جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « oral squamous cell carcinoma » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Dear SirOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer involving the oral and maxillofacial area [1]. OSCC is reported to exert the worst quality of life among the patients suffering from head and neck cancers [2]. Moreover, the rate of survival in these cases and the prognosis of OSCC are the concerning issues among the oncologists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons [3]. The current proposed treatment options can be a combination of surgical removal, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy [4-5]. Despite the success of the mentioned treatment protocols employed in these cases, many patients still suffer from low quality of life and short-time survival rate after the surgeries in resistant and metastatic cases [2, 6-7]. These shortcomings have motivated scientists to look for novel treatment options to alleviate the symptoms and improve the patients’ quality of life, especially in resistant and recurrent cases [7].One of the noticeable parts of OSCC leading to its development, metastasis, chemo-resistance, and survival is the cancer stem cells (CSCs) at the core of the tumor [8-9]. CSCs are highly potent cells resembling other stem cells in terms of self-renewal, producing heterogeneous and differentiated cells [10]. These CSCs have been shown to have an exceptionally high potential for survival and proliferation in hypoxic conditions and under high doses of medications [11]. The study of these CSCs can provide valuable insights into the prognosis and chemoresistance potential of OSCC [12].Due to the high potency of CSCs and their critical role in the development of cancers, especially OSCC, few treatment options are suggested to minimize the activity and survival of CSCs [10, 13]. In this regard, targeting the CSCs surface markers, signaling pathways, miRNA-based treatments, and immunotherapy are the proposed strategies to deal with CSCs [10]. Among the mentioned treatment options, the application of antibiotics can be a possible option due to their advantage of availability, low-cost, and their extensively studied mechanisms of action [14]. Concurrently, the antibiotics that target the mitochondria are shown to be a viable option. In the study by Lamb et al. [14], it was demonstrated that erythromycins, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, an antifungal drug, and chloramphenicol are the groups of antibiotics which have been proven to be effective in this regard. Among these groups, azithromycin, doxycycline, tigecycline, pyrvinium pamoate, and chloramphenicol were verified to be the proof-of-concept examples [14]. Concerning the mechanism of action, it is demonstrated that erythromycin and chloramphenicol target 39S large mitochondrial ribosome, tetracycline and glycylcyclines target 28S small mitochondrial ribosome, and pyrvinium pamoate targets the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system [14]. In general, the application of these types of antibiotics results in inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis or oxidative phosphorylation system [14].The emergence of resistant cases is due to the genetic variations of the cancer genotype to optimally adjust to the new environment [15]. Therefore, the approach of phenotypic targeting (instead of genotypic) of cancer stem cells would be a novel solution in resistant cases with OSCC. The logic behind this approach arises from the fact that all the genetic changes making the tumor resistant against various treatments are ascribed to the presence of CSCs [14]. Therefore, targeting the CSCs would probably provide a novel treatment option for OSCC. Furthermore, this concept can be likely employed, as a preventive approach in avoiding the possible metastasis or recurrence in OSCC.Application of mitochondria-targeting antibiotics in patients suffering from OSCC may provide a possible innovative option in minimizing the activity of CSCs in OSCC tumors, which would finally result in prevention of further metastasis, tumor recurrence, genetic-based tumor resistance, and tumor development. Further studies in in vitro and in vivo settings are encouraged to evaluate the prospect of this hypothesis.

This study aimed to determine the incidence of microRNA (miRNA; miR-1290) in the serum of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients compared to a control group using the qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

Blood serum samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with OSCC and confirmed through biopsy. The samples were collected from patients referred to the Mashhad Dental Faculty and Ghaem Hospital. The OSCC group consisted of 17 patients, while the healthy group included 15 individuals. RNA was extracted from the patient samples, and samples with an A260/280 ratio between 1.8 and 2.0 (indicating acceptable RNA quality) were immediately converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) using albumin and cDNA reference genes. The SYBR green real-time reverse transcriptase PCR method was used to measure the presence of miR-1290 in the blood samples.

A total of 32 patients were examined in this study, including 17 women (53.1%) and 15 men (46.9%). The mean age was 46.7 years in the healthy group and 54.6 years in the SCC group, indicating a significant difference (P<0.05). The expression level of the miR-1290 gene was higher in patients with SCC compared to the healthy group (P=0.000). While the expression level of miR-1290 was higher in grade 3 and advanced stage than in grades 2 and 1 and early stage, the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.173 and P=0.564 for grade and stage, respectively).

