جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "mythology" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"
جستجوی mythology در مقالات مجلات علمی
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According to ancient Iranian mythology, the world is depicted as a battleground between the forces of good and evil. Ahuramazda is revered as the ultimate source of goodness, while Ahriman is portrayed as the creator of all things malevolent, such as darkness, ignorance, pain, and disease. These mythological concepts have been passed down through references in the Avesta texts and Pahlavi literature, providing insights into the beliefs of ancient Iranians. In a scholarly exploration of these themes, the research delves into the textual evidence concerning illness, treatment, and the origins of these concepts as presented in the Bundahishn, a reliable source for understanding ancient Iranian beliefs. Ancient Iranian cosmology posits that afflictions and maladies stem from the destructive influence of Ahriman and his cohorts, who seek to wreak havoc upon creation. Conversely, the forces of Ahuramazda strive to counteract this demonic evil by imparting medical knowledge to humanity and teaching healing practices. Within this dualistic worldview, pain and disease are attributed to demonic origins, while medicine and treatment are associated with Ahuramazda. The ancient Iranians viewed the pursuit of medical knowledge and the practice of pharmacy as integral components of the eternal battle between good and evil. In this framework, safeguarding health and administering treatment are essential in the ongoing struggle against evil forces. This holistic perspective underscores the interconnectedness of physical well-being with spiritual beliefs, emphasizing the role of individuals in preserving their health as an act of resistance against demonic influences.Keywords: Ancient Iran, Bundahishn, Ancient Physicians, Medical Plants, History Of Medicine, Pain, Mythology
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Medicine is a manifestation of social life and intellectual infrastructure in every society at any time in history. As a technic focusing on needs, its existential roots can be found in any place in different eras. Although in pre-historic period medicine was at myths’ service which was enriched by imaginary necessities, partial and iconographic approach, it is not possible to strip off the aspects accordant with reality. In fact, the myths gave meaning to minor instances of mythology in human life in order to bring an answer worthy of human understanding to needs and proportions of the mysterious life in this world. This answer, certainly has roots in reality and affects one’s individual and social life. In ancient Greece, the mythical thoughts gave meaning to people’s lives. In fact, understanding life was in the same direction with existential understanding of myths. Continual needs of mortal human linked to solid thoughts, which resulted in deep beliefs inclined to reality. In Greek mythology, healing God, Asclepius, had a great role in medicine. Disease and health depended on the interaction between people, and the temple and the priests, and of course, the most prominent of all, on deep beliefs. Although the therapy factors were more spiritual and supernatural, gradually experimental behavior continued and, as a result, it was a beginning for the emergence of scientific experimental medicine. The idea that visualized tangible factors for each occurrence finally resulted in a mental synchronization. Eventually, the whole concept became generalizable and paved the way for empiricism and experimental medicine.
Keywords: Ancient Greece, History of Medicine, Mythology, Treatment Methods -
پیش زمینه و هدفپزشکی از پرسابقه ترین علوم بشری بوده و قدمتی به بلندای تاریخ بشریت دارد؛ و ازآنجاکه با حیات و بقای بشر در ارتباط است از جایگاه ویژه ایی در سازمان ها و نهادهای اجتماعی برخوردار می باشد. بررسی های تاریخی ریشه علم پزشکی را با مذاهب، اساطیر، سنت ها و آداب ورسوم بشری مرتبط می داند به طوری که در کتاب اوستا علاوه بر جلوه های اساطیری پزشکی، نوع خاصی از پزشکی و بهداشت در ایران باستان دیده می شود. ازاین رو با توجه به این قدمت، دانش پزشکی در سیر تاریخی خود دستخوش تغییرات اساسی شده است، که در این میان در دوره سامانیان با ظهور پزشکان نامی همچون محمد بن زکریای رازی و ابوعلی سینا علم پزشکی وارد عرصه جدیدی از حیات خود گردیده که به دلیل تاثیر انکارناپذیر این دوره بر غنای علوم، به خصوص علم طب که در ادوار بعدی از اهمیت و جایگاه ویژه ای برخوردار گشته است. بر این اساس محقق در مطالعه حاضر درصدد بررسی اهمیت و جایگاه علم پزشکی در دوره سامانیان تحت تاثیر پزشکی ایران باستان می باشد.
