جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « nisin » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

A promising strategy in cancer therapy involves the production of fusion proteins, which entail the fusion of two distinct proteins. This study aimed to produce and assess the cytotoxic effects of the Nisin-arginine deiminase (ADI) fusion protein on the SW480 cell lines, a common model for studying colorectal cancer (CRC).

The designed Nisin-ADI gene fragment sequence was sent to Biomatik Company for synthesis in pET-28a vectors between SacI and HindIII restriction enzyme sites. Escherichia coli (E. coli) DH5α and BL21 were utilized for cloning and protein expression, respectively. The recombinant fusion protein expression was induced by Isopropyl ß-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and purified using Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid (1) resin affinity chromatography. Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting were conducted to analyze the purified protein. The cytotoxic effect of the purified recombinant fusion protein on SW480 and NIH3T3 cells, as a control, was evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

The results of this study showed that the fusion protein had a significant impact on the SW480 cell lines. The Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the fusion protein was 30 µg/mL, indicating that it effectively inhibited the growth of cancer cells. However, the fusion protein did not significantly affect the control group.

This study provides helpful insights into the potential application of recombinant Nisin-ADI fusion proteins as a potential treatment option for colorectal cancer. The potential for selective targeting of cancer cells is promising as normal cells are unaffected by this fusion protein.

 The spread of nosocomial infections may be caused by contact between the patient’s body and textile materials used in medical practices. Therefore, it is necessary to use effective antimicrobial textiles to prevent the transmission of pathogenic bacteria and the occurrence of infections.

 In this research, chitosan was utilized to bind nisin to the surface of cotton fabric. The binding properties of nisin on the fabric were explored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The antibacterial effectiveness of fabrics against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis was measured. The durability of the antimicrobial properties of these fabrics was checked after 10 washing cycles. Additionally, the toxicity of this fabric on fibroblast cells was determined using the MTT colorimetry after 7 days.

 Chitosan-nisin formed a homogeneous and colorless layer on the cotton fabric. Antibacterial results showed that nisin improved the antibacterial effect of coated fabrics against all tested bacteria. The antimicrobial properties of the fabric coated with chitosan-nisin were maintained at approximately 100%, 17.26%, 8.55%, 2.98%, 1.38%, and 17.4% efficacy against B. cereus, S. aureus, E. faecalis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Furthermore, the chitosan-nisin coating demonstrated no significant toxic effect on fibroblast cells even after 1 week.

 The results suggest that the chitosan-nisin coating could be utilized in the production of medical textiles and underwear. Moreover, it offers an innovative solution to protect human health and the environment.

The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil extracted from Ziziphora clinopodioide (ZCEO) in vitro. Furthermore, the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan nanoemulsion coating containing ZCEO and nisin in inhibiting the growth of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on chicken breast fillets that were inoculated and vacuum-packaged, and stored at a temperature of 4±1 °C for 16 days.

The chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of ZCEO were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and microdilution method, respectively. The chicken breast fillet samples were divided into seven groups, namely, the control group (uncoated) without vacuum, control group with vacuum, chitosan nanoemulsion without vacuum, chitosan nanoemulsion with vacuum, chitosan nanoemulsion with 0.5% ZCEO and vacuum, chitosan nanoemulsion with nisin and vacuum, and chitosan nanoemulsion with 0.5% ZCEO, nisin, and vacuum. All the samples were stored in a refrigerator, and the population of L. monocytogenes was enumerated on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16.

the chemical analysis of ZCEO revealed that carvacrol, thymol, and p-cymene were the three main compounds present in the oil. Application of chitosan nanoemulsion coatings, specifically chitosan nanoemulsion + ZCEO 0.5% + vacuum and chitosan nanoemulsion + nisin + vacuum, resulted in a significant reduction in the growth rate of L. monocytogenes in chicken breast fillet samples during storage. In addition, the chitosan nanoemulsion coating containing the combined ZCEO and nisin was found to be more effective in reducing the growth of L. monocytogenes during the storage period.

Based on the results of this study, chitosan nanoemulsion + ZCEO 0.5% + nisin + vacuum coating can be used to reduce the risks that might be associated with L. monocytogenes in chicken breast fillets.

In the present study, the anti-biofilm activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Nisin was investigated on biofilm-forming abilities of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains and the expression of the biofilm-associated genes.

In this study, the standard strain of L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and Nisin were used to assess their anti-microbial and anti-biofilm effects on S. epidermidis (RP62A).

