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جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "il-2" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

  • دانیال شعبان نیا، محمد راضی جلالی*، علی شهریاری، هدیه جعفری، معصومه احمدی زاده
    زمینه و هدف

    ترشح و فعال سازی سایتوکین ها از مهم ترین عوامل موثر در بیماری زایی سم عقرب است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر تعیین اثرات فراکسیون های سم عقرب همی اسکورپیوس لپتوروس بر آزادسازی سایتوکین های IL-1، IL-6 و TNF-α در موش های صحرایی نر بود.

    روش ها

    در این مطالعه، سم عقرب با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی به 6 فراکسیون تقسیم شد. سپس، 180 سر موش صحرایی نر به طور تصادفی به 15 گروه مساوی تقسیم شدند و فراکسیون ها به دو دوز 1000 و 3000 µg/kg به آن ها تجویز گردید (معادل 2/1 و 6/1 LD50). گروه ها شامل یک گروه شاهد، یک گروه تیمار شده با سم خام با دوز 1000 µg/kg، یک گروه تیمار شده با سم خام با دوز 3000 µg/kg و6 گروه تیمار شده با فراکسیون های سم با دوز 1000 µg/kg و 6 گروه تیمار شده با فراکسیون های سم با دوز 3000 µg/kg بودند. تیمارها به صورت داخل صفاقی تزریق شدند. پس از تزریق، خون گیری در زمان های 1، 3، 6 و 24 ساعت انجام شد و میزان سایتوکین ها با استفاده از کیت های آزمایشگاهی اندازه گیری گردید.

    یافته ها

    تجزیه وتحلیل داده ها نشان داد که فعالیت تمامی سایتوکین های مذکور در گروه های سم خام به طور معناداری بیشتر از گروه شاهد و سایر گروه ها بود (0/05>P). بیشترین اثر در گروه سم خام مشاهده شد و پس از آن، فراکسیون 2 و سپس فراکسیون 6 بیشترین تاثیر را داشتند.

    نتیجه گیری

    احتمالا می توان فراکسیون 2 را به عنوان مهم ترین قسمت از سم عقرب همی اسکورپیوس لپتوروس در نظر گرفت که باعث ایجاد التهاب و علائم التهابی در بدن می شود.

    کلید واژگان: سم عقرب, فرکشن, همی اسکورپیوس لپتوروس, IL-1, IL-6, Tnfα
    Daniel Shaebannia, Mohammad Razi Jalali*, Ali Shahrirari, Hedieh Jafari, Masoumeh Ahmadi Zadeh
    Background and Aim

    The secretion and activation of cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of scorpion venom. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom fractions on the release of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokines in male rats.

    Methods

    In this study, scorpion venom was divided into six fractions using chromatography. A total of 180 male rats were randomly assigned to 15 equal groups, and the fractions were administered at two doses of 1000 µg/kg and 3000 µg/kg (equivalent to 1/2 and 3/1 LD50). The groups included one control group, one group treated with raw venom at a dose of 1000 µg/kg, one group treated with raw venom at a dose of 3000 µg/kg, six groups treated with venom fractions at 1000 µg/kg, and six groups treated with venom fractions at 3000 µg/kg. All treatments were administered intraperitoneally. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours post-injection, and cytokine levels were measured using laboratory kits.

    Results

    The results showed that the activity of all cytokines was significantly higher in the raw venom groups compared to the control group and other experimental groups (P<0.05). The highest effect was observed in the raw venom group, followed by fraction 2, and then fraction 6, which showed the most significant impact.

    Conclusion

    Fraction 2 of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom appears to be the most important component responsible for inducing inflammation and inflammatory symptoms in the body.

    Keywords: Scorpion Venom, Fraction, Hemiscorpius Lepturus, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-Α
  • محمد رعنایی، علی یعقوبی*
    مقدمه

    آسیب طناب نخاعی (SCI) با افزایش التهاب در بافت نخاعی فرد آسیب دیده همراه است. بنابراین هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تاثیر تمرین هوازی همراه با مکمل گیری رزوراترول بر سطح IL-1β و IL-10 نخاعی در موش های مبتلا به SCI بود.

    روش بررسی
    روش بررسی

    تعداد 45 سر رت نر نژاد ویستار با سن هشت هفته در 5 گروه شامل سالم، کنترل، رزوراترول، تمرین و رزوراترول+تمرین قرار داده شدند. آسیب نخاعی با انداختن وزنه ده گرمی از ارتفاع 25 میلیمتری بر روی نخاع در قطعه T10 ایجاد گردید. مکمل رزوراترول با دوز 10 میلی گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم به صورت درون صفاقی و روزانه تزریق شد. تمرین هوازی به کمک سیستم حمایت وزن، به مدت 4 هفته، هر جلسه 58 دقیقه و با شدت 20 متر در دقیقه انجام شد. سطح IL-1β و IL-10 نخاعی به روش الایزا اندازه گیری شد. نتایج با استفاده از آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون تعقیبی LSD با استفاده از نرم افزار version 16 SPSS تحلیل شد. سطح معناداری 0/05>p در نظر گرفته شد.

    نتایج

    سطح IL-1β نخاعی در گروه کنترل نسبت به گروه سالم به طور معناداری بالاتر بود (0/005=p). سطح این شاخص در گروه های مکمل رزوراترول (0/011=p)، تمرین هوازی (0/002=p) و تمرین+مکمل (0/016=p) به طور معناداری نسبت به گروه کنترل پایین تر بود. سطح IL-10 نخاعی در گروه کنترل نسبت به گروه سالم به طور معناداری پایین تر بود (0/011=p). سطح این شاخص در گروه های تمرین هوازی و تمرین هوازی+مکمل نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش را نشان داد ولی از نظر آماری معنادار نبود (0/05<p).

    نتیجه گیری

    به نظر می رسد، تمرین هوازی در کنار مصرف رزوراترول می تواند تاثیرات مثبتی بر التهاب ناحیه آسیب دیده در اثر آسیب نخاعی داشته باشد و احتمالا از آسیب های ثانویه و عوارض جانبی SCI در ناحیه آسیب دیده نخاع این بیماران جلوگیری نماید.

