جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « prevalence » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is highly consequential to global health among chronic diseases. Due to a limited researches that have examined relationships between liver enzymes and DM, this study aimed to investigate the link between elevated liver enzymes and diabetes among Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN) Guilan cohort study (PGCS) population.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10519 individuals. The demographic and clinical information of the participants was recorded. The changes in alanine aminotransferases (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were evaluated. IBM SPSS Version 21 was used to analyze the data, with a significance level < 0.05.

The frequency of diabetes was 24.1% and was more prevalent in women than men (27.4% vs. 20.2%, p< 0.001). After removing all confederates, patients with elevated ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP levels were 1.27, 1.27, 1.52, and 1.46 times more likely to have diabetes, respectively. The likelihood of developing diabetes rose in correlation with the number of elevated liver enzymes, up to almost 1.77-fold among subjects with three or four increased liver enzymes.

Patients diagnosed with diabetes exhibited significantly increased levels of liver enzymes compared to those without diabetes. Also, impairment of three or four liver enzymes demonstrated a positive correlation with an elevated likelihood of DM. This indicates the importance of considering the liver status in the management of the DM population.

Anaemia is a major global health problem affecting all age groups in a population and affects mainly developing countries. Considering the rising burden of anaemia in our country and the paucity of literarure on anaemia among medical students in our clime, the present study was carried out to detect prevalence of anaemia in undergraduate medical students of Delta State University, Abraka and to determine the severity.

The study was carried out among 171 undergraduate medical students, comprisisng of 105 males and 66 females. Full blood count was processed using automated blood cell counter (Sysmex Haematology Autoanalyser model KN21). A peripheral blood smear was studied for cell morphology. Results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23.

The prevalence of anaemia was 29.2% among the study group. Males were more affected than females (70.0% vs 30.0%). The prevalence was highest in students in their fourth year in medical school (34.0%). All students with anaemia had a mild form and were asymptomatic. There was a negative corelation with anaemia and age group, as students within the youngest age group were mostly affected. Morphologically, microcytic hypochromic and normocytic normochromic picture were dominant.

There is a high prevalence of anaemia in undergraduate medical students and regular screening excercises are required to prevent symptomatic episodes of anaemia. 

 Studies on the prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the factors associated with its high prevalence among Iranian people are limited. This study evaluated the prevalence of NASH and its associated factors among Iranian adults using Pars Cohort Study (PCS) data.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted based on PCS, which includes 40-75-year-old adults from the Valashahr area. NASH was defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) higher than 40 U/L without evidence of hepatitis B or C infections. The prevalence of NASH and its associations with basic and demographic characteristics, socioeconomic characteristics, medical history, gastrointestinal symptoms, and laboratory tests were evaluated.

 Overall, 8734 patients, including 3917 men (44.8%), were enrolled in this study. The mean age of participants was 52.62 years (SD=9.68), and 605 individuals had NASH (6.9%). In the regression analysis, in contrast to female gender (OR=0.31, 95% CI=0.249‒0.386, P<0.001) and age (OR=0.951, 95% CI=0.941‒0.962, P<0.001), history of heart disease (OR=1.499, 95% CI=1.146‒1.962, P=0.003), history of diabetes (OR=1.523, 95% CI=1.162‒1.995, P=0.002), hypertension (OR=1.241, 95% CI=1.023‒1.506, P=0.029), being overweight or obese (OR=2.192, 95% CI=1.755‒2.737, P<0.001), being in the richest or second richest wealth index quantiles (OR=1.315, 95% CI=1.107‒1.156, P=0.002), and increased waist circumference (OR=1.409, 95% CI=1.107‒1.793, P<0.005) were independently associated with a higher risk of having NASH.

 In this study, we determined the prevalence of NASH and found male gender, younger age, history of heart disease, history of diabetes, hypertension, socioeconomic status, and obesity as possible factors associated with a higher risk of NASH among Iranians.

 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a significant gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. Due to the few studies that have been conducted in this field, the goal of this study is to determine the frequency of IBS among students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, Rome 3 questionnaires were used to detect the prevalence of IBS. For descriptive analysis, frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation (SD) were used, and the chi-square test was used for the inferential part. After data collection, data were analyzed by Stata software.

 The overall prevalence of IBS in students participating in the study was 29 (9.67%) with a confidence interval (CI) of 2.13-30.60. The prevalence by gender in women in the study was 17 (9.6%). In this study, there was a significant relationship between age groups with IBS (P = 0.04) and between the student’s faculty with IBS (P = 0.016). Moreover, 24.33% of students reported abdominal pain with a change in stool consistency. There was a change in bowel habits in 28.67% of students.

