جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « prevalence » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

We evaluated the prevalence of gynecologic cancers in south of Iran in 2014-2019.

This cross-sectional, descriptive study aimed to study 1222 patients with female gynecological cancers who were referred to the specialized oncology and radiotherapy clinics in Kerman city in south of Iran. The required information was gathered from the cases recorded in available pathology centers in Department of Health in Kerman province during 2014 -2019 years. The data analysis was done by SPSS20 software via descriptive statistics tests of Chi square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and ANOVA.

The uterine (38.98%), and ovarian cancers (36.94%) had the highest relative frequencies. There was no significant difference in the relative frequency of female cancers in the five time intervals (p>0/01). The age average of patients was 66/15 ±58/53 years which was significantly different among different types of cancer (p<0/01). The highest and lowest age average was related to the vagina (61.89±26.64) and placenta (30.66±5.50) cancers.

The most frequent cancer in the first two years of study was ovarian cancer, while the most frequent cancer in the next three years of the study was the uterine cancer. The highest and lowest age averages were related to vagina cancer, and trophoblastic cancer, respectively.

 Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) refers to the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum or liver of individuals who tested negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). This study aimed to determine seropositivity for antibodies against HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) and the frequency of OBI among the HBsAg non-reactive blood donors in Mashhad, northeastern Iran.

 In this cross-sectional study, serum samples of HBsAg-negative blood donors were examined for anti-HBc during June and August 2018. Anti-HBc-positive samples were tested for antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs), and those with negative results were classified as isolated anti-HBc cases. The presence of HBV DNA in the C, S, and X gene regions was assessed by a qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method in all HBsAg-negative samples. OBI subjects were detected by the presence of at least one HBV genomic region.

 Of 540 HBsAg-negative donors, 29 (5.4%; 95% confidence interval: 3.6–7.6%) showed seroreactivity for anti-HBc, of whom 18 individuals were also seropositive for anti-HBs. All donors showed negative results for all three HBV genes regardless of their serum anti-HBc status.

 Based on our findings, we suggest routine screening of Iranian blood donation volunteers for serum anti-HBc and anti-HBs but not HBV DNA.

On a global scale, approximately 350 million are affected by hepatitis B, and 71 million by hepatitis C. People in custody face elevated risks for these infections. The prevalence and risk factors in Iranian prisons are insufficiently documented. The principal objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of hepatitis B and C, coupled with the identification of pertinent influencing factors, within the confines of Zahedan central prison, situated in the southeastern region of Iran.

In 2019, we conducted an analytical cross-sectional study involving 407 people in custody, using stratified random sampling. To definitively diagnose hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (P<0.05), a checklist developed by the researchers, along with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, were employed.

This study comprised 406 participants (96.3% male) with a median age of 32 years (27-38). Approximately 62% were married, and a substantial proportion of the participants had low education levels (47%), unemployment (64%), and belonged to the Baloch ethnicity (64%). The overall prevalence of hepatitis C and B infections was 2.7% and 10.6%, respectively. Tattooing (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.9-4.5) and marriage (AOR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.05-3.04) were identified as risk factors for hepatitis B. Moreover, hepatitis C showed a statistically significant association with a family history of hepatitis B and C (AOR: 3.31, 95% CI: 3.93-24.64) and intravenous (IV) drug use (AOR: 7.01, 95% CI: 1.52-32.78) according to the multivariable logistic regression analysis.

The prevalence of hepatitis B and C was higher among people in custody in Zahedan central prison. Consequently, targeted interventions are vital to address and reduce viral hepatitis burden in custodial settings.

 Adolescent cigarette smoking remains a concern globally, including in Thailand. This research aimed to elucidate the prevalence and determinants of cigarette smoking among Thai adolescents.

Study Design: 

A cross-sectional study.

 A cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2021 Thailand Global School-Based Health Survey with 5545 adolescents aged 13–17 with complete information was conducted on their cigarette smoking status. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to discern the determinants of tobacco smoking among adolescents.