    کلید واژگان: تمرین هوازی, رزوراترول, IL-1Β, IL-10, آسیب طناب نخاعی
    Mohammad Ranaei, Ali Yaghoubi*
    Introduction

    Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with increased inflammation in the spinal cord tissue of the injured individual. The purpose of present study was to examined how aerobic training along with resveratrol supplementation influenced on spinal IL-1β and IL-10 levels in rats suffering from SCI.

    Methods

    Forty-five male Wistar rats, eight weeks old, were divided into five groups: healthy, control, resveratrol, aerobic training and resveratrol+ training. Spinal cord injury was caused by dropping a ten-gram weight from a height of 25 mm on the spinal cord in the T10 segment. Resveratrol supplement with a dose of 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally and daily. The aerobic training was conducted utilizing the weight support system over a period of 4 weeks, with each session lasting 58 minutes and an intensity of 20 m/min. One-way ANOVA and the LSD post hoc test were applied at a significance level of p<0.05.

    Results

    The level of spinal IL-1β in the control group was significantly higher than healthy group (p=0.005). The level of this index was significantly lower in resveratrol (p=0.011), aerobic training (p=0.002), and resveratrol+training (p=0.016) groups than control group. The level of spinal IL-10 in control group was significantly lower than healthy group (p=0.011). The index in aerobic training and resveratrol+ training groups exhibited an elevation relative to the control group, although this difference was not statistically significant (p<0.05).

    Conclusion

    Aerobic training along with resveratrol supplementation can have positive effects on the inflammation of the injured area due to SCI and possibly prevent secondary injuries and side effects of SCI in the injured area of the spinal cord of these subjects.

    Keywords: Aerobic Training, Resveratrol, IL-1Β, IL-10, Spinal Cord Injury
  • زهرا شمسی، عبدالحسین طاهری کلانی*، محمود نیک سرشت، سمیه بختیاری ده بالائی، لیلا شمسی
    مقدمه

    در بیماری پارکینسون، تعادل بین سایتوکین های پیش التهابی و ضد التهابی مختل شده و باعث التهاب مزمن عصبی می شود. این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه اثر شش هفته تمرین هوازی تداومی و تناوبی بر بیان پروتئینی اینترلوکین-1 (IL-1) و فاکتور نکروز دهنده توموری- آلفا (TNF-α) در بافت مخچه رت های مدل پارکینسونی اجرا شد.

    روش بررسی

    در این پژوهش تجربی، 28 سر رت نر بالغ نژاد ویستار (180-250 گرم) به طور تصادفی در چهار گروه (هر گروه 7 سر) کنترل سالم، پارکینسون، پارکینسون+ تمرین تداومی و پارکینسون+ تمرین تناوبی تقسیم شدند. پارکینسون با تزریق درون صفاقی روتنون در حیوانات القا گردید. تمرین تداومی به صورت 15 تا 40 دقیقه و تناوبی شامل دو تا شش نوبت دویدن روی نوارگردان با سرعت 10 تا 20 متر در دقیقه به مدت شش هفته بود. میزان پروتئین های IL-1 و TNF-α در بافت مخچه با روش برادفورد اندازه گیری شد. داده ها توسط آزمون های تحلیل واریانس یک راهه (ANOVA) و تعقیبی LSD و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS version 16 در سطح 0/05>P بررسی شدند.

    نتایج

    میزان IL-1 و TNF-α در بافت مخچه گروه کنترل سالم نسبت به سایر گروه ها به طور معناداری کمتر (0/0001=P) و در گروه پارکینسون نسبت به گروه های پارکینسون+ تمرین تداومی (0/0001=P) و پارکینسون+ تمرین تناوبی (0/0001=P) به طور معناداری بیشتر بود. هرچند، میزان IL-1 بین دو گروه تمرینی تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت (0/062=P)؛ اما تمرین تناوبی میزان TNF-α را در مقایسه با تمرین تداومی به طور معناداری کاهش داد (0/007=P).

    نتیجه گیری

    بر اساس این یافته ها، تمرین هوازی تناوبی در مقایسه با تداومی روش کارآمدتری در تعدیل نشانگرهای پیش التهابی بافت مخچه رت های پارکینسونی است که می تواند روند پیشرفت بیماری را کندتر نماید.

    کلید واژگان: تمرین تداومی, تمرین تناوبی, پارکینسون, التهاب, IL-1, TNF-Α
    Zahra Shamsi, Abdolhossein Taheri Kalani*, Mahmoud Nikseresht, Somayeh Bakhtiari Dehbalaei, Leyla Shamsi
    Introduction

    In Parkinson's disease, the balance between Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is disturbed, causing chronic neuroinflammation. The aim of present study was to compare the effects of continuous and interval aerobic training on the expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in cerebellum of Parkinson's model rats.

    Methods

    In this experimental study, 28 adult male Wistar rats (weighting 180-250 gr) were randomly divided into four groups (n=7 each): control, Parkinson, Parkinson+ continuous training, and Parkinson+ interval training. Rotenone was utilized to induce Parkinson's in rats. The continuous training lasted between 15 to 40 minutes, while the interval training consisted of two to six sets of running on the treadmill at a speed of 10- 20 meters per minute for six weeks and five sessions per week. At the end of the intervention, the levels of IL-1 and TNF-α in the cerebellum tissue were assessed by Bradford method. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by post hoc LSD test, utilizing SPSS version 16 software, with a significant level set at P<0.05.

    Results

    The levels of IL-1 and TNF-α in the cerebellar tissue of the control group were significantly lower (P=0.0001) compared to the other groups, and in the Parkinson's group, they were significantly higher than the Parkinson's+ continuous training and Parkinson's+ interval training groups (both; P=0.0001). There was no significant difference in IL-1 levels between the two training groups (P=0.062); nontheless, interval training significantly reduced the level of TNF-α compared to continuous training (P=0.007).

    Conclusion

    Based on these findings, interval aerobic training is a more efficient method in modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebellum of Parkinson's model rats compared to continuous training, which can slow down the progression of the disease.