 Due to the significant and widespread prevalence of IBS among students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and the reduction in the student’s academic activities which can lead to academic failure, families and staff of the university must pay close attention to this issue.

 Despite the advancements in medical sciences, healthcare-associated infections continue to pose significant threats to human health.

 This research was carried out to assess the prevalence of healthcare-associated intestinal protozoan parasites among admitted patients of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital in Awka.

 Two stool samples were collected from each of 159 patients and analyzed using saline wet mount test, formol ether concentration technique, and modified Ziehl Neelsen technique. Other data concerning demography and risk factors were obtained with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

 Overall, 25 samples (15.7%) were positive for nosocomial intestinal protozoan infection. Females had the highest prevalence of this infection (18.3%). Additionally, the age group 10- 19 years had the highest prevalence (31.6%). Patients who were hospitalized for more than 30 days revealed the highest prevalence (87.5%), and patients admitted to the pediatric ward also had a high prevalence (23.5%). Moreover, patients who drank well water had a prevalence of 33.3%, and those who did not sanitize their hands revealed a prevalence of 22.2%. Nosocomial infection was strongly associated with duration of hospital stay and stool consistency (P ˂ 0.000). In this study, 5 parasites were isolated, among which Entamoeba histolytica was the most prevalent parasite (52.0%).

 Hence, improved patient and medical personnel hygiene, safer health practices, and hospital sanitation should be adopted to curtail the spread of infection.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium involved in gastrointestinal disorders with a high prevalence in Iran. We have determined the seroprevalence of H. pylori in the young adult population of Mashhad city for the first time.

We carried out a cross-sectional study on 933 individuals between the ages of 15 and 35 in Mashhad. The serum level of IgG, IgM, and IgA H. pylori antibodies was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

The average age of the participants including 290 (31.0%) male and 643 (68.9%) female cases was 25.47 ± 5.76. H. pylori IgG was seropositive in 365 (39.1%) of subjects. Occupation (p=0.002), body mass index (p=0.002), marital status (p<0.0001), and age (p<0.007) were meaningfully related to H. pylori IgG seropositivity. Other factors such as sex, educational attainment, history of chronic diseases, and smoking cigarette had no significant relationship with the presence of H. pylori antibodies.

The seroprevalence of H. pylori IgG antibodies in Mashhad's 15 to 35 years old citizens was determined 39.1%. We suggest further studies with larger sample sizes and different age groups as the target population.

This study assessed the orthodontic treatment needs of Iranian and Arab university students using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). 

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 Arab and 100 Iranian patients presenting to Ajman University dental clinic in 2023. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling and were 19‒25 years of age. The dental health component (DHC) and esthetic component (AC) of the IOTN were used to assess their malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test at a significance level of 0.05. 

According to the DHC, 60% of Arab and 64% of Iranian patients had malocclusion with moderate to extreme need for treatment. Of the Iranian population, 12% were Grade I (no need), 24% were Grade 2 (little or mild need), 28% were Grade 3 (moderate need), 20% were Grade 4 (severe need), and 16% were Grade 5 (extreme need). These values were 17%, 23%, 32%, 20%, and 8%, respectively, for the Arab population. According to the AC, 59% of Iranians and 56% of Arabs required little or no treatment, while 27% of Iranians and 31% of Arabs had moderate need, and 14% of Iranians and 13% of Arabs had severe need for treatment. The difference between the two populations was insignificant in the DHC (P=0.431) or AC (P=0.681) grading. 

The two groups with different ethnic backgrounds exhibited no significant difference regarding orthodontic treatment needs.

 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that arises from experiencing traumatic events such as traffic accidents, war, natural disorders, and job incidents. This study focused on determining the epidemiology of PTSD in the Iranian population from 2019 to 2024.

 In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we explored databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Magiran to achieve a maximum variety of screened articles. The quality of the included articles was evaluated using the STROBE checklist. For data analysis, due to the variation in reporting the PTSD prevalence across the reviewed articles, heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index, and a random effect model was applied to account for this variation.

 Out of 800 articles found in the initial review, only 15 articles were entered in the final analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a total of 9868 participants. The overall PTSD prevalence in the Iranian population was 31.87% (95% confidence interval [CI]=17.87- 45.87, I2=95.29%, P<0.001). Additionally, PTSD prevalence in men (36.64%) was higher than in women (35.52%).

