جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ileum » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Henoch Schoenline (HSP) purpura is a type of inflammation that results in blockage of small blood vessels (1) with skin and systemic complications (2). It is the most common vasculitis in children under the age of 10, with the highest prevalence in boys. The disease is characterized by a leukocytoclastic vasculitis involving small vessels, along with evidence of immune complexes including Iga (3). Unlike other systemic vasculitis, the disease is usually self-limiting, with four clinical symptoms including kidney involvement, abdominal pain, arthritis or joint pain, and palpable perforation without coagulation disorder or a decrease in platelet count. It leads to blockage of small blood vessels, which is often seen in children. The onset of the disease in adulthood is uncommon and is associated with more severe clinical syndrome and worse outcomes. We present a case of extensive perforation in the ileum in a 40-year-old man with vasculitis and treated with corticosteroids who have been operated on with a diffuse abdominal pain with a tendon and rebound on examination.

Increase in the consumption of nano zinc oxide in medicine, manufacturing cosmetic products, and in research has raised the questions about their toxicity. Because of the small size of nano materials its absorption by the digestive system is simple. In this study, the effects of nano zinc oxide have been investigated in vivo on the ileum tissue of adult NMRI male mice.
In this experimental study, male mice were randomly divided into five groups, including control, sham, and three experimental groups. 10-30 nm-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally in three concentrations, 100-300-500mg/kg for 21 days. Histological changes including; height and width of the ileum villus, the thickness of the muscle tissue and epithelium tissue, width of connective tissue, diameter of crypts, and goblet cell numbers were studied by One Way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer posttest, after treatments.
Findings: The results showed that nano zinc oxide had no effect on the height and the width of villi and diameter of crypts, but reduced the width of lamina propria and goblet cells of and increased the width of epithelium and muscle tissue ileum (P Discussion & The height and the width of villi and crypts diameter in the experimental groups had no significant difference compared to the sham and control groups. However, the width of the lamina propria and the number of goblet cells decreased significantly in all experimental groups, which indicated low toxicity of nano zinc oxide in these doses. A significant increase was observed in epithelium and muscle tissue compared to the control and sham groups. It seems that nano zinc oxide could be increase the growth of epithelial cells. Due to changes in the intestinal epithelium tissue in adjacent to nano zinc oxide, the long- term use of this material should be avoided.

The effects of cholinergic system are applied through both nicotine and muscarinic receptors. Considering to muscarinic receptorsexistence in therat ileum, in this researchthe effectof carbachol (muscarinic receptor agonist) and scopolamine (muscarinic receptor antagonists) on the ileum contraction induced by KCl in adult male rats were studied.
The distal part of Wistar rat’s ileum was separated and its contractions were recorded under one gr stretching and 37 degree temperature in the bathroom containing the solution of Tyrode by Isotonic method. The ileum tissue separately affected by KCl then carbachol in the first group, KCl then scopolamine in the second group, scopolamine for 30 minutes then KCl in the third group and 10-3 M concentration of scopolamine for 30 minutesthen 10-2 M concentration carbachol in the fourth group.
There was a significant difference between zero concentration and (10-2,10-3,10-4mg/ml) concentrations of carbachol (P This study showed that different concentrations of carbachol enhance induced contraction by potassium chloride in a concentration-dependent manner and has a synergistic effect with potassium chloride. Also, different concentrations of scopolamine decrease induced contraction by potassium chloride in a concentration-dependent manner.

 Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) rhizome has been widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of gastrointestinal disease. In the present study, the effect of a hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice rhizome on mechanical activity of isolated ileum of male rats has been studied.

The hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice rhizome prepared by percolation method. Adult male rats were anesthetized by ethyl ether, their abdomen was opened, the ileum dissected and divided into 1 cm segments. The segments were connected to a force transducer longitudinally and inserted to an organ bath with oxygenated Tyrode’s solution (37°C, pH 7.4). The mechanical activity of ileum was recorded by force isotonic transducer and Power Lab AD instrument in basal condition, and after administration of acetylcholine10-5 M, phenylephrine 2×10-5 M, Isoproterenol 10-4 M and propranolol 10-4 M in the presence and absence of  the extract.

A significant decrease in mechanical activity of the isolated ileum occurred after administration of the extract alone, or the extract along with acetylcholine. However, mechanical activity did not changed when the extract was administered with phenylephrine, with isoproterenol, or with propranolol.

The hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice modulates ileum motility. It seems that the cholinergic system but not the adrenergic system might be involved in this effect.

Parsley is one of the medicinal herbs used for gastrointestinal disorders. However, spasmolytic activity of Petroselinum crispum (parsley) extract has been reported, there is a lack of information to support the mechanism of this antispasmodic activity. Taking this into account, the purpose of the present work was to investigate the role of GABAA receptor on antispasmodic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of parsley seed in isolated rat ileum.
In this study, terminal portion of ileum (2 cm) was dissected out and mounted in an organ bath containing air bubbled Tyrode solution (37οC, pH=7.4). Under 1gr resting tension, ileal contraction was induced by KCl (60 mM) and recorded isotonically. The effects of non-cumulative (0.1-0.5 mg/ml) concentrations of extract on KCl-induced contractions were examined. After evaluating the effect of agonist and antagonist GABAA receptor, the effect of parsley extract was assessed in the presence of muscimol (25 µM) and bicuculline (10 µM) as agonist and antagonist of GABAA, respectively.
Parsley seed extract reduced the KCl-induced ileal contraction in a concentration-dependent manner (n=7, p It seems that GABAA receptor is not involved in the antispasmodic effect of parsley seeds extract in rat ileum.