 The overall weighted prevalence of cigarette smoking was 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]=9.7%, 13.5%), with adolescent males at 18.2% (95% CI=15.3%, 21.4%) and adolescent females at 5.6% (95% CI=4.2%, 7.4%). The multivariable logistic regression also revealed that males were more likely to be smokers (Adjusted Odd Ratio [AOR]=1.58; 95% CI=1.02, 2.45, P=0.040) compared to females. The presence of smokers in their vicinity significantly increased the odds of smoking (AOR=2.21, 95% CI=1.46, 3.36, P<0.001). Current alcohol use (AOR=3.37, 95% CI=2.21–5.14, P<0.001) and current marijuana use (AOR=4.53, 95% CI=2.06, 9.99, P<0.001) were both significant determinants of smoking. Notably, early initiation of cigarette use (before age 14) was associated with a lower likelihood of current smoking (AOR=0.54, 95% CI=0.33, 0.92, P=0.022).

 With an overall prevalence of smoking among adolescents at 11.5%, our study highlights a significant public health concern. The positive determinants of the identified tobacco smoking include being male, having smokers in their vicinity, and currently using alcohol, and marijuana, while early initiation of cigarette use before age 14 is identified as an inverse determinant.

Estimating the prevalence of food insecurity among vulnerable sub‑groups, especially pregnant women, is significant. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women and to determine its related factors.

This study constitutes a systematic review and meta‑analysis of cross‑sectional studies involving pregnant women, published between January 2000 and September 2022, in English and Persian on seven databases. Finally, 14 studies were analyzed and synthesized, with the results presented in the form of forest plots. Heterogeneity was investigated using the I2 index and the meta‑regression to evaluate variables suspected of causing heterogeneity. Statistical analysis and synthesis were performed using Stata‑16.

The pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women was 45% (95% confidence interval: 37–54%). In a multi‑variable meta‑regression model, p </em>values were significant for the year of data collection and the type of the questionnaire. The adjusted I2 and R2 indices were estimated at 84.47 and 51.46%, respectively. The prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women has been estimated at half a million.

Given the high prevalence of food insecurity among pregnant women in Iran, we propose the inclusion of food insecurity screening for this vulnerable demographic within the primary healthcare package. Additionally, we advocate for the allocation of food subsidies to pregnant women confronting food insecurity.

Prenatal and postnatal depression (PND) is associated with adverse outcomes for mother, fetus, and child. The aim of study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms.

This was a cross-sectional and hospital-based survey of 2305 pregnant women and post-partum women (18-48 years) that was registered in the Babol Pregnancy Mental Health Registry (BPMHR) database from June 2020 to March 2021. Two questionnaires, including demographics and depression, were analyzed in this study. Also, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess the depressive symptoms. Independent t test and the analysis of variance were used to compare the means. Multiple logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors for depressive symptoms.

According to the EPDS scale, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.8% in the pregnant woman group in comparison with the postpartum period (11.6%). Risk factors for antenatal depressive symptoms were parity (women with parity ≥ 4 vs. 1 parity, ß=1.808, P=0.020), two groups of gestational age (gestational age ≤12 weeks vs. 28 weeks, ß=1.562 P=0.030) as well as (gestational age 21-27 weeks vs. 28 weeks (ß=1.586, P=0.033), and high-risk pregnancy (high-risk vs. low-risk pregnancy, ß=1.457, P=0.003). For postnatal depressive symptoms, none of the factors were a significant risk.

Prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms should be screened, particularly for women in the first and second trimesters, with high parity, and those with a high-risk pregnancy, as recommended by the present study.

Diabetes is a common disease that leads to chronic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, vascular diseases, and retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is an eye condition that can cause vision loss and blindness in diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients.

In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 550 patients with diabetes referring to the diabetes centers in Mashhad Parsian Diabetes Center, Iran were enrolled. All patients were assessed for the presence of diabetic retinopathy by direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy. A standardized protocol was used to grade diabetic retinopathy. Two groups of diabetic patients with and without retinopathy were compared in terms of body mass index (BMI), gender, disease duration and type of diabetes, history of blood pressure, history of blood lipids, hemoglobin AIC and albumin.

The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among 550 diabetic patients was 23.4% (129 patients). Age, duration of diabetic disease, history of high blood pressure, history of high blood lipids, type 2 diabetes and urine albumin were significantly different between the diabetic patients with and without retinopathy, while no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of gender, BMI, smoking, and hemoglobin A1C level.