The expression level of miR-1290 may increase in SCC patients compared to healthy individuals, making it a potential circulating biomarker.  Further investigations for diagnostic utility would be warranted.

OSCC (Oral squamous cell carcinoma) accounts for approximately 90% of all oral malignancies and is usually diagnosed at advanced stages. This study investigates changes in miR-125 and miR-30 expression in relation to the clinical findings of oral cavity cancer and their possible use as an early diagnostic tool.

A population of 30 individuals with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 30 healthy individuals was studied, and the mean age of two groups were compared using a t-test, with no significant difference found in terms of age so age will not be an interfering factor in this study. The levels of these two biomarkers (miR-125 and miR-30) were measured and evaluated using real-time PCR technique.

After evaluating the results of real-time PCR technique, it was found that miR-125 was positive in 25 out of 30 patients, while it was positive in 5 out of 30 healthy individuals (p-value≤ 0.001). miR-30 was a positive biomarker in 10 out of 30 patients. The amount of this biomarker in the group of healthy individuals was 26 out of 30 (p-value<0.001).

The miR-125 profile is upregulated in the saliva of OSCC cases, whereas the miR- 30 profile is downregulated in the aforementioned patients compared with the healthy group. Therefore, measurement of miR-125 and miR-30 may be a protentional diagnostic test to identify OSCC. We suggest more extensive studies with a larger sample size to support this claim.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has numerous physical, psychosocial and financial implications, which significantly affect patients' quality of life. We aimed to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and identify quality of life (QoL) predictors in patients with OSCC.

We included 64 consecutive patients aged 40 to 80 yr treated for OSCC from Jan to Dec 2021. Health-related QoL was evaluated using the 30-item Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and the 35-item Head and Neck Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-H&N35). The demographic questionnaire and clinical parameters were also presented.

The functioning scale in the QLQ-C30 questionnaire with the lowest average score was Global health status. The mean QLQ-C30 summary score (80.92 ± 10.4) was higher than the Global health status score (50.5 ± 22.2). In the QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire, the symptoms with highest scores were weight loss, dry mouth, and social eating. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that Global health status score was associated with education level [β-coefficient = 19.33 (95% CI: 10.7-24.9, P=0.004], alcohol consumption [β-coefficient=10.04 (95% CI: 4.5-14.8), P=0.023] and invasive surgical procedure [β-coefficient=22.75 (95% CI: 15.0-30.5), P=0.002]. The QLQ-C30 summary score was associated with living alone [β-coefficient= -20.05 (95% CI: −29.91-(−10.21), P=0.018], smoking status [β-coefficient=4.35 (95% CI: 1.8-6.91), P=0.043] and alcohol consumption [β-coefficient =4.59 (95% CI: 1.99-7.19), P=0.037].

We found several significant predictors of worse perception of HRQoL among patients with OSCC, which may be useful for specific prevention and treatment in order to achieve better QoL.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most widespread type of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the head and neck region, comprising 90% of all cases of oral cancer. Treatments based on immunological methods, cell therapy, gene therapy, and nanotechnology-based methods have been performed in addition to conventional treatment methods.

This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of polyvinyl alcohol/MgO nanocomposite on human oral cancer cells.

In this study, the structure and size of nanoparticles and nanocomposite were identified using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis after synthesizing PVA/MgO nanocomposite. The anticancer activity of the synthesized nanocomposite was investigated against oral cancer cells of KB type.

SEM analysis confirmed the proper synthesis of PVA/MgO nanocomposite. MTT test showed that the nanocomposite synthesized in the concentration range of 25-200l has maximum anticancer properties against KB cancer cells. In addition, PVA/MgO nanocomposite influenced the apoptosis pathway of KB cancer cells by increasing ROS, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, and increasing the activities of caspases 3 and 7.

Based on the results, the PVA/MgO nanocomposite showed considerable potential as a viable contender for novel anticancer interventions.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the 6th most prevalent cancer worldwide. The global increase in frequency and mortality of oral SCC has been shown. There are few studies about the risk factors for oral SCC in Iran. This study is based on finding a possible relationship between oral SCC and some lifestyle factors in the Iranian population.

This case-control study was conducted at the Iran Cancer Institute in Tehran. The controls were matched to the cases by age and gender and socio-economic status. A number of 204 individuals (102 cases and 102 controls) were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire to obtain data regarding oral hygiene, dietary factors, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and lifestyle risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Results were analyzed by chisquare and Fisher exact test. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

The mean age of cases at diagnosis was 60.03 years and 52.9% were male. The analysis showed that poor oral hygiene, low intake of fruits and vegetables (P<0.001), low intake of dairy (P=0.029), alcohol consumption (P=0.015), cigarette smoking (P=0.002) in years and pack per year of smoking (P<0.001) are independent risk factors for oral SCC.

