جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « non- carcinogenic risk » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Background & Aims of the Study:

 Heavy metal pollution has become a global problem, and their entry into the food chain is considered a threat to humans and other organisms. This study aimed to assess the risk of metals (chromium, nickel, arsenic, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead) in edible barley grains grown in Khuzestan Province, Iran, in 2019.

In this analytical study, five farms of edible barley grains were selected. Then, four stations were selected in each farm. After sampling, barley seeds were prepared by acid digestion method and read by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. The amount of metal contamination in the grains was estimated by the crop pollution index based on the classification of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Hazard Index (HI), and the risk of carcinogenic risk in children and adults.

The highest amounts of heavy metals in barley grains belonged to zinc and the lowest to chromium. According to the USEPA classification, the potential non-carcinogenic risk for children was higher than for adults, and the HI in all study areas was at level 3 for adults and children and level 4 in some stations for children. In the case of barley samples, the average carcinogenic risk for arsenic was 2 per 10000 people for adults and 4 per 10000 for children, and cadmium was 1 per 10000 people for adults and 2 per 10000 for children in the population of the province. These figures were estimated to be at a safe level.

Barley is one of the foods of the people of the region. The use of its contaminated amounts due to the biological accumulation of heavy metals can create health risks for its consumers in the long run.

Vegetables as one of the most important sources of nitrate, have positive and negative effects on human health. The goal of this paper was to estimate the nitrate concentration in vegetables production in Pol-e Dokhtar County as one of the main centers of Iranian vegetable production and the possible health risks correlated with high concentration of nitrate in theses crops. Using United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method, the risk was evaluated and presented as risk diagrams. Additionally, type, amount and method of fertilization in farms with different concentrations of nitrate in vegetables were presented. Almost, all results were within the range of nitrate concentrations in vegetables. Lettuce and Persian leek (716.200 and 378.500 mg NO3 − kg−1 FW, respectively) were the most and least predominant contributors in total NO3 – uptake, respectively. The risk diagrams showed that all values were lower than the acceptable levels for each of vegetables. Furthermore, in most age groups, this index was greater in women than in men. According to the information in the questionnaires, perhaps one of the most important factors in reducing the nitrate accumulation in the vegetables of Pol-e Dokhtar is due to optimal and timely use of fertilizer. Use of nitrogen fertilizers in form of split in 73% of fields decreased the nitrate concentration in plants with no reduction in yield. Therefore, considering crop yields and nitrate accumulation impacts, improved nitrogen management could provide an opportunity to promote production of vegetables and reducing the effects of negative health in high-risk regions in Lorestan Province.

Entrance of heavy metals into the respiratory system has adverse effects on human health. Accordingly, measuring metals concentration in places and times is necessary. This study was done to evaluate the non-carcinogenic risk of Pb, Cd, and As in air suspended particles of Baharestan city, in Isfahan, during 2016 - 2017. In order to evaluate the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in air suspended particles (PM10), sampling was performed using a SKC pump with a low volume (1.5 L/min) and 37 mm membrane filter. Sampling was carried out on average every three days during 24-hours in May - June, July - August, October - November, and January - February; finally, the concentration of Pb, Cd, and As was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS), respectively. The acute and chronic non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals sorption in the air was evaluated using the EPA method. The highest and lowest Pb concentration belonged to May - June and October - November, with the mean concentration of 0.25 and 0.14 mg/kg, respectively. For Cd it was 0.017 and 0.009 mg/kg, respectively. Similar results were found for the air suspended particles. The highest and lowest Cd non-carcinogenic risk was observed for permanent residents of Baharestan city and the non-dormitory students of this city with the mean of 3.1 × 10-5 and 1.4 × 10-5, respectively. The results of this study showed that the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals was lower than the standard level during the study years. However, heavy metal accumulation can threaten human health, which needs more consideration.

Household dust is known as an important source of toxic heavy metals for all age groups particularly for children and this problem is a major concern around the world. This study was designed to assess the non-carcinogenic risk of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in indoor dust collected from 20 private residences in the city of Khorramabad, west of Iran, during year 2017. In this study, a total of 80 household dust specimens were collected using a brush and plastic spatula. After dust samples were naturally air-dried and sieved through a nylon mesh and then acid digested, the element contents were measured using inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. Also, the non-carcinogenic risk was calculated based on the models developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The results showed that the maximum concentrations of elements in dust samples were 17.72 mg/kg for Cd, 22.55 mg/kg for Cr, 101.65 mg/kg for Pb, and 89.47 mg/kg for Ni. Also, based on the results, ingestion (oral) of dust particles was the main exposure pathway to elements. On the other hand, the non-carcinogenic risk levels of all analyzed metals were lower than the allowable limit. Due to adverse effects of toxic heavy metals on human health, it is recommended to pay special attention to other toxic elements of household dust that citizens have long-term exposure to.