The MIC and MBC analysis showed that Nisin at 256 μg/mL and 512 μg/mL, and L. rhamnosus GG at 1×107 CFU/mL and 1×108 CFU/mL have anti-microbial activity compared to the negative control respectively. L. rhamnosus GG bacteria and Nisin inhibited the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis based on optical density of at 570 nm (P <0.001). The relative mRNA expression of aap, icaA, and icaD genes was significantly reduced compared to the negative control after treating S. epidermidis with sub-MIC of Nisin (0.44, 0.25 and 0.6 fold, respectively) (P>0.05). In addition, the relative expression of aap and icaA genes, but not icaD (P>0.05), was significantly lower than the negative control (0.62 and 0.7 fold, respectively) (P>0.05), after exposure to the sub MIC of L. rhamnosus GG.

Nisin and L. rhamnosus GG exhibit potent activity against biofilm-forming abilities of S. epidermidis and these agents could be utilized as an anti-biofilm agents against S. epidermidis infections.

 Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus and Lactococcus species and has antimicrobial activity against other bacteria. Nisin omits the need to use chemical preservatives in food due to its biological preserving properties.

 In the present in vitro study, we investigated nisin interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) using fluorescence spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis to obtain information about the mechanisms of BSA complex formation with nisin.

 The BSA fluorescence intensity values gradually diminished with rising nisin concentration. The BSA fluorescence quenching analysis indicated that a combined quenching mechanism plays the main role. Finally, the Kb values were reduced with increasing temperature, which is demonstrative of nisin-BSA complex stability decrease at high temperatures. The negative values of ΔH° and ΔS° showed that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces are the foremost binding force between BSA and nisin. Meanwhile, the negative values of ΔG° demonstrated the exothermic and random nature of the reaction process. The results of the SPR verified the gained results through the fluorescence spectroscopy investigation, which denoted that the BSA affinity to nisin diminished upon increasing temperature.

 Overall, fluorescence spectroscopy and SPR results showed that the BSA interaction with nisin decreased with rising temperatures.

Few studies have considered potential benefits of probiotic bacteria and their derivatives on human and animal health. Nisin is an antimicrobial agent that is produced by lactobacilli and served as a preservative in foods. This study aims to investigate whether nisin suppresses or decreases the genes involved in the pathogenicity of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA).

MSSA and MRSA strains were cultured at the ¼, ½, and 1 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nisin. Next, RNA extraction was performed at the mid-exponential stage of growth, and cDNA was synthesized. The expression of virulence factors was measured by qPCR, and the data were analyzed by the ΔΔCt formula.

Depending on the incubation times and the Lactobacillus species, the MIC of nisin on MRSA and MSSA observed in 800 and 1600 mg/l, respectively. The qPCR assay showed the expression level of the sea, agrA, and spa genes decreased and the level of the sae gene increased at the sub-MIC of nisin, and no antagonism was observed. Concerning MRSA, the maximum downregulation rate was observed in the sea gene (up to 5.9 folds) while in MSSA, the maximum downregulation rate was noticed in the agrA gene (up to 10 folds).

Due to the high inhibitory effect of the sub-MIC of nisin on the expression of virulence factor genes in MRSA and MSSA, this compound could potentially reduce the virulence of S. aureus.

 This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoliposomes containing crocin and nisin in milk samples as a food model. Therefore, three formulations were prepared and compared, including (1) milk samples containing free nisin and crocin, (2) samples with nanoliposomes containing nisin and crocin, and (3) nisin and crocin-loaded nanoliposomes coated with chitosan.

 In order to find the optimum amount of both bioactives within nanoliposomes, analyses of size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency were accomplished. Then, the best formulated nanoliposome was evaluated and compared with a solution containing free bioactives and nanoliposomes coated with chitosan using other experiments, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities, viscosity, colorimetric and bacterial growth.

 The best nanoliposomal system based on the factors of size, PDI, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency was related for the nanocarrier with 4 mg crocin, 4.5 mg nisin, and 40 mg lecithin. Based on the results obtained, both nanoliposome (a*=5.41) and chitosancoated nanoliposome (a*=5.09) solutions could significantly (P<0.05) reduce the redness of milk induced by free bioactives (a*=12.32). However, viscosity of milk in chitosan-coated nanoliposome solution was found to be higher (3.42 cP) than other formulations (viscosity of samples with free bioactives was 1.65 cP and viscosity of samples containing nanoliposome was 1.71 cP). In addition, chitosan-coated nanoliposomes could inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes stronger than other samples.