 The prevalence of PTSD in young Iranian men is relatively high, and there was no statistically significant decrease in PTSD prevalence between 2019 and 2024.

 Annually, 3-8 million infants are born with congenital anomalies worldwide, ranging from 3% to 7% of births in different countries. This study aimed to investigate the nationwide epidemiological features of birth defects in Iran.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted in six major regions across Iran. The data sources were the maternity facilities affiliated with regional universities of medical sciences. All children were examined by obstetricians, pediatricians, or midwives at birth, and newborns were followed until discharge from the facility for health status, maturity, and congenital defects.

 A total of 138,643 births were registered in the maternity facilities across the study regions. Among these newborns, 3,458 cases were diagnosed with congenital anomalies, representing an overall prevalence rate of 249.4 per 10000 births (95% CI: 241.2-257.8). Genital organ anomalies exhibited the highest rates of defects in the country with 92.7 per 10000 births (95% CI: 86.4-98.9), followed by limb anomalies at 83.3 per 10000 births (95% CI: 77.4-89.3). The prevalence of respiratory system, chromosomal, and urinary tract anomalies was less than 10 per 10000 births.

 Until a national registry for congenital anomalies is established, this study provides essential data on the magnitude of the health problems caused by congenital anomalies in Iran. The findings would be vital for planning and evaluating antenatal screening for birth defects, particularly for high-risk groups and regions in the country.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment can cause significant side effects like dysphagia, voice problems which can affect health related quality of life (HRQOL). Examining quality of life among these patients are helpful in streamlining cancer treatment protocols. The present study aimed to find out the relationship between dysphagia, voice problems, and HRQOL among HNC survivors.

A convenient sampling technique was adopted to recruit 110 HNC survivors. Data was collected using Eating Assessment Tool (EAT), Voice Handicap Index (VHI), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core Version 3 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and head and neck specific module of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-H &N 35).

Majority of the HNC survivors (85.5%) had dysphagia, and 50% of them reported severe voice problems. The overall QOL mean (SD) score was high in cognitive functioning 80.76 (22.19) and role functioning 80.30 (25.54) of the functional domain. While considering symptom scale highest mean score was reported for pain 42.42 (25.01), fatigue 42.22 (23.82) and financial difficulties 41.21 (28.56). There was a mild positive correlation between dysphagia and voice problem (r=0.202), dysphagia and health related global health (r=0.248) and voice problem and global health (r=0.280).

Dysphagia and voice problems were common among HNC survivors and it has great impact on their HRQOL. Therefore, it is important to initiate various measures to increase awareness for prevention and early management of these symptoms and improvement of HRQOL of HNC survivors.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are a global public health concern, impacting individuals of various age groups. This systematic review aimed to consolidate current evidence on TDI prevalence, providing insights for improved management and prevention strategies.

A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases for studies published between January 1, 2000, and July 1, 2024. Studies reporting on the prevalence of TDI in various populations were included. We followed PRISMA guidelines in the review process. Descriptive statisticswere used to summarize study characteristics, and a random-effects modelwas applied in the meta-analysis using STATA version 14 to pool prevalence rates, while accounting for inter-study variability. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were conducted to assess publication bias.

The review included data of 151,205 patients from 30 studies across diverse healthcare settings. The prevalence rates varied significantly across studies, ranging from as low as 1.88% to as high as 86.98%. The overall pooled prevalence of TDI, calculated using a random effects model, was 19.48% (95% CI: 11.21% to 27.74%), indicating substantial heterogeneity among the studies (I-squared = 100.0%, p < 0.001). The prevalence varied significantly across different healthcare settings and demographic groups. No evidence of publication bias was found (p > 0.05).

This systematic review underscores the high prevalence of TDI and highlights the need for targeted preventive strategies and evidence-based interventions in dental trauma care.

Head injuries (HI) pose a significant public health concern globally, impacting morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and trends associated with head injuries in Iran from 1990 to 2019.

Our study, based on data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2019, undertook a comprehensive comparison of the burden of HI in Iranwith theMiddle East andNorth Africa (MENA) and global benchmarks. We assessed the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLD) through various metrics, including absolute numbers, age-standardized rates (ASR), percentage changes, and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) from 1990 to 2019.