The study provided strong evidence that poor oral hygiene, poor dietary factors, smoking habits and alcohol consumption play an etiological role for oral SCC in the Iranian population.

Many new studies have been conducted on cellular proteins to use them as prognostic markers or in target therapy through determining the increase or decrease in their expression in the lichen planus and OSCC. LAMP3 protein is one of these proteins which has been recently considered. Thus, considering the unknown etiology of lichen planus, significance of their early diagnosis and treatment and lack of a suitable and final treatment for this disease and oral cancers, and preventing the progression of lichen planus, which can turn into OSCC, we decided to investigate the level of expression of this gene and its effect on the progression, study the connection between these two conditions and the probable factors contributing to their etiopathogenesis.

In this study, ninety-four paraffin blocks tissue samples of patients were obtained together with their demographic documents. LAMP3 expression was measured RT-qPCR method.

The results show that there is not any significant difference between age and sex population of our study. in squamous cell carcinoma the amount of expression of LAMP3 was higher than lichen planus and healthy margin. Average LAMP3 Gene expression in grade III was higher than group grade I & II in which considering significant level of 5%, it is statistically significant.

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the expression of the LAMP3 gene in SCC lesions is higher than in healthy tissue. Hence, LAMP3 gene expression can be used as a diagnostic biomarker.

Surgery and chemotherapy are the most common therapeutic strategies proposed for oral squamous cellcarcinoma (OSCC). However, some of the disadvantages associated with the current methods like unwanted sideeffects and poor drug response lead the scientist to seek for novel modalities and delivery approaches to enhance theefficacy of treatments. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of disulfiram (DSF)-loaded Niosomes on cancerousphenotypes of the OSCC cells. In this experimental study, an optimum formulation of DSF-loaded Niosomes was developedfor the treatment of OSCC cells to reduce drug doses and improve the poor stability of DSF in the OSCC environment.The design expert software was utilized to optimize the particles in terms of size, polydispersity index (PDI), andentrapment effcacy (EE). Acidic pH increased the release rate of DSF from these formulations. The size, PDI, and EE of Niosomeswere more stable at 4°C compared to 25°C. The results indicated that DSF-loaded Niosomes could induce apoptosis(P=0.019) in the OSCC cells compared to the control group. Moreover, it could reduce colony formation ability(P=0.0046) and also migration capacity of OSCC cells (P=0.0015). Our findings indicated that the application of proper dose of DSF-loaded Niosomes (12.5 μg/ml) increasesapoptosis, decreases colony formation capacity and declines the migration ability of OSCC cells.

Around 5% of tumors develop in the head and neck area, with nearly 50% of those appearing in the oral cavity. Oral cancer ranks as the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. These figures illustrate the severity of the disease and emphasize the importance of raising awareness and providing early screening to detect and manage it. The treatment and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain a significant challenge. This highlights the need for more effective treatments and strategies to improve the prognosis for individuals diagnosed with OSCC. In recent years, there has been significant progress in using microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer, making them a highly useful and valuable tool.

For this research, we cultured and maintained cell lines for hypopharyngeal cancer (FaDu), oral cancer (Cal 27), and PDL cells. We then used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to confirm the expression levels of the potential biomarker, has-miR-556-5p

During the discovery phase, we identified hsa-miR-556-5p as being differentially expressed, with a statistically significant increase in its expression level. More recently, we used real-time PCR to confirm that hsa-miR-556-5p is markedly up-regulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our study suggests that hsa-miR-556-5p has the potential to be a new and innovative biomarker for OSCC.

The candidate miRNA can be chosen as a promising biomarker for predicting patient outcomes and even for early detection of the disease in clinical settings.

The prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has increased in recent years. With the development of various treatments, the mortality rate has decreased and more people are living with the consequences of the disease and its treatment, which can have a great impact on the quality of life. Some questionnaires measure the impact of the disease on daily activities and patient behavior. In this study, the oral health‑related quality of life (OHRQOL) was assessed through the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)‑14 questionnaire between the OSCC patient and control groups.

In this cross‑sectional study, the OHIP‑14 questionnaire was given to 51 OSCC patients who had completed the treatment at least 6 months before participating in this study and 51 healthy individuals, and we used the Chi‑square test, independent sample t‑test, one‑way ANOVA, and linear regression in three models. P = 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean age of patients was 55.86 ± 15.04 years and the control group was 54.96 ± 14.08 years. Women made up 51% of patients. The mean OHIP score was 22.84 ± 11.42 in the patient group and 17.92 ± 9.23 in the control group, which indicates a significant (P = 0.005) difference between the two groups according to the independent sample t‑test.

