جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "near infrared" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

 Photothermal therapy (PTT) by using a near-infrared (NIR) laser, as a successful treatment of cancer, has attracted extensive attention of researchers. Its advantages as a noninvasive and suitable method have been confirmed. Discovery of the NIR laser molecular mechanism at the cellular level via system biology assessment to identify the crucial targeted genes is the aim of this study.

 RNA-seq series of six samples were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and pre-evaluated by the GEO2R program for more analysis. The significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined and studied via gene expression analysis, proteinprotein interaction (PPI) network assessment, action map evaluation, and gene ontology enrichment.

 HSPA5, DDIT3, TRIB3, PTGS2, HMOX1, ASNS, GDF15, SLC7A11, and SQSTM1 were identified as central genes. Comparing the central genes and the determined crucial genes via gene expression analysis, actin map results, and gene ontology enrichment led to the introduction of HSPA5, DDIT3, PTGS2, HMOX1, and GDF15 as critical genes in response to the NIR laser.

 The results indicated that the principle biological process “Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response” and HSPA5, DDIT3, PTGS2, HMOX1, and GDF15 are the crucial
targets of the NIR laser. The results also showed that the NIR laser induces stress conditions in the irradiated cells.

Evidence supports the clinical applicability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in intracranial hematoma detection in prehospital settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of NIRS for detecting intracranial hematoma in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.

A systematic search was performed in July 2024 inMedline, Embase, Scopus, andWeb of Science databases. We included studies that evaluated the diagnostic performance of NIRS in detecting intracranial hematoma in both adult and pediatric patients suspected of TBI in prehospital or emergency settings, using brain computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging as the gold standard.

Eighteen studies enrolling 2979 patients were included. NIRS exhibited an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88, 0.93), with a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.91), and specificity of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.89) across all age groups. In children, the results demonstrated an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.94), sensitivity of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.21, 1.00), and specificity of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.91). Among adults, the AUC was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.93), with sensitivity and specificity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.92) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.91), respectively. Performance improved when NIRS was operated by non-physicians (AUC = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.91, 0.96], sensitivity = 0.90 [95% CI: 0.79, 0.95], specificity = 0.85 [95% CI: 0.71, 0.93]) compared to physicians (AUC = 0.90 [95% CI: 0.87, 0.92], sensitivity = 0.88 [95% CI: 0.77, 0.94], specificity = 0.75 [95% CI: 0.59, 0.76]). Patients’ age group and operator type were identified as potential sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings, particularly in mild TBI cases and studies implementing a OD > 0.2 as the threshold for a positive NIRS result.

NIRS proves to be an effective diagnostic tool for detecting traumatic intracranial hematoma in both pediatric and adult groups, with high sensitivity and specificity. Its utility in prehospital triage, operated by physicians or paramedics, underscores its potential for broader clinical application.

Monitoring regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2)andhemodynamic stability (eg,meanarterial blood pressure [MABP]) in high-risk premature infants is crucial to enhance daily clinical practices in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

This study aimed to investigate potential differences between oxygen saturation measurements obtained via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and pulse oximetry (PO).

This pilot study enrolled20verylow-birth-weight (VLBW) prematureneonates through a non-random, available sampling approach. We gathered maternal and fetal demographic data along with clinical characteristics of the neonates. The study focused on assessing tissue and cerebral oxygenation using PO and NIRS. We specifically monitored changes in mean rScO2 and MABP at various time points: before, during, and 5 and 10 min after the administration of surfactant injection (SI) via the endotracheal tube.

The mean gestational age, neonatal birth weight, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min after birth were 28.44 ± 2.57 weeks, 1063 ± 246 g, 6.05 ± 2.57, and 7.94 ± 1.79, respectively. No significant differences were observed between mean rScO2 values measured by NIRS and PO before (P = 0.631), during (P = 0.722), and 5 min after (P = 0.783) SI. However, a significant difference between PO and NIRS-based rScO2 values was found 10 min after SI (96.95% vs 75.0%; P = 0.04). Additionally, there was no significant correlation between mean rScO2 and MABP recorded before, during, and after SI.

There were no differences in oxygen saturation measurements (recorded by PO) and rScO2 values (recorded by NIRS) before, during, and immediately after SI. Therefore, using PO in NICUs to assess cerebral oxygenation, autoregulation, and hypoxia appears both reasonable and cost-effective. Further multicenter studies are needed to validate the practical advantages and cost-effectiveness of NIRS as an emerging monitoring system.