 Encapsulation of nisin and crocin in nanoliposomes showed promising results for preserving food safety and quality.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Nisin consists of various and uncommon amino acids as an antimicrobial protein synthesized by the Lactobacilli genus. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of Nisin, an antibacterial peptide, on different human cancer cell lines. We searched PubMed/Medline and Embase databases to detect the studies addressing the cytotoxic activity of Nisin on human cancer cell lines. Our study was conducted following the "PRISMA" guideline. Of 202 potentially relevant articles, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for further analysis. The results revealed that Nisin has different levels of anticancer activity on human cancer cell lines. The outcomes of our review indicate that some cancer cell lines, such as cell skin carcinoma (A431), Melanoma cells (A375), and colorectal cancer cell lines (LS180), are strongly affected by the anticancer properties of Nisin. In contrast, the anticancer effect of Nisin on others like Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL60) is lower. Nisin shows significant anticancer effects in different cancer cell lines. Utilizing Nisin simultaneously with other antitumor agents can enhance its anticancer features and efficacy. Further studies, especially in vivo assay and clinical trials, are recommended to achieve more accurate results in this field.

Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in a wide range of biological applications, including their use as antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of green synthesis AgNPs using nisin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).

In order to synthesize Ag‑nisin, a 1 mg/ml nisin solution was mixed with a 1‑mM silver nitrate solution and incubated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was employed to determine the presence of various biomolecules around AgNPs. The AgNPs were morphologically observed and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy assessment, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis. The microdilution broth method based on CLSI principles was used for the assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of nisin on P. aeruginosa isolates.

Field emission scanning electron microscope showed spherical shaped nanoparticles. DLS revealed that the average size of nanoparticles was 37.2 nm. The zeta potential of AgNPs was − 13.3 mV. FTIR findings revealed that nitrogen atoms of nisin’s amine and amide groups are responsible for the capping and stability of the nanoparticles. The MIC and MBC showed that Ag/nisin nanoparticles had higher antimicrobial activity than nisin or AgNPs alone.

The findings of this study show that the antibacterial activity of nisin can be increased by assembling it into the AgNP interface using a green chemical synthesis method. As a result, the technique may be used to develop an antibacterial formulation to enhance the effectiveness of nisin.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major health problem worldwide especially in Egypt. It accounts for the fifth common cancer and the second cause of death among different cancers. This study investigated the efficacy and molecular mechanism of Nisin and/or Thioridazine as anticancer treatment on human liver cancer HepG2 cell line.

Nisin and Thioridazine were applied for 24 h on human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done to assess the cytotoxicity of Nisin and Thioridazine. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used for the assessment of PI3K, AKT, SIRT-1, and NRF2 expression in the treated cell line. The protein level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured in the collected media by ELISA technique. Western blot analysis was done for, tAKT, pAKT, tPI3K, and pPI3K.

Cell proliferation results showed that compared with the untreated cancer, Nisin and/or Thioridazine treated groups had decreased cell proliferation (p value< 0.0001). Nisin and/or Thioridazine decreased PI3K/AKT mRNA and protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). Also Nisin and/or Thioridazine decreased anti-oxidative SIRT1/NRF2 mRNA expression. ROS level highly increased with Nisin and/or Thioridazine treatment in contrast to VEGF protein level which was highly decreased.

These results introduce Nisin and Thioridazine as new therapeutic lines in HCC.

There are number of reports available regarding defensins activity against mammalian cells besides their antimicrobial and immune regulatory activities. This study aims to investigate anticancer and apoptosis activity of the purified defensins from leukodepletion filters alone or in synergism with bacterial peptide, nisin, on prostate and colorectal cancer.

Leucoflex LCR-5 filters were backflushed by an optimized elution system. Isolated granulocytes were sonicated and the supernatant treated before further purification by HPLC. SDS-PAGE and western blot testing verified the fraction. Cell culture on PC-3 (human prostate adenocarcinoma), and HCT-116 (human colorectal carcinoma) were conducted following by MTT assays in addition to annexin flow cytometry for sole and synergistic effects with peptide nisin.

Viable and active neutrophils could recover, and α-defensins were extracted and purified. Combinations of an optimal dose of α-defensins and nisin showed a remarkable synergistic effect on cancer cell lines (over 90% and 70% for PC-3 and HCT-116, respectively).

It also observed that less than 40% of both cells could survive after co-treatment with optimal dose. Also, apoptosis was increased after treatment by these peptides together. Annexin Vpositive populations significantly increased in percentage in comparison with control.