Electromagnetic waves with the frequencies of 0–300 Hz and the intensity of 0.1–100 millitesla can affect several cellular activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF) on the adrenergic system in the small intestine.
21 adult male rats were divided into three groups. The first group was experimental group which exposed to ELF (50Hz, 1mT) for 75 days in powered on solenoid. The second group was sham group which was kept in similar conditions as the first group but in powered off solenoid. The third group or the control group was kept in animal house condition. The isolated strips of the colon were inserted into organ bath and were linked to power lab A to D system force transducer and their mechanical activity were recorded in response to different doses of Isoproterenol (10-4 M and10-5 M). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test.
The results showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) of ileum basal contractions in experimental group compared to control and sham groups. While the relaxation changes of ileum in response to the different doses of isoproterenol (β2 adrenergic receptors agonist) in the experimental group compared to the sham and control groups was not statistically significant.
It can be concluded that prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields may not affect β2 -adrenergic receptors activity.

The licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) rhizome has been widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
In the present study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice rhizome on mechanical activity of isolated ileum of male rats has been studied.
Seven adult male rats were anesthetized by ethyl ether, their abdomen opened, and ileum dissected and divided into 1 cm segments. The segments were connected to a force transducer longitudinally and inserted to an organ bathe contained oxygenated Tyrode solution (37 °C, pH=7.4). Their mechanical activity of ileum was recorded by power lab AD instrument in basal condition, and after administration of L-NAME (10-4M) drug in the presence and absence of licorice rhizome extract (0.0175 mg/ml). Also the mechanical activity of control group segments were recorded at the same condition with extract solvent (ethanol %70).
A significant decrease in mechanical activity of the isolated ileum occurred after administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice compared to the control group, while the mechanical activity of ileum tissue not significantly changed in the coadministration of L-NAME and extract between experimental and control groups.
We can conclude that hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice has modifying effect on ileum motility, and this activity may be occurred independently to the nitrergic system.

Nitric Oxide in the small intestine causes relaxation of smooth muscles. Research indicates that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF) affect nitric oxide level in the tissues. The objective of this study was to grasp the effect of prolonged exposure to ELF on the nitrergic system in the small intestine.
21 adult male rats were allocated to three groups: the experimental group exposed to ELF (50Hz, 1mT) for 75 days, the sham-operated group underwent similar conditions except ELF exposure; and the control group mice were kept under the laboratory normal condition. The isolated strips of the colon were inserted into organ bath and were linked to force transducer power lab A to D system and their mechanical activity were recorded in response to L-NAME. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA test.
The results exhibited a significant increase (p≤0.05) of ileum basal contractions in experimental group when compared to control and sham groups. However, administration of L-NAME (inhibitor of NO synthesis) led to a significant decrease in ileum contraction in the experimental group compared to the sham and control groups (p≤0.05).
It can be concluded that prolonged exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields may decrease the activity of nitrergic system in small intestine of the male rats.

because of the side effects of chemical drugs, using plant drugs was considered during recent decades. Based on previous studies, various concentrations of plant extracts can reduce ileum contraction caused by KCl and carbachol. Therefore, in this study, the role of muscarinic receptors in anti-spasmolytic activity of hydroalcohlic extract of parsley(petroselinum crispum)seed in adult male rat's ileum was investigated.
The distal part of Wistar rat’s ileum was separated and its contractions were recorded under 1 gr stretching and 37oC temperature in the bathroom containing the solution of Tyrode by Isotonic method. The ileum tissue was inserted in separately in first group affected by KCl and parsley seed, in the second group affected by KCl and carbachol with concentration 10-2 mg/ml and after that parsley seed, the third group affected by carbachol with concentration 10-2 mg/ml and then the extraction of parsley seed and the fourth group affected by scopolamine with concentration 10-3 M and after that KCl and then the extraction of parsley seed.
Non-cumulative concentrations of extract reduced the ileum contraction caused by KCl (60mM) in a concentration-dependent form (p This study showed that the hydroalcholic of parsley seed extract has a relaxatory effect on rat’s ileum. Carbachol with KCl has a synergistic effect on smooth muscle contraction of the ileum wall and muscarinic receptors do not involve in the inhibitory function of parsley seed extract.

Herbal plants have been used for the treatment of different abnormalities such as spasm disorders. Some of these plants have gastro intestinal property. One of these herbs in iranian traditional medicine is Thymus migricus which used for antispasmodic activity and its effects present in essential oil. The present study was designed to find out the effects of Thymus migricusessence on mechanical activity of the isolated rat’s ileum.
In this study, for evaluation of spasmolythic property of essense, different doses of the solution were added to organ bath after acetylcholine (Ach) with concentration of 10-4 molar (M) and for assessment of its antispasmodic, different doses of the solution were added to the organ bath before Ach with concentration of 10-6upto 10-3 M, then isotonic contraction of ileum were recorded in three groups of control, test and shamthrough an isolated tissue chamber in an organ bath by using isotonic transducer and oscillographic device.
Findings:The results from different concentration of Thymus migricusessence on Ach 10-4 M showed that concentration of 50 ng/ml of essense and higher was reduced to 95% of Ach induced contraction which is significant (PDiscussion & Thymus migricusessence hasspasmolythic and antispasmodic property.these effects may be produced by Thymol which is present in its essence and reduced calcium activity and release by sarcoplasmic reticulum.