    Keywords: Continuous Training, Interval Training, Parkinson, Inflammatory Cytokine, IL-1, TNF-Α
  • Mojdeh Lashkari, Ashraf Kariminik, Mohammadjavad Soltani-Banavandi
    Background

    The pathogenesis of Severe SARS-CoV-2 is closely linked to severe immune responses and inflammation caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this context, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) has a crucial role in inhibiting cytokine-induced immune responses. On the other hand, interleukin-29 (IL-29) and lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) are important molecules involved in inducing immune responses.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to assess the mRNA levels of SOCS1, IL-29, and LYST in the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe symptoms.

    Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, 70 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with severe symptoms and 70 healthy controls were evaluated. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood and after cDNA synthesis, the mRNA levels of SOCS1, IL-29, and LYST were assessed by Real-Time PCR technique

    Results

    The study revealed that severe COVID-19 patients exhibited a significant increase in mRNA levels of IL-29 compared to healthy individuals. However, there were no observed alterations in the mRNA levels of SOCS1 and LYST in the patient group.

    Conclusions

    The results emphasize the importance of IL-29 as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for severe COVID-19 cases. Further research is needed to investigate the specific mechanisms through which IL-29 influences immune responses and contributes to the development of severe disease. Additionally, exploring other factors that may regulate SOCS1 and LYST expression could provide a more comprehensive understanding of their roles in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

    Keywords: SARS-Cov-2, SOCS1, IL-29, LYST, COVID-19, Immune System
  • حیدر عبادی اصل، بهمن میرزایی، ارسلان دمیرچی*
    مقدمه

    چاقی یک نگرانی گسترده برای سلامت عمومی با شیوع رو به رشد جهانی است که منجر به افزایش خطر بیماری های متابولیک مزمن می شود. با وجود این، تحقیقات در مورد تاثیر ورزش و مکمل بر عوامل التهابی در افراد چاق محدود است.

    هدف

    این مطالعه اثرات تمرین عملکردی با شدت بالا (HIFT) و مکمل تیلاکوئید را بر سطوح اینترلوکین 1 بتا و اینترلوکین 8 در افراد چاق ارزیابی می کند.

    روش بررسی

    در این مطالعه 44 مرد چاق به چهار گروه کنترل (C) ،مکمل تیالکوئید (T) ،(H) HIFT و ترکیبی از مکمل ها و ورزش (HT) تقسیم شدند. شرکت کنندگان پروتکل تمرین HIFT را به مدت 12 هفته دنبال کردند، در حالی که گروه های مکمل، مکمل تیلاکوئید را برای مدت مشابه دریافت کردند. شاخص توده بدنی، بیومارکرهای التهابی از طریق نمونه های خون قبل و بعد از مداخله 12 هفته ای ارزیابی شد.

    نتایج

    در این گروه های H ،T و HT ، سطح فاکتورهای التهابی اینترلوکین 1 بتا و اینترلوکین 8 مقایسه شد. در مورد اینترلوکین-8 تفاوت معنی داری در گروه H و HT نسبت به گروه T مشاهده شد. همچنین کاهش معنی داری در سطح اینترلوکین 1 بتا در تمامی گروه های H ،T و HT نسبت به گروه کنترل مشاهده شد (0/001 > P). جالب توجه است که فاکتورهای ذکر شده در هر دو گروه H و HT نیز تفاوت معنی داری را نشان دادند (0/001 > P).

    نتیجه گیری

    یافته های مطالعه نشان داد که پروتکل HIFT و استفاده از مکمل های تیلاکوئید می تواند با نشان دادن اثر همافزایی، شاخص های التهابی سیستمیک را در مردان چاق کاهش دهد. بنابراین ورزش HIFT با مکمل های تیلاکوئید را می توان راهی موثر برای کاهش التهاب در افراد چاق در نظر گرفت.

    کلید واژگان: چاقی, تمرین عملکردی با شدت بالا, تیلاکوئید, اینترلوکین 1 بتا, اینترلوکین 8
    Heidar Ebadiasl, Bahman Mirzaei, Arsalan Damirchi*
    Background

    Obesity is a widespread public health concern with a growing global prevalence, leading to an increased risk of chronic metabolic conditions. Despite this, research on the impact of exercise and supplementation on inflammatory factors in obese individuals is limited.

    Objective

    This study evaluates the effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) and Thylakoid supplementation on interleukins-1beta and interleukin-8 levels in obese individuals.

    Methods

    In this study, 44 obese men were allocated into four groups: control (C), Thylakoid supplement (T), HIFT (H), and a combination of supplements and exercise (HT). Participants followed the HIFT exercise protocol for 12 weeks, while those in the supplement groups received Thylakoid supplement for the same duration. Body mass index, inflammatory biomarkers were assessed through blood samples before and after the 12-week intervention.

    Results

    In these groups, H, T, and HT, the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-1beta and interleukin-8 were compared. In the case of interleukin-8 a significant difference was observed in the H and HT groups compared to the T group. Also, significant decrease in interleukin-1beta level was observed in all groups, H, T, and HT, compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the mentioned factors in both H and HT groups also showed a significant difference (P < 0.001).

    Conclusion

    The findings of the study showed that the HIFT protocol and the use of thylakoid supplements can reduce systemic inflammatory indicators in obese men by showing a synergy effect. Therefore, HIFT exercise with thylakoid supplements can be considered an effective way to reduce inflammation in obese people.

    Keywords: Obesity, High Intensity Functional Training, Thylakoid, IL-1Beta, IL-8
  • وحید کاظمی زاده، امیرعباس منظمی*، فخرالدین صبا، اندرو جی مک اینچ
    مقدمه

    هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر مداخله تمرینات استقامتی (هوازی) بر سطوح نشانگرهای التهابی (IL-6/ TNF-α) و برخی پارامترهای متابولیکی در رت‏های نر مبتلا به کبد چرب غیرالکلی ناشی از رژیم غذایی پرچرب، به منظور بررسی امکان سنجی استفاده از تمرین ورزشی برای کاهش التهاب بود.

