts and types were recorded in March, followed by September, while it was lower in May. Meteorological parameters were correlated with the monthly pollen counts. Wind speed was found to have a positive correlation with Platanaceae concentration. The significant correlation between pollen concentration and the temperature was positive for Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Plantaginaceae and negative for Rosaceae, Oleaceae, and Ulmaceae.  Poaceae and Amaranthaceae were negatively correlated with humidity and positively with Rosaceae, Oleaceae, and Plantaginaceae. A negative correlation was found between rainfall and Poaceae and Amaranthaceae, while Plantaginaceae had a positive correlation with this parameter. The results of this study may be helpful for allergologists in the diagnosis and treatment of airborne allergic disorders due to pollen grains.

Asthma induced by ingestion of aspirin occurs when symptoms arise within 30 minutes to three hours after aspirin consumption. Previous data indicate that sensitivity to aspirin may be associated with poorly controlled asthma. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of aspirin sensitivity in patients with moderate to severe asthma receiving conventional asthma therapy. This clinical trial was conducted on 65 patients aged 18 to 65 years with moderate to severe asthma from February 2015 to February 2016 at the Allergy Department, Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. To assess treatment responses in patients, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and asthma control test (ACT) scores were measured at baseline and after 3 months. The results of the oral aspirin challenge revealed a prevalence of 35.38% for sensitivity to aspirin. Hypersensitivity reactions to aspirin were detected in 60.9% of the patients with moderate asthma and 39.1% of the patients with severe asthma. All patients with positive aspirin challenge tests suffered from rhinosinusitis and in 56.5% of cases, history of previous hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was detected. No meaningful differences were found between those patients with aspirin sensitivity and those with aspirin tolerance neither in mean pre-bronchodilator FEV1 nor in ACT scores pre- and post-treatment. To conclude, aspirin sensitivity was not found to have an association with an unfavorable response to conventional treatment in patients with uncontrolled asthma.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitute a broad spectrum of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors suppressing prostaglandin synthesis. NSAIDs are used for treating various conditions such as pain, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders (1). Ketorolac is an NSAID, which is used to alleviate renal colic due to its anti-contractile effects on the urethra. Considering the pain pathogenesis in renal colic, ketorolac is one of the best pain-relieving drugs in these patients (2). In intravenous form, this drug reaches its serum peak level within 1 to 3 minutes. Ketorolac is metabolized in the liver and excreted through the kidneys (2). Although ketorolac has an excellent safety profile, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis may occur following its administration. Even though these reactions, either acute or delayed, are uncommon and rare, they can be fatal (3). A number of studies have reported anaphylactic reactions after ketorolac administration. However, the incidence of these reactions is not predictable (4-6). Here, we present a case of anaphylaxis in a male patient admitted to the emergency department of Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Arak, Iran, following the injection of 30 mg ketorolac.

Food hypersensitivity to walnut usually results in mild symptoms; however, several cases of anaphylactic reactions to this product have been observed. This study aimed to determine the immunochemical characteristics of the Persian walnut and provide the recombinant form of its main allergen. The allergenic proteins of the Persian walnut were extracted by standard procedure. The IgE-binding profile was determined by common immunoassays, including ELISA and Western blotting. The characteristics of the main allergenic protein which showed a stronger and higher frequency of IgE-reactivity with the patient’s sera was identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF method. The conventional PCR was used for the amplification of the coding sequence of the target protein which was then inserted into pET-21b(+) vector and expressed in E. coli BL21. The recombinant allergen was purified by metal affinity chromatography and the ELISA and immunoblotting assays were used for the evaluation of the IgE-binding capacity of the recombinant protein. All patients showed a considerable specific IgE-reactivity to total extract (OD 0.58±0.43 versus 0.047±0.026; P<0.05) in ELISA. Immunoblotting with crude extract indicated considerable IgE-reactivity of the patients’ sera with a 15-kDa allergen which was characterized as 2S albumin by mass spectrometry methods. The refolded walnut recombinant 2S albumin showed considerable IgE-reactivity in ELISA and western blotting with patients’ sera. We demonstrated that the refolding of walnut recombinant 2S albumin could result in the reconstruction of an IgE-reactive allergen with a rather similar immunoreactivity to its natural counterpart. The refolded recombinant protein could be a suitable candidate for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Insulin therapy is an essential treatment for type 1 and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Hypersensitivity reactions have been described since the first administration of insulin, the same as any other therapy. Despite being a rare situation nowadays, it requires careful intra-hospital monitoring and multidisciplinary management. Here, we present a case of a 57-year-old patient with type 2 DM, an average glycemic control, and both penicillin and insulin allergy. Heunderwent a desensitization protocol which allowed successfully dismiss him with intermediate-acting insulin.

To investigate and compare detrusor overactivity (DO) and bladder filling sensation characteristics in female bladder outlet obstruction (FBOO) patients with or without overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. One hundred fifty-seven FBOO patients with urodynamic testing were recruited. Pa tients who showed urinary urgency ( ? 6 episodes/3 d), with or without urinary frequency ( ?8 voids/24 h), and urge incontinence ( ? 3 episodes/3 d) were considered to have OAB. The detrusor overactivity (DO) and bladder filling sensation measures including first sensation (FSF), first desire to void (FDV) and strong desire to void (SDV) during filling cystometry were recorded. The associations between urodynamic variables and OAB symp toms were analysed. FBOO patients had a high incidence (79%) of OAB. FBOO patients with OAB symptoms had significantly younger age, higher incidence of DO (19.4% versus 6.1%) (P = .051) and lower bladder volumes of FSF (180.32 ± 83.48 versus 226.18 ± 100.90 mL), FDV (269.00 ± 109.78 versus 330.45 ± 123.95 mL) and SDV (345.56 ± 135.43 versus 422.33 ± 148.40 mL) (P < .05) compared to patients without OAB. In multivariate analyses, both DO (OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 1.02-22.85, P = .047) and lower bladder volumes at FDV(OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.03-5.95, P = .044) and SDV (OR = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.25-7.55, P < .014) were still independently associated with OAB, after adjustment for age and other confounding factors. FBOO patients had a high incidence of OAB. Not only DO but also bladder hypersensitivity were independently associated with OAB symptoms in FBOO patients.