جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « impurity » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

A dog is an animal that is usually kept as a pet and is often allowed to live indoors. However, the issue of the uncleanliness of dogs is an important matter of jurisprudence, and it is necessary to understand the ruling on their uncleanliness. Some people argue that considering dogs unclean is against their rights. The respectful treatment of such issues, especially for those who are not qualified to comment on religious issues, has raised doubts and uncertainties about the nature of certain religious tenets. On the other hand, the hadiths (traditions) of the infallibles clearly mention the uncleanliness of dogs. In the field of medical parasitology, dogs play an important role in the transmission of parasitic diseases such as hydatid cysts and toxocara.

This descriptive-analytical study aims to investigate the views of religious jurists on the uncleanliness of dogs and the effects of dogs on human health from a medical -parasitological and Islamic perspective.

According to the sciences of medical parasitology and Islam, the dog has a great impact on the pathogenesis of human diseases mediated by contact with the feces and urine of this animal.

In accordance with religious traditions about dogs, their impurity is indisputable. Many parasitic diseases in humans, such as hydatid cysts, toxocara, etc., can be transmitted to humans through the feces of dogs. Therefore, the uncleanliness of dogs is also important in terms of health and Islamic rules.

Considering various applications of alcohol in human life in today s world, it is important to discuss whether alcohol is pure (Tahir) or impure (Najis). The present study was conducted to investigate its jurisprudential aspects from the viewpoint of Shiite Islam (one of the two main branches of Islam).

This study was designed based on library collection development method as well as methods of reasoning by reviewing texts published on purity (Taharat) and impurity (Najasat) of alcohol and any intoxicating liquor. Qur anic verses, formal legal opinions of religious scholars (Fatwas) and narrations (Hadiths= Record of the traditions or sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) were used here.

There is disagreement between the jurists (Faqīhs) about the purity of alcohol. The argument of the jurists who believe in the impurity of alcohol is based on the fact that alcohol is an intoxicating liquor and that anything that is intoxicating is impure, and as a result alcohol is impure. In this study, both introductions of this argumentation are questioned by a careful examination of the narrations (Hadiths) and arguments (Dalil). That is, the arguments for the impurity of any intoxicating liquor has been criticized and if we assume that any intoxicating liquor is impure, it has been proved that alcohol is not considered an intoxicating factor.

The results of this study show that there is no reason for the impurity of alcohol, and we can rely on the formal legal opinions of religious scholars (Fatwas) about the purity or impurity of alcohol based on the principle of purity (Everything is purie until its impurity is proved).

Dog is one of the loyal animals that was used in the past in some jobs. Today, not only its services are vaster and more important, but also intentionally or unintentionally, it exist in some houses. In the present era, dog and its keeping and its adaptation to today's life is one of the challenges in jurisprudence and medical science and dynamic jurisprudence should be able to combine the new life and productivity of this animal with the old jurisprudence, according to the definite principles of Sharia, and provide a solution for interaction with this animal.

The descriptive and analytical present study intends to discuss the subject of dog and its keeping in jurisprudence of the five religions in adaption with medical science data about this animal in order to provide a ruling commensurate with its rights and services with help of religious texts and jurists’ analysis and medical science.

The majority of the Jurists according to texts such as frequent washing the dishes which are in contact with dog’s mouth in a special way and the transmission of some diseases to human, believe in its impurity, and others according to the principle of cleanliness of objects, vaccinations and various medical tests say that it is clean and permitted. It seems that although the keeping of this animal is not encouraged in the Shari'a, ignoring their rights and services is not desirable. Therefore, according to the devotional view of washing the dog's mouth and the literary meaning of the word "beit" in the texts indicating the prohibition of angels entering the room, not the house, as well as medical science data in controlling this animal, we should combine texts prohibiting its keeping with the use of its services and change the limited view of impurity to a wider view and the rule that the dog is not impure and benefit from its services..