مواد وروش کارروش به کاررفته در این پژوهش، توصیفی – تحلیلی است. اطلاعات مربوط به موضوع از طریق بررسی کتابخانه ای گردآوری و پس از فیش برداری اقدام به تحلیل مواد خام شده است. منابع مورداستفاده ازلحاظ تقدم و تاخر تاریخی و اهمیت و اعتبار، طبقه بندی و مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفته و تا حد امکان در تدوین این اثر بر منابع دست اول و اصلی تاکید شده است.یافته هاسامانیان برای تدام تلاش های فرهنگی خود، به زنده کردن نمادهای باستانی مبادرت ورزیدند. رویکرد سامانیان به ریشه های فرهنگ ایرانی نه تنها در پزشکی، ادبیات، موسیقی، و صنایع دستی نمودار بود؛ بلکه در داروسازی و علم شیمی هم قابل مشاهده است.بحث و نتیجه گیریبا نگاهی اجمالی به اسناد برجای مانده از دوره باستان به خوبی اهمیت دانش و آموزش پزشکی در میان ایرانیان مشخص می شود. بی تردید این توجه و اهتمام به آموزش علم طب در دوران اساطیر ایران باستان و دوره های بعدی ازجمله دوره سامانیان نشان دهنده پویایی فرهنگ و تمدن ایران زمین در طول تاریخ در مقایسه با فرهنگ ها و تمدن های هم عصر خود است. آثار گران بهای محمد بن زکریای رازی و ابوعلی سینا طب زمان سامانیان را به طب خاص بین المللی تبدیل کرد. نقش ممتاز و ماندگار پزشکان و داروسازان این دوره در احیای فرهنگی علم پزشکی فراموش نشدنی است.کلید واژگان: علم پزشکی, ایران باستان, اساطیر, دوره سامانیانBackground & AimsMedicine is one the most important sciences of human knowledge and also it has communication with human life and survival and contains special position in the social institutes and organizations. Historical investigators relate medical science root to religion, mythology, traditions and human ceremonies and manners. In Avesta scripture, we can observe medical mythology scenes that show the attention of people in Ancient Iran to hygiene and medical patterns. According to the ancient case, medical science in the historical era faced basic changes. In Sasanid era, famous physicians such as Muhammad Ibn-e- Zakarya and Abu Ali Sina provided inevitable outcomes to sciences enrichment. So authors in current study investigated medical science position in Sasanid era.Materials & MethodsThis study was analytical- descriptive. Related information of the subjects was gathered by library investigation and the information was analyzed in raw data after fishing. Used references according to primitive and last historical importance and validity were classified and evaluated.ResultsSamanids tried to survive the ancient symbols by continuing cultural affairs. Samanids survey is observable in the Iranian cultural roots, medical, literature, music, handcrafts, medicine and chemistry science.ConclusionBy browsing the remained documents from the ancient era, we can determine the importance of the medical training and knowledge. Attention to medical science training in Iran ancient era and next stages such as Sasanid era show Iranian civilization and cultural dynamic against other contemporary civilizations and cultures. The valuable work of Muhammad Ibn-e- Zakarya and Abu Ali Sina changed Sasanid medicine to international level. The main role of physicians is not forgotten in the cultural revival of medical science.Keywords: Medical science, Ancient Iran, Mythology, Sasanid era. -
Myths are reflective of human concerns and needs during ancient times. By reviewing them, it turns out that many human problems today, have a historical background. Among the main themes of ancient mythologies, fertility and reproduction have various representations in ancient civilizations. The purpose of this paper was to review myths and common symbols of fertility and reproduction in ancient civilizations and evaluate the reasons of their continuous importance in different cultures. The data in this review study was obtained by scrutinizing the related literature. The gathered data indicated the multiplicity and variety of fertility symbols in ancient myths. Most ancient fertility symbols were inspired by the nature and some of them like earth and water were common in mythology of different civilizations. Therefore, the symbols consolidate the concept of conformity between human reproductive concerns and the nature’s necessities.Keywords: Ceremonial behavior, Culture, Fertility, Humans, Infertility, Mythology
نکته
- نتایج بر اساس تاریخ انتشار مرتب شده‌اند.
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