The OHRQOL of patients has significantly decreased compared to the control group. Surgery had the lowest quality reduction, and combined surgical treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy had the highest reduction in the OHRQOL. It is recommended to have regular follow-up sessions and to have a proper diet during and after treatment.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity with multiple complications associated with the disease and its treatments and a high mortality rate. In the present study we aimed to assess the diagnosis and management of these patients referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2010-2021, their survival rate and possible factors affecting mortality of the patients.

In this retrospective descriptive-analytic study, patients diagnosed with oral SCC referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2010-2021 were included. Required data were gathered from the patients’ records and analyzed by SPSS software last version and Microsoft Excel using the Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

In the specified period 146 patients with oral SCC were admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital with a mean age of 63.4±18.1 years and a slightly higher prevalence of men. Most patients had an educational level of lower than diploma (60.2%), were living in urban areas (78.6%), were treated by a general dentist or a general practitioner (86.8%), primarily underwent surgery (78.8%) and their treatment followed the standard management for these patients (86.3%). 69.2% of the patients stayed alive until the studied period and the buccal mucosa was the most commonly involved location (51.7%). The mean survival of the patients was calculated to be 3384.3 days which was found to be affected by the educational level and compatibility of their treatment with standard guidelines.

The mean survival of the subjects was 9.3 years. The survival of the patients decreased from 100% to 0.4% after the 12 years period which is promising. These results indicate the effectiveness of following standard treatment protocols and early diagnosis of the patients in early stages of the disease.

 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a term that implies using a computer to model intelligent behavior with minimal human intervention. Their potential to exploit the meaningful relationship with a dataset can be used in diagnosis, treatment, and outcome prediction in many clinical scenarios. The aim was to evaluate the use of artificial intelligence algorithms to successfully differentiate histopathologic images of grades of OSCC and healthy oral mucosa.

 In this cross-sectional study, Inception-ResNet-V2, a recently created artificial intelligence system, was used to analyze 844 pictures captured from the histopathological view of the connective tissues from three groups, low-grade OSCC, high-grade OSCC and normal mucosa. 

 The results obtained from this research and comparable articles emphasize that deep learning-based systems have a high ability to analyze histopathological images and can be very useful and effective in cancer diagnosis and grading. According to the results of the ROC analysis from this research, Inception-ResNet-V2 has shown robust results in successfully differentiating Low-Grade OSCC, High-Grade OSCC and normal mucosa with over 95% accuracy.

 According to the results of the present and previous studies, it can be concluded that CNN, and particularly Inception-ResNet-V2 have immense potential in analyzing histopathology pictures and could be very helpful for pathologists in cancer diagnosis.

Emerging evidence suggests that KRAS could play an important role in squamous cell carcinoma; however, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is largely unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of KRAS, Ki-67, Cyclin D1, and Bcl2 in OSCC and their association with clinicopathological features.

Forty paraffin blocks of retrospective histologically diagnosed cases of OSCC and 20 blocks of oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia were obtained from two hospitals between 2018 and 2021. The paraffin-embedded tissue was analyzed for the expression of kras for oral epithelial dysplasia and OSCC, and ki-67, Cyclin D1, and bcl2 were analyzed only for OSCC. The results were correlated with each other and with different clinicopathological features and were statistically analyzed.

KRAS expression was significantly associated with histological tumor grade, tumor extent, presence of nodal and distant metastasis, pathological stage, and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (P=<0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.009, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The kras expression was positively correlated with the histological grade, tumor extent, nodal status, and the pathological stage (r=0.712, 0.649, 0.646, and 0.865, respectively). A positive correlation was also found with the expression of Bcl2, Cyclin D1, and Ki-67 (r=0.81, 0.723, and 0.698, respectively). The kras expression in oral epithelial dysplasia was significantly lower than that in OSCC (P=0.003).

KRAS may be a potential prognostic marker for OSCC and may play a role in its progression.

The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) composes about 90% of all head and neck cancers. The toll-like receptor (TLR)+ immune cells have potential of invasion and malignancy transformation. The aim of this study was assessment of possible associations between clinicopathological indices and TLR2 and TLR9 gene expression in OSCC.