Despite a wide variety of clinical presentations in hereditary Mitochondrial Diseases, muscle fatigue is a common theme and impairs a patient’s quality of life and ability to function. Current treatments are only supportive and include nutritional supplementation and physical therapy. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using low-intensity, narrow spectrum light in the red/near infrared (NIR) range, from a low-level laser or light-emitting diode sources, enhances mitochondrial function in preclinical and clinical studies on a range of conditions. However, little research has been done on the effectiveness of photobiomodulation in hereditary mitochondrial disorders.

We performed a scoping review of the evidence of the beneficial effects of photobiomodulation for treating the muscle-related symptoms of hereditary mitochondrial disease.

No studies regarding photobiomodulation in hereditary mitochondrial disease were identified. However, in other clinical conditions featuring acquired mitochondrial impairment, we identified studies that suggested improved function, although sample sizes were small in number and statistical power.

There is emerging evidence of efficacy for PBMT for diseases involving acquired mitochondrial insufficiency. We identified no published research on PBMT in hereditary mitochondrial disease, but this review confirms a theoretical rationale for a positive effect and suggests further research

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also called Photobiomodulation, has gained widespread acceptance as a mainstream modality, particularly in the form of photobiostimulation (PBM). Here in our review, we aim to present the application of LLLT to help with depression, explore potential action mechanisms and pathways, discuss existing limitations, and address the challenges associated with its clinical implementation.

In biological systems, the visible light with a wavelength range of 400–700 nm activates photoreceptors involved in vision and circadian rhythm regulation. The near-infrared (NIR) light with a wavelength range of 800-1100 nm exhibits superior tissue penetration capabilities compared to the visible light, which enables the non-invasive application of LLLT to various tissues.

By enhancing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production using the respiratory chain, LLLT is able to enhance blood flow, reduce inflammation, support repair and healing, and enhance stem cell growth and proliferation. Preclinical studies using animal models have shown promising neuroprotective effects of the LLLT method on central nervous system (CNS) diseases, suggesting potential improvements in brain function for patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, it helps Parkinson’s patients with their movement problems and ameliorates mental disorders in individuals with depression.

patients’ quality of life can be significantly enhanced. A comprehensive understanding of the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of LLLT will facilitate its therapeutic application in the future.

Dementia involves a neuronal loss in the primary somatosensory cortex of the parietal lobe, causing dementia patients to perceive pain stimuli hardly. The function of temperature sensation declines. Studies measuring brain blood volume using near-infrared light have reported that patients suffering from dementia have less activation than healthy elderly people. However, the majority of these studies used tests related to cognitive function and the frontal lobe, and few have examined thermal sensation.
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cold and warm stimulation on cerebral blood volume in elderly and young subjects.
This observational study measured changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the frontal cortex during cold and warm stimulation in elderly and young subjects using a near-infrared light device. The mean and standard deviation of the change in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration before and after cold and warm stimulation, as well as the center-of-gravity values, were compared between the young and the elderly.
During warm stimulation, the younger subjects showed an increase in blood oxygenated hemoglobin levels; however, the difference was not significant. For the elderly, no change was observed during the task. The center of gravity values was lower in the young compared to the elderly which was similar to the reaction threshold. No significant changes were observed during cold stimulation. 
Thermal sensation thresholds were impaired in the elderly compared to the young; however, cerebral blood volume changes were unclear.

The manufacturing of frozen shrimp is an important industry for the economy of Thailand. The objective of this study was to use Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to determine the freshness quality, including Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N) and Water Holding Capacity (WHC) of white shrimp (whole and chopped shrimp) and phosphate residues of shrimp.

Sixty white shrimp samples of a size of 70-80 shrimp/kg were stored at 4 ˚C. The sample was divided into two groups by soaking in two kinds of phosphate solutions, including Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) and Mixed Phosphate (NAN101). The samples were evaluated using NIR which was performed before freezing and seven days after freezing. Calibration models of the freshness and phosphate residues of fresh and frozen shrimp products were built by Partial Least Square (PLS) regression between the spectral data and the reference methods.