    روش کار

    در این راستا، تعداد 44 سر رت نژاد ویستار به‏ صورت تصادفی در دو گروه (I) رژیم غذایی استاندارد به تعداد 22 سر رت و همچنین (II) تعداد 22 سر رت در گروه رژیم غذایی پرچرب به همراه فروکتوزمایع (HFD+HF) با دسترسی آزاد قرار گرفتند. پس از 17 هفته، دو رت در هر گروه قربانی شدند و بافت کبد برای مشاهده رنگ آمیزی هماتوکسیلین-ائوزین گرفته شد. سپس، تعداد 20 سر رت باقی‏مانده در گروه (I) به گروه کنترل (C)، گروه تمرین (T) و 20 سر رت گروه (II) به گروه کبد چرب (FL) و گروه کبد چرب+ تمرین (FL+T)، (هر گروه شامل 10 سر رت) تقسیم شدند. در مرحله بعد گروه‏ های T، مداخله تمرین استقامتی هشت هفته‏ ای را تکمیل کردند. سپس، سطوح IL-6، TNF-α، گلوکز، انسولین، مقاومت و حساسیت به انسولین اندازه‏ گیری شد.   

    یافته ها

    نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که در اثر یک رژیم غذایی پرچرب به همراه فروکتوز مایع در رت‏های گروه HFD+HF،  بیماری کبد چرب غیرالکلی (NAFLD) با عوارضی مانند: افزایش معنی‏ داری در سطوح IL-6 و TNF-α، اختلال عملکرد کبدی و اختلال پارامترهای متابولیک، ایجاد می ‏شود  (001/0> p). همچنین، تمرینات استقامتی با معکوس کردن روند بیماری اکثر این عوارض را بهبود ‏می‏بخشد (001/0> p).

    نتیجه گیری

    با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‏توان نتیجه‏ گیری کرد که بهبود نشانگرهای التهابی، اختلال عملکرد کبدی و اختلال پارامترهای متابولیک از طریق انجام تمرینات استقامتی یکی از مکانیسم های کلیدی ورزش در درمان بیماری کبد چرب غیرالکلی است، این امر می‏تواند اهمیت تمرینات استقامتی را در درمان بیماری کبد چرب غیرالکلی نشان دهد.

    کلید واژگان: بیماری کبد چرب غیرالکلی, سندرم متابولیک, تمرین هوازی, نشانگرهای التهابی, IL-6, TNF-Α, مقاومت و حساسیت به انسولین
    Vahid Kazemizadeh, Amirabbas Monazzami*, Fakhredin Saba, Andrew J Mcainch
    Introduction

    This study aimed to analyze the effects of endurance training (Aerobic) on the levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6/TNF-α) and some metabolic parameters in male rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to investigate the feasibility of using exercise training to reduce inflammation.

    Material and Methods

    A total of 44 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: (I) standard diet group of 22 rats and (II) high-fat diet group with 22 rats supplemented with free access to fructose water. After 17 weeks, two rats from each group were sacrificed, and liver tissue was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining. Subsequently, the remaining 20 rats in the (I) group were divided into a training group (T) and a control group (C). The 20 rats in the (II) group supplemented with fructose water were divided into a fatty liver group (FL) and a fatty liver + training group (FL+T), each comprising ten rats. In the next phase, the T-groups underwent an eight-week endurance training intervention. Then, IL-6, TNF-α, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity levels were measured.

    Results

    The results of the present study showed that as a result of a high-fat diet with liquid fructose in HFD+HF group rats, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with complications such as a significant increase in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, Hepatic dysfunction, and metabolic parameters were disturbed (p<0.001). However, endurance training improved most of these complications by reversing the disease process (p<0.001).

    Conclusion

    According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the improvement of inflammatory markers, liver dysfunction, and metabolic parameters through endurance training is one of the key mechanisms of exercise in the treatment of NAFLD, the consequences of which may show the importance of endurance training in treatment of NAFLD highlights.

    Keywords: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, Aerobic Exercise, Inflammatory Markers, IL-6, TNF-Α, Insulin Resistance, Sensitivity
  • Huda Khudhyer Abbas, Basil Oied Saleh*, Hasanein Habeeb Ghali
    Background

    Several studies provide evidence for a role of serum cytokines imbalance including IL-10 and IL-27 in immune thrombocytopenia pathogenesis and prognosis. The aim of this study was designed to investigate the role of serum levels of IL-10 and IL-27 in prognosis the efficiency of treatment in thrombocytopenic Iraqi children

    Methods

    This case controls study was carried out at Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, during the period from October 2023 to March 2024. It included 88 children, 63 children previously diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia, and 25 apparently healthy children who served as control group. The included immune thrombocytopenic children were sub-grouped according to their treatment into three groups: Romiplostim group (group 1), Prednisolone group (group 2), Prednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or Prednisolone and mycophenolate group (group 3). Investigations included serum level measurements of IL-10 and IL-27 by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ELISA. Platelet count of each included children was measured by Huma Count 30 TS Human, Germany.

    Results

    The mean (±SEM) values of serum IL-10 and IL-27 levels of immune thrombocytopenic children were insignificantly lower than that of controls. In addition, there was non- significant differences in serum levels of IL-10 and IL-27 among and between the three groups of patient children. The mean value of platelet count of patient children was significantly increased by all types of treatment in whole immune thrombocytopenic children (117.48±18.15*10^9/L).

    Conclusion

    Measurement of serum IL-10 and IL-27 are helpful biomarker in prognosis of thrombocytopenia irrespective of type of treatment.

    Keywords: Immune Thrombocytopenic, IL-10, IL-27
  • Rezvan Mehrab, Hamid Sedighian, Fattah Sotoodehnejadnematalahi, Raheleh Halabian, Abbas Ali Imanifooladi *
    Background and purpose

    Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and malignant brain cancer with the highest mortality and low survival rates. To discover a more specific and efficient treatment for GBM, we synthesized and examined the cytotoxic effect of arazyme-interleukin-13 (Ara-IL13) fusion protein on GBM cells.

    Experimental approach: 

    At first, the araA-IL13 chimeric gene in the pET28a (+) vector was designed and synthesized. After transformation into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), the chimeric gene was verified by colony polymerase chain reaction. Expression optimization and purification of the AraA-IL13 fusion protein was performed and subsequently evaluated by 10% SDS-PAGE. The protein was purified and concentrated using the Amicon® Ultra- 15 centrifugal filter unit. The presence of AraA-IL13 was investigated by the western blotting technique. The enzyme was evaluated for proteolytic activity after purification on skim milk agar. The cytotoxic effect of the AraA-IL13 fusion protein was evaluated by MTT assay on U251 and T98G cell lines in vitro.