Forty-two OSCC samples with related healthy margins including 25 early and 17 advanced stages were gathered. The samples were classified histologically from grade I to II. The expression of TLR2 and TLR2 was evaluated by Real-time PCR. The patient’s disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using SPSS V.23 software.

The expression of TLR2 and TLR9 genes in tumor tissues (especially in grade I and II) were higher than healthy surgical margin tissue (p< 0.001). TLR9 expression in grade II was statistically significant than grade I in tumor tissue (p< 0.001). TLR9 expression in advanced stage was statistically significant in compare to early stage (p= 0.012). In advanced stage both overall survival (p= 0.029) and disease-free survival (p= 0.012) were statistically lower than early stage. The follow-up time to recurrence in advanced stage was statistically lower than early stage (p= 0.007).

Overexpression of TLRs 2, 9 play role in the pathogenesis and tumor development of OSCC and can be applied as biomarker in prognostic approaches.

Statement of the Problem: 

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) comprises over 90% of oral malignancies. Cisplatin, as a selective chemotherapy agent to treat SCC, has many side effects despite its high effectiveness. There are some studies on the effects of bromelain derived from pineapple stems on different malignancies.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bromelain alone and in combination with Cisplatin on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and fibroblast cell lines.

In this interventional study, the HN5 cell line of OSCC and fibroblast cell line were treated with different concentrations of bromelain alone and in combination with cisplatin. Cell viability test was performed after 24, 48 and 72 hours using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. In the final stage, the drug-treated cells underwent flow cytometry to assess apoptosis patterns. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17, ANOVA (for general comparison of groups) and LSD post hoc tests (for comparison two groups). p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The findings suggested that although bromelain showed toxic effects on HN5 cancer cells, its combination with Cisplatin resulted in little improvement in its effectiveness. Bromelain alone and in combination with Cisplatin presented cytotoxic effects against fibroblasts, which depended on the dosage and time exposure (p˂ 0.05). The flow cytometry results did not support the superior effect of the combination of two medications over Cisplatin alone (p> 0.05).

According to the findings, although adding bromelain to Cisplatin reduced toxicity on normal tissues, the combination of these two drugs did not increase the anticancer effect of Cisplatin. Thus, bromelain in combination with Cisplatin is not recommended as an adjuvant drug for OSCC.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most common oral cavity cancer worldwide, being among the 10 most frequent cancers of all types. Only around 50% of patients survive longer than 5 years in view of currently applied medical procedures of diagnosis and treatment. The delay in diagnosis accounts for the shortening of survival despite advances in treatment protocols. The poor prognosis as well as high occurrence rate exerts a burden on both patients and clinicians. Cancer biomarkers may possibly present cancer profiles of different patients and foreseeing each upcoming therapy response and the subsequent outcomes. Identification of the most fundamental biomarkers in OSCC may lead us to precise detection, which can give rise to earlier diagnosis, more effective treatment options, and more patient oriented prognostic decisions, alleviating the current situation regarding the failure in effectual OSCC management.  In this review, we have outlined the molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis of OSCC and suggested inhibitors through which metastasis and its molecular pathways could potentially be inhibited.

A lot of lncRNAs are implicated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. The study aimed at investigating lncRNA DS cell adhesion molecule antisense RNA 1 (DSCAM-AS1)’s functional role and molecular mechanism in OSCC.
In this experimental study, a total of 46 pairs of OSCC samples and para-cancerous tissues were collected during surgery. In OSCC tissues and cell lines, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) was performed for detecting DSCAM-AS1 and microRNA-138-5p (miR-138-5p) expression levels. Western blot was conducted to examine the enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) expression level. Then, DSCAM-AS1 was knocked down with siRNA in OSCC cells and MTT and EdU assays were conducted to evaluate OSCC cell proliferation. Transwell assay was utilized for detecting OSCC cell migration and invasion capacities. Besides, the relationships among DSCAM-AS1, miR-138-5p, and EZH2 were explored through RNA immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot.
DSCAM-AS1 expression was remarkably increased in OSCC tissues and cell lines, and DSCAM-AS1 knockdown could significantly restrain OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. MiR-138-5p was identified as a target of DSCAM-AS1, and its inhibitor could reverse the suppressive effects of DSCAM-AS1 knockdown on OSCC progression. EZH2 was verified as a target of miR-138-5p, and EZH2 knockdown could counteract the promotional impact of miR-138-5p inhibitor on OSCC progression. Additionally, DSCAM-AS1, as a ceRNA, could regulate EZH2 expression via miR-138-5p.
DSCAM-AS1 can play a tumor-promoting role in OSCC via miR-138-5p/EZH2 axis.