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas comprise the most common hematological cancers worldwide and consist of a heterogenous group of malignancies affecting the lymphoid system. Treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma has been significantly enhanced with the addition of Rituximab to the standard chemotherapy regimen. However, even with the advancement of treatment patients continue to relapse and develop resistance to Rituximab, rendering subsequent treatments unsuccessful. The use of novel drugs with unique antitumor mechanisms has gained considerable attention. In this study, we explored the in vitro anti-cancer effects of the combined therapy of Rituximab and Nisin on human Burkitt’s lymphoma cells.

The human Burkitt’s lymphoma cells lines, Raji and Daudi, were treated with Nisin, Rituximab, or a combination of the two agents at various concentrations. Cytotoxicity following treatment was determined using cell viability assay. The degree of apoptosis was verified via flow cytometric analysis using FITC annexin V/PI staining.

Our findings show that the combined treatment of Rituximab and Nisin results in a more significant reduction in the survival of Raji and Daudi Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, compared to Nisin or Rituximab treatment alone. Additionally, our results indicate that Nisin can induce a significant degree of apoptosis in the Burkitt’s lymphoma cells compared to the negative controls. However, the addition of Nisin to the Rituximab treatment synergistically enhances the apoptotic antitumor effect.

This study demonstrates the synergistic antitumor effect of Nisin treatment in vitro to enhance tumor cell apoptosis and the potential value of Nisin as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of lymphoma.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most types of cancer. Researchers have shown that lactic acid bacteria have antitumor activity. The cell wall of Lactococcus lactis, as the bacterial cytoplasmic extract and nisin can affect the proliferation of cancer cells. Since cyclin D1 plays an important role in the progression of the cell cycle, its regulation can also be a therapeutic approach. We investigated the antiproliferative effect of cell wall, cytoplasmic extract and nisin on SW480 cancer cell line and the expression level of cyclin D1 gene in treated cancer cells.

SW480 cell lines were treated with different concentrations of bacterial cell wall, cytoplasmic extract and nisin. MTT test was also performed. The expression level of cyclin D1 gene was determined using Real time PCR. Data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism software.

The growth rate of cancer cells treated with nisin has significantly decreased compared to the cancer cells treated by other two substances (p< 0.05). Survival rates of the cancer cells treated by nisin at a concentration of 2000 μg, cytoplasmic extract, and cell wall were 34%, 47% and 49%, respectively. Real-time PCR results showed that cyclin D1 mRNA expression has significantly decreased in nisin treated sw480 cells (P<0.05).

The results of this study show that nisin, bacterial cytoplasmic extract, and bacterial cell wall have antiproliferative effects, which are associated with the decreased expression of cyclin D1 in SW480 cell line.

Considering the high fatality of botulism, the control of Clostridium botulinum and its neurotoxins has clinical importance. In this regard, using chemical preservatives, natural essential oils (Eos), and changes in the growth predisposing factors of bacteria are suitable methods to control the growth and toxin producing of C. botulinum in foods.

The current survey was done to assess the effects of Citrus sinensis EO and intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the growth and toxin producing of C. botulinum type A.

In this experiment with a factorial design, C. sinensis EO (0.0%, 0.015%, 0.03%, and 0.045%), nisin (0, 500, and 1500 IU/mL), nitrite (0, 20, and 60 ppm), pH (5.5 and 6.5), storage temperature (25 and 35°C), and sodium chloride (NaCl, 0.5% and 3%) were used to assess bacterial growth in the brain heart infusion medium. Finally, the mouse bioassay method was also used to assess toxicity.

Clostridium sinensis EO with a concentration of 0.045%, as well as the reduction of pH and temperature could significantly delay the growth of bacteria (P ≤ 0.05) in contrast to the use of NaCl and nisin alone. However, all concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), nisin, and C. sinensis EO (< 0.045%) in interaction with each other, especially in combination with nitrite, showed good synergistic effects.

These results suggested that using certain concentrations of C. sinensis EO and nisin, along with other suboptimal factors caused a significant decrease in the nitrite contents of foods with a significant reduction in the growth and toxin-producing ability of C. botulinum.

Nisin is a potent bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and anti bacterial peptide. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered as one of the most prevalent and mortal cancers throughout the world. Genetic variations and environmental factors are responsible for initiation and development of cancer. Regulation of the apoptosis process plays an important role in the development of crc. bax, bcl2, caspase 3, 6, 8 and 9 genes are involved in induction of apoptosis.

The present study describes cytotoxic effects of nisin and bax, bcl2, caspase 3, 6, 8 and 9 gene expression levels in SW480 cells incubated with nisin at different doses and different incubation times.