    Findings/ Results

    The chimeric protein had no proteolytic activity on skim milk agar despite high expression. Furthermore, no cytotoxic effect of this fusion protein (up to 400 μg/mL) was observed on the U251 and T98G cell lines.

    Conclusion and implications: 

    The lack of proteolytic activity and cytotoxic effect of AraA-IL13 may be due to the disruption of the three-dimensional structure of the protein or the large structure of the arazyme coupled with the ligand and the lack of proper folding of the arazyme to make the active site of the enzyme inaccessible.

    Keywords: Arazyme, Cytotoxic Effect, Glioblastoma, IL-13, Targeted Therapy, Protease
  • Hadi Sadeghi, Javad Ghaffari, Javad Rajabi, Monireh Golpour, Torsten Zuberbier, Sadegh Fattahi, Hossein Asgarian, Alireza Rafiei*

    Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a skin disease caused by mast cells that produce inflammatory mediators. Immune checkpoint receptors such as program death-1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) are essential for the pathophysiology of many autoimmune and allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 in CSU patients and their relationship to the anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10). In the current study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CSU patients and healthy individuals were used and the Urticaria Activity Score 7 (UAS7) was used to assess disease severity. TaqMan-based RT-PCR was used to assess the expression of TIM-3 and PD-1 as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and IL-10. The protein concentrations of TGF-β and IL-10 were also measured by ELISA. The relationship between the expression of TIM-3 and PD-1 as well as TGF- β and IL-10 and the severity of the disease was investigated. The results showed that PD-1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in CSU patients (P<0.0001), while TGF- β and IL-10 levels were higher in CSU patients, but this difference was not significant (p=0.638, p= 0.798). The increase in protein level of IL-10 was significant (P<0.0001).  There was also a positive correlation between the expression of PD-1 and TGF- β molecules and disease activity (P=0.0043, P=0.0018). In conclusion, the study found that the immune system expresses inhibitory molecules and anti-inflammatory cytokines to control disease severity. The higher expression of PD-1 molecules and IL-10 is associated with disease severity, suggesting that the immune system is trying to control inflammation and reduce disease severity.

    Keywords: TIM-3, PD-1, CSU, IL-10, TGF-Β, UAS7
  • Fatemeh Sedaghat, Zahra Shiravani, Ali Mohammad Karimi, Mohammadreza Haghshenas, Abbas Ghaderi, Mohammadjavad Fattahi *
    Background & Objective

     Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most prevalent gynecological malignancy in more developed countries. Multiple researches have been done about the role of IL-27 in different cancers that suggest a dual role for this cytokine. In the present study, we evaluated the serum level of IL-27 in endometrial cancer patients. We also investigated the correlations between serum levels of IL-27 and the demographic and clinicopathologic features of the patients.

    Materials & Methods

     In this case-control study, 65 endometrial cancer patients and 58 sex-age-match healthy controls were investigated. Serum levels of IL-27 in both cases and the control group were assessed by a reliable and specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and results were analyzed with SPSS.

    Results

     We observed that the serum level of IL-27 in EC patients was dramatically higher than in the control group (P=0.003). Additionally, Higher grades of EC (grade II and III) showed higher IL-27 serum levels compared to the control (P=0.006 and P=0.01 respectively). No significant correlations between serum levels of IL-27 and lymph node involvement, tumor stage, tumor size, and demographic features of the patients were detected.

    Conclusion

     Our results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between serum levels of IL-27 in EC patients and controls. Therefore, the serum level of IL-27 may exert a role in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma, although further studies are needed.

    Keywords: Cytokines, Endometrial Cancer, Gynecological Malignancy, IL-27
  • Farzad Nazari, Maryam Shahidi, Mahsa Hajvalili, Ali Asadi Rad, Esmaeil Mortaz, Davar Amani
    Background

    Although the role of B cells in normal pregnancy has been recently highlighted, their importance and function are not completely clarified. Until now, some investigations have shown that during pregnancy, regulatory B cells (Breg), a subset of B cells, are one of the key players in immune regulation by both producing IL-10 and cell-cell interactions. Therefore, any decrease in the number or function of these cells may lead to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize Breg cell frequency and function in women who suffered from RPL in comparison with healthy non-pregnant and pregnant women (under twenty weeks of gestational age) as controls.

    Method

    In this study, peripheral blood samples of women suffering from RPL (n=8), women with normal pregnancy under 20 weeks of gestational age (n=14), and healthy nonpregnant women (n=10) were collected. The frequency of Breg cells (CD19+CD24hiCD38hi) was measured by flow cytometry. The serum level of the IL-10 cytokine, as a marker of Breg cell function, was measured by ELISA.

    Results

    The Percentage of Breg cells in women who suffered from RPL was significantly lower than that of women who had normal pregnancies (P=0.0016). The percentages of Breg cells in women who suffered from RPL were also significantly lower than in non-pregnant women (P=0.0001). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in Breg cell percentages between normal pregnant and non-pregnant women. Evaluation of IL-10 concentration in the serum of women who had participated in this study showed no significant differences between the three groups.

    Conclusion

    Based on our results, the number of Breg cells was significantly lower in RPL women than in healthy non-pregnant and normal-pregnant women, which shows the significance of these cells in the maintenance of normal pregnancy. However, we could not detect significant differences in the serum levels of IL-10, bringing to mind the notion that the beneficial and supportive function of these cells during pregnancy might be independent of IL-10 secretion. by these cells. Thus, screening of Breg cells in women with pregnancy complications, especially RPL, could be helpful for predicting a healthy pregnancy.

