جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « pcr technique » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

A variety of haemoprotozoa including Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon cause infections in birds and are transmitted by some known vectors. These parasites cause anemia, low appetite, weakness and ultimate ly death in birds. The present study was aimed to determine these parasites, in birds of Mazandaran and Golestan prov inces in Iran.

The project was performed on 340 live birds in 2016. The samples were collected from February to Septem ber 2016, from each bird, two thin and thick blood smears were prepared and the remaining blood about 1ml was kept in EDTA-containing tubes for molecular studies. The slides were stained with 10% Giemsa, then examined microscopical ly. About ten percent of the negative samples were considered for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, using specific primers to diagnose Plasmodium and Haemoproteus spp. Electrophoresis was done for PCR products and rele vant bands to the parasites were identified based on the size. The considered birds belonged to ducks, chickens, roosters, and pigeons.

From 340 microscopically examined blood samples 32 (9.5%) samples were positive. Twenty-five (7.35%) of them were infected with the genus Haemoproteus. Seven samples (14%) out of 50 microscopically negative samples were found as Haemoproteus or Plasmodium spp when PCR technique was employed.

This study revealed the existence of malaria parasites and other haemosporidia in birds in Iran. Employing molecular methods (PCR examination) could detect more infections.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral-shaped flagellated bacterium that is urease, catalase and oxidase positive. One of its pathogenicity factors is the iceA gene. H. pylori has recently been recognized as a genetic indicator for the development and evolution of duodenal ulcer disease in the East. This study aimed to determine the presence of this bacterium in gingival plaques in non-endocrine patients in Bojnourd city, and the polymerase chain reaction technique examined the percentage of iceA gene.

A total of 100 samples of dental plaque were taken and transferred to a tube that has been physiologically placed. After DNA extraction, primer design was performed, and then the polymerase chain reaction was performed for the whole sample.

Of 100 samples examined in this study, two samples of H. pylori were positive (2%), and the frequency of the iceA gene of two samples was positive (100%).

In the Bojnord city, the frequency of iceA gene in people is high, and the frequency of H. pylori in tooth plaques is low. Also, iceA gene can be considered as an indicator for predicting the contamination and risk of H. pylori infection in the region. To confirm the results, more molecular studies are required in other populations.

Moraxella catarrhalis is considered as one of the most significant pathogens of the respiratory tract. This research aimed to isolate and identify M. catarrhalis in respiratory diseases patients from northern part of Iran using culture and PCR techniques. In this study, 280 samples including throat swab of the patients with pharyngitis (n=92), sinus secretions of the patients with sinusitis (N=85), ear secretions of patients with otitis media (n=43) and pulmonary secretions of the patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (n=60) were collected. Culture technique and phenotyping tests were used to isolate and identify the bacterium. PCR technique was also used for its identification by usage of the specific primers. Of a total of 280 samples, 27 samples (9.64%), and 87 samples (31.07%), were reported to be positive in terms of presence of M. catarrhalis using culture and PCR techniques, respectively. The results obtained by this study show that M. catarrhalis is present in the human societies and hospital environments. Therefore, rapid identification and tracking of its strains can play a significant role in prevention from their development.

MMP enzymes are a family of membrane proteins that are capable of digesting extracellular matrix compounds (ECM) and basement membrane. Matrilysin enzyme is the smallest member of MMP family that is encoded by MMP-7 gene (matrilysin). According to the reports, G allele of -181 A/G single nucleotide polymorphism of MMP-7 gene causes an increase in the expression of this enzyme. This study aims to investigate the effect of promoter single nucleotide polymorphism of this gene on the colorectal cancer and compare the accuracy of tetra-primer ARMS PCR and RFLP-PCR techniques. In this study, genomic DNA was extracted from total blood of 61 patients with colorectal cancer and 77 healthy subjects as controls and, then, was genotyped by tetra-primer ARMS PCR technique. A number of randomly selected samples were later genotyped by RFLP-PCR. As expected, the results of RFLP-PCR technique confirmed the results of tetra-primer ARMS technique. Results of this study showed no statistical association between this polymorphism and risk of onset and metastasis of the colorectal cancer in the population of Isfahan.Discussion and Tetra-primer ARMS technique can be used as an efficient clinical technique.

Infestation of the skin by the “itch mite” Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis results in a contagious skin infection in humans called “sca­bies”. By resolving morphology issues, the present study was designed to be acquainted with itch mite by molecular markers. The mite samples were collected from scabies patients by visiting government hospitals of twin City, Pakistan. For successful molecu­lar detection approach, preparation of Sarcoptes mite DNA by commer­cial DNA extraction kit method. Furthermore, two primers i.e. Sarms 15 F/R and 16S D1/D2 were used to amplify target sequence by using PCR. The amplified products were then separated by agarose gel, electrophoresis and analyzed after staining and visualizing in UV transillu­minator. Analysis of PCR product showed one specific band of 178 bp with primer Sarms 15 F/R, while, with primer 16S D1/D2 bands of 460 bp and 600 bp were observed on 2% agarose gel. The appearance of different band of 600 bp revealed that it might be due to heteroplasmy state present in the Pakistani Sarcoptes mites population. Current study adds validity to the claim that PCR is more accurate, specific and sensitive in the detection of the ectoparasites even in smallest amount.