The SW480 cells were treated with concentrations of nisin at different doses and different incubation times. The cytotoxic effects of nisin were studied using MTT assay. Expression levels of bax, bcl2, caspase 3, 6, 8 and 9 genes were determined by real-time PCR technique.

Our results showed that treatment with 800,1000,1200 and 1500 µg/mL nisin after 24 hour incubation at 37°C significantly reduced cell viability (P < 0.05). In the in vitro experiment, the mRNA expression level of bax, bax/bcl2 ratios, caspase 3 and caspase 9 were significantly increased (P < 0.05). In contrast, the mRNA expression level of caspases 6, 8 didn’t show any significant increase after 24 h and 48 h incubation (P > 0.05).

Our results confirm that nisin induces mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by up regulation of caspase genes expressions. The results of this study contribute to the use of nisin as a suggested therapeutic factor to reduce the progression of colon cancer.

Nisin is a potent bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and anti bacterial peptide. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered as one of the most prevalent and mortal cancers throughout the world. Genetic variations and environmental factors are responsible for initiation and development of cancer. Regulation of the apoptosis process plays an important role in the development of crc. bax, bcl2, caspase 3, 6, 8 and 9 genes are involved in induction of apoptosis.

The present study describes cytotoxic effects of nisin and bax, bcl2, caspase 3, 6, 8 and 9 gene expression levels in SW480 cells incubated with nisin at different doses and different incubation times.

The SW480 cells were treated with concentrations of nisin at different doses and different incubation times. The cytotoxic effects of nisin were studied using MTT assay. Expression levels of bax, bcl2, caspase 3, 6, 8 and 9 genes were determined by real-time PCR technique.

Our results showed that treatment with 800,1000,1200 and 1500 μg/mL nisin after 24 hour incubation at 37°C significantly reduced cell viability (P < 0.05). In the in vitro experiment, the mRNA expression level of bax, bax/bcl2 ratios, caspase 3 and caspase 9 were significantly increased (P < 0.05). In contrast, the mRNA expression level of caspases 6, 8 didn’t show any significant increase after 24 h and 48 h incubation (P > 0.05).

Our results confirm that nisin induces mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by up regulation of caspase genes expressions. The results of this study contribute to the use of nisin as a suggested therapeutic factor to reduce the progression of colon cancer

One of the most important health challenges is to deal with infectious diseases due to their high prevalence. Since resistance of pathogens to antimicrobial compounds is rising, more studies are performed to develop new antimicrobial agents. Herbs are one of the best sources to achieve the goal.

The current study aimed at examining the possible antibacterial activity of the barberry root and fennel seed extracts individually and in combination with sodium diacetate and nisin against Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Extract of the barberry root and fennel seed were prepared by soaking in ethanol 80% and analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was detected by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods in triplicate.

Nisin showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 followed by the extracts of barberry root and fennel seed, and sodium diacetate. The data were consistent with the results of the disk diffusion test. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between antibacterial activity of nisin and sodium diacetate individually, and in combination with the extracts.

The results of the current study showed that the inhibitory effects of sodium diacetate and nisin combined with barberry root and fennel seed extracts were higher compared to their individual effects; it leads to the application of lower amounts of sodium diacetate and nisin in combination with herbal extracts and highly prevents their individual side effects such as toxicity and organoleptic changes.

 Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is the causative agent of several invasive and non-invasive diseases. Several virulence factors contribute to the pathogenesis of GAS, such as M protein, hemolysins, and extracellular enzymes. Due to the improper use of antibiotics, the resistance of these microorganisms to antibiotics is increasing. Bacteriocins as an alternative to antibiotics are of great importance. In this study, the effect of antimicrobial Bacteriocin nisin was investigated on the expression of smeZ gene.

Samples were taken from the site of infection on the skin surface of the patients at the dermatology clinics of Tehran public hospitals. The specimen was immediately transferred to the primary culture medium or basal medium. Chromosomal DNA extraction was performed using the standard method for the extraction of Streptococcus pyogenes genomes. Multiplex PCR was performed to identify the presence of smeZ, speI, and speH genes in the isolates. The expression of smeZ gene was evaluated using the real-time PCR technique.

 The frequencies of smeZ, speI, and speH genes in 12 S. pyogenes isolates were 25, 8.3, and 8.3%, respectively. The fold change rate for smeZ gene was -1.209, indicating that this gene was decreased 1.209 folds in the treated group compared to the untreated group.

 Bacteriocin not only reduces the number of pathogens but may also affect the metabolism of the bacteria by producing toxins. The use of new antimicrobial agents in place of previous drugs for psoriasis patients could be considered as a way to treat the disease more effectively in the future.