    Keywords: Regulatory B Cell, Reproductive Immunology, IL-10, RPL
  • Sengul Aksakal *, Selim Gorgun
    Background
    The development of a cytokine storm in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection can make the disease fatal. We hypothesize that this excessive cytokine production impairs mucosal healing. IL-17 and IL-22 are cytokines that play a key role in protecting and regenerating mucosal tissues. IL-17 and IL-22 support each other, and the imbalance between them plays a role in the pathogenesis of many rheumatologic diseases.
    Objective
    To investigate whether COVID-19 severity is related to IL17, IL-22, and the IL-17/IL-22 ratio.
    Methods
    The study was planned prospectively and included 69 patients with active COVID-19 infection. Three groups were created: patients with upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, and cytokine storm. Blood samples were taken from the patients upon their first admission and serum levels of IL-17 and IL-22 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We assessed the relationship between IL17, IL22, IL17/ IL22 ratio, clinical and lung involvement by comparing them with the healthy group.
    Results
    The levels of IL-17 were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with upper respiratory tract infection compared to the control group (p=0.027). IL17/IL-22 ratio significantly increased in patients with cytokine storm compared to the healthy controls (p=0.027). Serum levels of IL-22 were negatively correlated with the CO-RADS score (r=-0.31, p=0.004), while IL-17/IL-22 ratio was positively correlated with the CO-RADS score (r=0.29, p=0.008).
    Conclusion
    Levels of IL-17, IL-22, and IL-17/IL-22 may provide valuable insights into the progression of COVID-19.
    Keywords: COVID-19, Interleukin-17, Interleukin-22, IL-17, IL-22 Ratio, Th17
  • اورهان خدایی زاویه، لطفعلی بلبلی*، معرفت سیاهکوهیان، بهروز بقایی
    پیش زمینه و هدف

    دیابت نوع دوم با افزایش التهاب در بافت های مختلف، ازجمله قلب، همراه است. بررسی فاکتورهای مرتبط با افزایش التهاب ناشی از دیابت و پیامدهای ناشی از آن می تواند تا حدودی از طریق اعمال مداخلات درمانی غیرتهاجمی کنترل گردد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر تمرین تناوبی شدت بالا و مصرف آل سیستئین بر سطوح COX2 و IL-1B بافت قلب موش های صحرایی مبتلا به دیابت نوع دوم است.

    مواد و روش کار

    در این مطالعه تجربی با نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده تعداد 30 سر موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار در پنج گروه کنترل و تجربی تقسیم شدند. پس از القای دیابت به گروه های تجربی و کنترل دیابتی، گروه های مداخله تمرین و مصرف مکمل آل سیستئین به مدت هشت هفته تمرین تناوبی شدید و مصرف مکمل را اجرا نمودند. جهت تعیین اختلاف بین گروه ها از آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و از آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی استفاده شد.

    یافته ها

    نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که اجرای تمرین تناوبی شدید سبب کاهش معنادار شاخص سطوح IL-1B (001/0=p) و مصرف مکمل آل سیستئین سبب کاهش غیرمعنادار (087/0=p) و تمرین تناوبی شدید سبب افزایش غیرمعنادار (14/0=p) سطوح شاخص Cox2 نسبت به گروه کنترل دیابتی در بافت قلب موش های صحرایی گردید. به نظر می رسد تغییرات کاهشی سطوح شاخص Cox2 در گروه مکمل آل سیستئین سبب وخیم تر شدن شرایط التهاب دیابتی می گردد.

    بحث و نتیجه گیری

    اجرای تمرین تناوبی شدید به مدت هشت هفته سبب تغییرات افزایش معنادار در سطوح شاخص IL-1b در بافت قلبی موش های صحرایی می گردد. همچنین مکمل سازی تکی و ترکیبی آل سیستئین با این نوع تمرین تغییرات مشهودی در شاخص های IL-1b و COX-2 ایجاد نکرد. ازجمله محدودیت اصلی در این مطالعه عدم نمونه برداری هم زمان در تمامی نمونه ها بود.

    کلید واژگان: تمرین تناوبی شدت بالا, آل سیستئین, COX2, IL-1B, دیابت نوع دوم
    Orhan Khodayi Zavyah, Lotfali Bolboli*, Marefat Siahkohian, Behrouz Baghaiee
    Background & Aims

    Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased inflammation in various tissues, including the heart. Examining the factors related to the increase in inflammation caused by diabetes , and its consequences , can be controlled to some extent through the application of non-invasive therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high - intensity interval training and L-cysteine consumption on the levels of COX2 and IL-1B in the heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes.

    Materials & Methods

    In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into five control and experimental groups by simple random sampling. After the induction of diabetes in the experimental and diabetic control groups, the intervention groups of exercise and L-cysteine supplement consumption performed intense intermittent exercise and supplement consumption for eight weeks. To determine the difference between groups, one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test were used.

    Results

    The results of this study showed that the implementation of intense interval training resulted in a significant decrease in IL-1B level (p=0.001) and the use of L-cysteine supplement led to a non-significant decrease (p=0.087). In contrast, intense interval training caused a non-significant increase (p=0.14) in Cox2 levels compared to the diabetic control group in the heart tissue of rats. It seems that the decreasing changes in Cox2 levels in the L-cysteine supplement group worsened the diabetic inflammation conditions.

    Conclusion

    Performing HIIT for eight weeks led to significant changes in the levels of IL-1B in the heart tissue of rats. Also, single and combined L-cysteine supplementation with this type of exercise did not cause obvious changes in IL-1B and COX-2 levels. One of the main limitations of this study was the lack of simultaneous sampling in all samples.

    Keywords: High-Intensity Interval Training, L-Cysteine, COX2, IL-1B, Type 2 Diabetes
  • محدثه گیلک دلسم، مقصود پیری*، محمدعلی آذربایجانی
    مقدمه

    مطالعات تجربی نشان داده دیابت نوع دو با اختلالات مرتبط با افسردگی ارتباط دارد. التهاب به عنوان یک مکانیسم رایج در دیابت نوع دو و افسردگی شناخته شده است. مطالعات متعدد نشان داده که ورزش شنا می تواند علائم مرتبط با افسردگی را کاهش دهد.

    هدف

    هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تاثیر تمرین شنا برسایتوکاینهای التهابی در سرم  موش های مبتلا به افسردگی- دیابت نوع دو  بود.