Satisfactory PLS results were obtained from the calibration model of TVB-N of chopped shrimp with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.94 and Ratio of Prediction to Deviation (RPD) of 3.07. However, the NIR data indicated an unreliable prediction for the WHC (R<0.5). For the determination of phosphate residuals from STPP and NAN 101, the best calibration results were R>0.94 and RPD>3.00.

The NIR spectroscopy was feasible for monitoring the TVB-N as well as phosphate residues of shrimp products.

fNIRS is a useful tool designed to record the changes in the density of blood’s oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) molecules during brain activity. This method has made it possible to evaluate the hemodynamic changes of the brain during neuronal activity in a completely non-aggressive manner. The present study has been designed to investigate and evaluate the brain cortex activities during imagining of the execution of wrist motor tasks by comparing fMRI and fNIRS imaging methods. This novel observational Optical Imaging study aims to investigate the brain motor cortex activity during imagining of the right wrist motor tasks in vertical and horizontal directions. To perform the study, ten healthy young right-handed volunteers were asked to think about right-hand movements in different directions according to the designed movement patterns. The required data were collected in two wavelengths, including 845 and 763 nanometers using a 48 channeled fNIRS machine. Analysis of the obtained data showed the brain activity patterns during imagining of the execution of a movement are formed in various points of the motor cortex in terms of location. Moreover, depending on the direction of the movement, activity plans have distinguishable patterns. The results showed contralateral M1 was mainly activated during imagining of the motor cortex (p <0.05). The results of our study showed that in brain imaging, it is possible to distinguish between patterns of activities during wrist motion in different directions using the recorded signals obtained through near-infrared Spectroscopy. The findings of this study can be useful in further studies related to movement control and BCI.

Currently, the most available treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA). A challenge in r-TPA therapy is the prediction of recovery in each case.

The aim was to find a possible relationship between the cerebral oximetry indexes and the clinical outcome of r-TPA therapy to assess the cerebral oximetry as a non-invasive monitoring agent for therapy.

The inclusion criteria were all patients with AIS who received r-TPA. The neurologic status was evaluated based on the national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score at arrival, and after a period of 24 hours. In addition, the levels of brain oxygenation in both hemispheres were measured before and continuously over the first 24 hours after r-TPA injection, using an oximetric sensor in the frontal lobes. The clinical success was defined as a 4-point improvement from the baseline NIHSS.

Total 44 patients with the mean age of 58.2 ± 2.18 years were enrolled, of whom 68.18% were male. Twenty-eight patients remained clinically unimproved and 16 patients were improved. A significant difference was found in the mean surface area under the brain oximetric curve in the 24 hour, in the affected hemisphere in the improved group, compared to the unimproved group (P = 0.007). There was a significant difference between the mean increase in brain oxygenation within 24 hours in the improved and unimproved groups (P = 0.002).

It is likely that, The cerebral oximetry could contribute to predict the likelihood of r-TPA prognosis in patients with AIS.

Near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging is a non-ionizing modality that is emerging as a diagnostic/prognostic tool for breast cancer according to NIR differentiation of hemoglobin (Hb)concentration.
The transmission values of LED-sourced light at 625 nm were measured by power meter to evaluate the optical properties of Hb in breast phantom containing major and minor vessels. For the simulation of blood variations in cancerous breast condition, we prepared 2 concentrations of pre-menopausal Hb and 4 concentrations of post-menopausal Hb and, for comparison with normal tissue, one concentration of Hb injected inside the phantom’s vessels. Imaging procedure on the phantom was also conducted by LED source and CCD camera. The images from the experiments were compared with the results obtained from the images analyzed by MATLAB software. Finally, mammography of phantom including various concentration of Hb was prepared.
The transmitting intensities of NIR in blood containing 1, 2 and 4 concentrations of Hb in the major vessels were 52.83 ± 2.85, 43.00 ± 3.11 and 31.17 ± 2.27 μW, respectively, and in minor vessels containing similar Hb concentrations were 73.50 ± 2.43, 60.08 ± 5.09 and 42.42 ± 4.86 μW, respectively. The gray-scale levels on the major vessel were about 96, 124, 162 and on the minor vessel about 72, 100, 130 measured for 1, 2 and 4 Hb concentrations, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of NIR imaging differentiation were 97.4% and 91.3%, respectively.
Significant differences in transmitting intensity, optical imaging as well as software analysis of images were observed for 1, 2 and 4 concentrations of Hb in major and minor breast phantom vessels. Differentiation capability of minor vessels was higher than major vessels for Hb concentrations. Despite a good detection for location of vessels by mammography, it could not show differences between vessels with various concentrations. However, NIR optical imaging demonstrated a good image contrast for showing vessels in terms of concentration. This study recommends NIR optical imaging for prescreening breast cancer due to its potential for early diagnosis.