The incidence of HI in Iran decreased significantly from 1990 to 2019, with a notable reduction compared to MENA and global trends (EAPC: -1.44, 0.71, and -0.11, respectively). Prevalence showed a declining trend (EAPC: -1.00), with a slight increase in YLDs (EAPC: 0.12). Notable peaks in HI incidence coincided with natural disasters, notably the 1990 Manjil-Rudbar earthquake and the 2003 Bam earthquake.

Our study reveals a decline in the overall burden of HI in Iran over the study period. To sustain this positive trend andminimize the impact of HI on public health and socioeconomicwell-being, policy efforts should be directed toward ongoing prevention, early detection, and preparedness for natural disasters.

Burnout is a common psychological state among medical residents, which may affect their training, safety, and clinical performance. This study aimed to examine burnout, and its associated factors among the medical residents in university hospitals of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 300 medical residents from teaching hospitals in March 2021, using a web-based questionnaire. The validated Persian version of Maslach Burnout Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify factors significantly associated with burnout.

From 300 medical residents, 291(97%) responded. The participants’ mean age was 32.9± 4.4, and over half (60.1%) were females, and 140(48.1%) were married. Burnout was reported by 77.3% of the medical residents. As far as emotional exhaustion (EE) was concerned, 25.1% reported high levels of burnout. In addition, high levels of depersonalization (DP) were reported by 19.9% of the participants, and 32.3% indicated a sense of low professional accomplishment (PA). There were notable differences in burnout and its dimensions among medical residents specializing in various fields, with surgical-specialty residents reporting the highest levels (p=0.000). Moreover, burnout was significantly associated with age (p=0.036), residency year (p=0.001), and specialty type (p=0.000). Based on multiple linear regression model, higher burnout scores were predicted by age (p=0.001), and specialty type (p=0.001).

Based on our findings, there is a relatively high rate of burnout among medical residents. Therefore, it is essential that stakeholders urgently take effective measures to protect medical residents’ mental health.

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at a heightened risk of developing feeding and swallowing disorders, which are influenced by a variety of medical, cultural, psychosocial, and nutritional factors. The prevalence rates of these disorders vary widely across different studies, highlighting the complexity and multifaceted nature of these challenges.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of feeding and swallowing disorders and to explore the factors associated with the severity of swallowing issues in Iranian children with CP.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 111 Iranian children with CP. The study assessed feeding and swallowing problems through clinical evaluations and parental reports. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20, utilizing chi-square and Spearman's correlation coefficient tests.

The study found that feeding and swallowing problems are common among Iranian children with CP, with 79.2% of children having feeding disorders and 78.3% experiencing swallowing difficulties. Of particular concern, 40.5% of the children showed issues during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, and 12.6% exhibited unsafe swallowing patterns. There were significant correlations between the severity of swallowing issues and several factors: Malnutrition (P ≤ 0.001), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (P = 0.007), motor impairment (P ≤ 0.001), and caregiver concern (P ≤ 0.001). Malnutrition was found in 60% of the children, yet only 23% were receiving dietary supplements, and a mere 2.7% were using tube feeding.

Feeding and swallowing disorders, along with malnutrition, are highly prevalent in Iranian children with CP. The positive correlation between the severity of swallowing issues and malnutrition underscores the critical need for early, multidisciplinary interventions to address these challenges.

In Morocco, there is no official data on the prevalence of congenital abnormalities (CAs). Available data are mostly derived from hospital-based retrospective epidemiological analyses.

This study aims to describe the prevalence, distribution, and risk factors of CAs in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region of central Morocco.

Epidemiological data were obtained from delivery files of 163,842 births recorded by local medical services from January 2017 to December 2021. Additionally, a case-control study was conducted to analyze the risk factors.

The prevalence of CAs in this study area was 6.02 per thousand births. Musculoskeletal system anomalies were the most common (32.88%), followed by nervous system anomalies (22.20%). Genital organ abnormalities represented 7.37%, and cleft lip and palate accounted for 7.03%. Analysis by type of CA revealed that clubfeet were the most commonly reported anomalies in the study area, with a prevalence of 18%, followed by spina bifida (9%), anencephaly (7%), and cleft lips and palate (7.9%). The sex ratio (males/females) for all CAs was 1.24. Risk factors identified in this study included rural residency, maternal age over 35 years, parity, consanguinity, family history of CA, medication use before and during pregnancy, and infection episodes during pregnancy.

The relatively high prevalence of congenital abnormalities in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region highlights the need for prevention strategies through preconception care counseling and pregnancy monitoring, especially in rural areas. It is urgent to establish a teratovigilance registry in Morocco.