    روش

    طرح پژوهش تجربی از نوع کارآزمایی تصادفی کنترل دار می باشد. جامعه آماری ، موش های نرC57BL6 نگهداری شده در انستیتو پاستور ایران سال 2021 می باشد. 40 موش بصورت تصادفی انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی به 2 گروه(20نمونه درگروه) تقسیم شد. یک گروه با غذایی پرچرب و استرپتوزوسین دیابتی شد. دیابتی ها 4 هفته تحت تمرین شنا قرار گرفتند. سپس، رفتارهای شبه افسردگی با ترجیح ساکارز، هایپوفاژی ناشی از تازگی، تعامل اجتماعی و تست تعلیق دم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین سطوح گلوکز، انسولین و سایتوکاین های پیش التهابی مانند اینترلوکین1بتا و فاکتور نکروز تومورآلفا را در سرم حیوانات اندازه گیری کردیم. داده ها توسط گراف پدپریزم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.

    یافته ها

    نتایج نشان داد دیابت نوع دو رفتارهای افسردگی را در موش به طور قابل توجهی افزایش می دهد. همینطور، ورزش شنا باعث کاهش رفتار شبه افسردگی در موش های دیابتی نوع دو و همچنین باعث کاهش گلوکز و سایتوکاین های التهابی در سرم موش های مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو شد.

    نتیجه گیری

    در مجموع، این مطالعه نشان می دهد که ورزش شنا با کاهش التهاب در موش های دیابتی نوع دو، رفتار شبه افسردگی را کاهش می دهد. مطالعات بالینی بیشتری برای تایید این یافته ها در بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو مورد نیاز است.

    کلید واژگان: فاکتورنکروزتومورآلفا, اینترلوکین1بتا, دیابت نوع دو, تمرین, افسردگی
    Mohadeseh Gilak Dalasm, Maghsoud Peeri*, Mohammadali Azarbaijani
    Introduction

    Clinical and experimental studies have shown that type 2 diabetes is associated with depression-related disorders. Inflammation has been identified as a common mechanism in both type 2 diabetes and depression. Several studies have suggested that swimming exercise might be able to reduce depression-related symptoms

    Aim

    The present research aims to investigate the effect of swimming training on inflammatory cytokines in the serum of rats with depression-type 2 diabetes.

    Method

    The experimental research design is a randomized controlled trial. The statistical population is male C57BL6 mice kept in Pasteur Institute of Iran in 2021. 40 mice were randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups (20 samples in each group). One group became diabetic with a high-fat diet and Streptozotocin. Diabetic samples underwent swimming training for 4 weeks. Then, depression-like behaviors were assessed with Sucrose preference, Novelty-suppressed feeding, Social interaction, and Tail suspension test. We also measured the levels of glucose, insulin and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum of the animals. The data were analyzed by Graphpad Primes.

    Results

    The results indicated that type 2 diabetes significantly increased anhedonia- and depression-like behaviours in mice. Moreover, swimming exercise reduced anhedonia- and depression-like behaviour in type 2 diabetic mice. Swimming exercise also decreased glucose and inflammatory cytokines in the serum of mice with type 2 diabetes.

    Conclusion

    Collectively, this study demonstrates that swimming exercise decreased depression-like behaviour by reducing inflammation in type 2 diabetic mice.Further clinical studies are needed to validate these findings in patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Keywords: TNF-Α, IL-1Β, Type 2 Diabetes, Exercise, Depression
  • Hossein Ali Khazaie, Nazar Ali Molaie, Forugh Forughi, Arewic Gowrkian, Javid Dehghan, Javad Mahmodi
    Background

    Cytokines are important in many pathobiological processes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum levels of interleukin-33 (IL- 33) and the severity of COPD disease.

    Method

    In this cross-sectional research, the study population consisted of all COPD patients referring to the pulmonary clinic of Imam-Ali Hospital of Zahedan city. Sixty patients were selected using the available sampling method. Serum IL-33 levels were measured by the quantitative ELISA method.

    Results

    Of 60 patients, 23 (38.3%) and 37 (61.7%) subjects were male and female, respectively. Analysis shows a significant difference between serum IL-33 of the two groups with regard to the severity of COPD disease. There was a statistically significant negative relationship between the serum level of IL-33 and the severity (decrease of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)) of COPD disease.

    Conclusion

    Our results indicate a systemic release of IL-33 correlated with the severity of COPD.

    Keywords: Cytokine, IL-33, Severity, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD
  • Omer Faruk Tirink, Mervan Bekdas *, Ayhan Cetinkaya, Selma Erdogan Duzcu, Murat Alisik, Meyri Arzu Yoldas
    Background
    Acute lung injury is respiratory failure due to various causes. Increased inflammatory and oxidative processes are recognized to play an essential role in the etiology of ARDS. Abelmoschus esculentus is an herbal product used to treat various diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate whether Abelmoschus esculentus has an effect on acute lung injury.
    Materials and Methods
    In this experimental study, we used the ethanol extract of Abelmoschus esculentus seed. It divided forty male Wistar rats into five equal groups: 1) control, 2) Abelmoschus esculentus, 3) lipopolysaccharide,
    4) lipopolysaccharide+Abelmoschus esculentus, and 5) lipopolysaccharide+ Abelmoschus esculentus +dexamethasone groups.
    Results
    In the lipopolysaccharide group, native thiol, total thiol, IL-10, and IFN-ɣ levels significantly changed. Abelmoschus esculentus was effective when used with dexamethasone in increasing native thiol and total thiol values (p=0.008 and p=0.004, respectively). On the other hand, when Abelmoschus esculentus was used alone, it significantly increased IL-10 levels and decreased IFN-ɣ levels in the lipopolysaccharide group (p=0.025 and p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, improvements were noted in histological findings of alveolar congestion (p=0.006), intra-alveolar hemorrhage (p=0.006), and intra-alveolar macrophages (p=0.001).
    Conclusion
    Abelmoschus esculentus, with its anti-inflammatory effect, may represent a new potential for treating acute lung injury.
    Keywords: Abelmoschus Esculentus, Acute Lung Injury, IL-10, IFN-Ɣ, Thiol
  • Mohammad Sadegh Hashemzadeh *, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Mozafar Mohammadi, Yaser Yousefpoor, Ehsan Rezaei, Gholamhossein Alishiri
    Purpose

     Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a type of autoimmune disease that results in chronic inflammation of the joint synovial tissue, leading to joint damage and significant disability. Despite ongoing research, the exact cause of RA remains unclear, and current treatments have limitations. This study explores the potential of utilizing interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and anti-inflammatory macrophages polarized in the vicinity of the supernatant from allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a novel therapeutic approach for RA.