Multi-walled Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNTs) as an important element of nanosciences have a remarkable absorption in the region of NIR window (650-900 nm) which can overcome the limitations of deep treatment in photothermal therapy. To disperse MWCNTs in water, it is proposed to attach carboxylated functional group (-COOH) to MWCNTs in order to increase dispersivity in water.
A stable suspension of MWCNTs-COOH with different concentrations (from 2.5 to 500 μg/ml) was prepared. Then, they were compared for their ability to increase temperature in the presence of 810 nm laser irradiation and through a wide range of radiation time (from 20 to 600 s) and three laser powers (1.5, 2 and 2.5 w). The temperature rise was recorded real time every 20 seconds by a precise thermometer.
Absorption spectrum of MWCNTs-COOH suspension was remarkably higher than water in a wavelength range of 200 to 1100 nm. For example, using the concentrations of 2.5 and 80 μg/ml of MWCNTs-COOH suspension caused a temperature elevation 2.35 and 9.23 times compared to water, respectively, upon 10 min laser irradiation and 2.5 w. Moreover, this predominance can be observed for 1.5 and 2 w radiation powers, too. Our findings show that the maximum of temperature increase was obtained at 80 μg/ml concentration of MWCNT-COOH suspension for three powers and through all periods of exposure time. Our results show that the minimum required parameters for a 5°C temperature increase (a 5°C temperature increase causes cell death) were achieved through 2.5 w, 28 μg/ml concentration and 20 second irradiation time in which both concentration and radiation times were relatively low.
Our results showed that MWCNTs-COOH can be considered as a potent photothermal agent in targeted therapies. New strategies must be developed to minimize the concentration, irradiation time and radiation power used in experiments.

The present study offers a new method based on CdSe quantum dots (QDs) for simultaneous separation and determination of trace levels of heparin (Hep) in human serum samples. In this technique, CdSe QDs perform two different functions in Hep analysis process. Mercaptoacetic acid-capped red CdSe QDs (λex=690 nm) are conjugated to Hep and the Hep-QD conjugation is then used as an extraction tool from microencapsulation of real samples. For quick release of the analyte from conjugation, the microcapsules are irradiated using an intensive near infrared wavelength as the controllable releasing agent. The L-cysteine-capped green CdSe QDs (λex=480 nm) play the additional role of Hep spectrofluorimetric detection. By labeling the appropriate chromophore, the extracted Hep can effectively quench green CdSe QD fluorescence which is quenched relative to Hep concentration. In comparison with other available methods, the newly-developed assay has a low detection limit (0.3 nmol L-1), wide linear range (1 to 8500 nmol L-1), good accuracy and high selectivity, that make it a good candidate for Hep separation and monitoring of complex physiological samples.

For stem cell therapy of degenerative diseases, it is necessary to differentiate stem cells into the specific lineage. There are several growth factors which have been used for differentiation of stem cells. Some growth factors can dose-dependently induce differentiation of stem cells so that the increase of growth factor concentration results in production of the higher level of differentiated cells. However, due to the toxicity of some differentiation factors (e.g. retinoic acid), the lower dose of growth factors for the specific lineage differentiation of stem cells is desirable. This paper suggests a new approach in the field of controlled growth factor delivery system using semiconductor nanocrystals; known as quantum dots (QDs). This system contains polymeric microencapsulated growth factor which is conjugated to near infrared (NIR) absorbing QDs. The control release of growth factors from microcapsules in the culture plates can be achieved by irradiation. To modulate growth factor release in response to stem cells needs for differentiation, the intensity and period of irradiation will be controlled. Our hypothesis is based on the fact that QDs can absorb NIR energy and by excitation of electrons and then vibrational relaxation of them become heated when they were irradiated and then release growth factors. We believe that controlled growth factors delivery through the suggested system is an effective method to reduce the amount of growth factors required for differentiation of stem cells.