    Methods

     An expression cassette containing the IL-1RA gene was constructed and expressed in E. coli BL21. The resulting protein was purified and stabilized for use in in vivo experiments. Bone marrow MSCs were isolated and used to produce anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages from the isolated peripheral blood monocytes. The macrophages were then used to treat mice with RA induced by collagen type II.

    Results

     The combination of IL-1RA and M2 macrophages improved clinical and histopathological symptoms of the disease, reduced levels of inflammatory factors, and modulated the immune system in the treated mouse groups. The results showed that this combinatory therapy had a synergistic effect for RA treatment.

    Conclusion

     The simultaneous use of IL-1RA and M2 cells could be a promising approach for the treatment of RA. This combinatory therapy has the potential to improve the disease and decrease the severity of inflammation in patients with RA.

    Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis, IL-1RA, Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages, Synergistic Effect, Novel Therapeutic Approach, Combinatory Therapy
  • Lawin Ahmed Omar*, Suhaila Nafee Darogha
    Background

    There is evident inter-individual variability in women's responses to Chlamydial infections and reproductive tract problems. Women's genetic variations within the Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene have been linked to variances in response to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. This study was aimed to demonstrate the profound association of IL-10 with infertility and demonstrate the role of IL-10 (-592 C/A rs1800872) and (-1082 A>G rs1800896) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) gene in the susceptibility and severity of a C. trachomatis infection.

    Method

    In this evaluation study, serum IL-10 concentration was measured in 134 women diagnosed with infertility and 50 healthy volunteers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) analysis was performed to detect the genotyping of the rs1800872 and rs1800896 SNPs genes.

    Result

    Both female groups were positive for anti-chlamydial IgM antibody, but the intensity of response differed between cases. At the same time, the incidence of genital C. trachomatis by PCR was 46.2% in infertile women. The serum concentration of IL10 was lower in infertile women than healthy participants and higher in infertile C. trachomatis-positive women compared to infertile C. trachomatis-negative in all groups except endometriosis (Endo) infertility. In rs1800872, the CA genotype and C allele are associated with an increased risk for infertility, except in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is an A allele. In the case of rs1800896, the AG genotype and G allele show a greater risk for infertility.

    Conclusions

    Our results confirmed that rs1800872 and rs1800896 gene polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of C. trachomatis infection.

    Keywords: Chlamydia Trachomatis, Female Infertility, IL-10, SNP
  • Shahla Shahbazi, Farzad Badmasti, Mehri Habibi, Samira Sabzi, Narjes Noori Goodarzi, Mehdi Farokhi*, Mohammadreza Asadi Karam*
    Background

    The growing threat of antibiotic resistance and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in healthcare settings highlights the urgent need for innovative solutions, such as vaccines, to address these challenges. This study sought to assess the potential of using K. pneumoniae OmpA as a vaccine candidate through both in silico and in vivo analyses.

    Methods

    The study examined the OmpA protein sequence for subcellular localization, antigenicity, allergenicity, similarity to the human proteome, physicochemical properties, B-cell epitopes, MHC binding sites, tertiary structure predictions, molecular docking, and immune response simulations. The ompA gene was cloned into the pET-28a (+) vector, expressed, purified and confirmed using Western blotting analysis. IgG levels in the serum of the immunized mice were measured using ELISA with dilutions ranging from 1:100 to 1:6400, targeting rOmpA and K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA method were also assessed.

    Results

    The bioinformatics analysis identified rOmpA as a promising vaccine candidate. The immunized group demonstrated significant production of specific total IgG antibodies against rOmpA and K. pneumoniae ATCC1 13883, as compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). The titers of antibodies produced in response to bacterial exposure did not show any significant difference when compared to the anti-rOmpA antibodies (p > 0.05). The ELISA test sensitivity was 1:3200, and the antibodies in the serum could accurately recognize K. pneumoniae cells.

    Conclusion

    This study is a significant advancement in the development of a potential vaccine against K. pneumoniae that relies on OmpA. Nevertheless, additional experimental analyses are required.

    Keywords: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, IL-1Β, Post-Traumatic Epilepsy, Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Fatemeh Shafiee *, Ali Yazdani
    Background and purpose

    Anakinra must be injected daily due to its short half-life and this leads to lower patient compliance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) with albumin binding domain (ABD) as a novel fusion protein and evaluate its binding ability to albumin and its biological effects.

    Experimental approach: 

    The three-dimensional structure of IL-1Ra-ABD was predicted by MODELLER software and its interaction with IL-1R was evaluated by the HADDOCK server. The expression of IL-1Ra-ABD was performed in E. coli in fusion with intein 1 of pTWIN1 in soluble form and then purified. The affinity of IL-1Ra-ABD to human serum albumin (HSA) was determined on native-PAGE, and its release percent toward time was evaluated. Moreover, an MTT assay was used to determine the antagonizing properties of recombinant IL-1Ra-ABD against IL-1β in A375 and HEK293 cell lines.

    Findings/ Results

     The stable complex of IL-1Ra-ABD with IL-1R established the absence of steric hindrance due to the addition of ABD to IL-1Ra. The expression induction of intein 1-IL-1Ra-ABD using 0.1 mM IPTG at 15 °C, and its cleavage represented bands approximately in 50 and 23 kDa. Furthermore, about 78% of IL-1Ra-ABD was attached to the HSA after 2 h of incubation, and the MTT assay showed no significant differences between the effects of IL-1Ra-ABD and native IL-1Ra in cell survival.

    Conclusions and implications: 

    The production of soluble IL-1Ra-ABD with no significant differences in IL-1Ra antagonizing effects was successfully performed. IL-1Ra-ABD showed suitable interaction with HSA and was released over time. However, the half-life of IL-1Ra-ABD in vivo must be determined in the subsequent investigations.

    Keywords: Albumin Binding Domain, Human Serum Albumin, IL-1Ra, Intein
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