Due to the high prevalence of DR in diabetic patients, it is recommended that retinal examination should always be considered in the evaluation of diabetic patients.

Thyroid problems have been reported in over 110 countries worldwide. In some countries, the prevalence of known thyroid disorders has been reported to be as high as 18.9%. Given that thyroid dysfunction can adversely affect adult health, we aimed to assess the prevalence of thyroid disease and related factors in the Fasa Persian Cohort Study Centre. This cross-sectional study was conducted in southwestern Iran. It included 10,132 participants, with an average age of 48.63. Demographic and clinical data were used as baseline cohort information. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors associated with thyroid disease. The prevalence of thyroid disease was 8.8%. According to the results of the multiple analysis gender (AORfemale/ male=5.94.95% CI: 1.66-7.58), education level (AOR Literate/ Illiterate=1.21, 95% CI: 1.04-1.40), diabetes (AORYes/No=1.32, 95% CI: 1.09-1.69), hypertension (AORYes/No=1.38, 95% CI: 1.17-1.64), depression (AORYes/No=1.72, 95% CI: 1.38-2.13) were associated with the odds of thyroid disease. Also, metabolic equivalent task (MET) (AOR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.02-0.083), duration sleep (AOR6- 7/≤5=0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.97), and duration sleep (AOR≥8/≤5=0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99) were  identified as protective factors in the study. This study’s findings indicated that the total prevalence of thyroid disease in adults was 8.8%. The researchers found that gender, education level, hypertension, diabetes, and depression increased the odds of thyroid disease. In addition, duration of sleep and MET were identified as protective factors. Further consideration of thyroid disease and screening for this population is recommended.

Drug use during pregnancy is a growing public health problem worldwide. This study determined the prevalence of illicit drug use among pregnant women in Kerman, Sought East Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 on the 966 pregnant women referring to the Central Clinical Laboratory of Kerman for routine pregnancy tests. Urine sample of pregnant women was tested anonymously in two stages. At first, a qualitative screening test was done using the rapid immunoassay method. Then for positive specimens, thin layer chromatography was used to confirm the initial positive results. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression. The mean age of the participants was 27.3±6.6 years.  Most of the respondents (93.8%) were urban dwellers. Also, 7.0% (95% CI: 5.4–8.7) of urine samples were positive for illicit drug. Opium was the most frequently used drug (83.8%). No urine sample was positive for marijuana and tramadol. The older the participants, the more likely they used drugs (odds ratio=1.05; CI 95%:1.01-1.09). Women with low socioeconomic status were nearly 2.2 times more likely to use illicit drugs. The prevalence of drug use is alarming among pregnant women in South eEast Iran. Considering this issue is necessary during prenatal care.

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of psychiatric consultations in a general hospital. 

All the patients hospitalized in Rasoul Akram Hospital from April 2011 to March 2019 who were asked for a psychiatric consultation were studied. Patients’ information was obtained from the patients’ records. The records of the year 2008 were also used to compare the characteristics between the years 2008 and 2017. 

Over an eight-year period, 0.61% of the patients received psychiatric consultations. 54% of the consulted patients were male and 46% were female. The mean age of the patients was 44.7±18.72 years. The highest requested consultations (28.4%) were from the internal department followed by the surgery department (11.8%). The highest frequency of the reasons for requesting consultation was presence of psychiatric symptoms (27.5%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis was adjustment disorder (18.4%) followed by major depressive disorder (14.2%). Comparing consultations in the year 2008 with 2017 demonstrated that 1.57% of the patients admitted in 2008 and 1.17% of the patients in 2017 received psychiatric consultations, and in both years, the number of male patients was higher than females, the highest demand for consultation was from the internal department, and the most common reason for seeking consultation was the presence of psychiatric symptoms and then depressive symptoms. In 2008, the most common diagnosis was major depressive disorder and in 2017 was substance use disorder. 

The consultation rate was alarmingly low in this study compared to the other studies.

There is still disagreement about the prevalence and incidence of dysphagia in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Since the prevalence of dysphagia has been reported very differently in the related literature, it is imperative to estimate pooled prevalence in PD patients. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of dysphagia in PD overall and separately for each assessment method (subjective and objective). 

These databases were searched: ScopusPubMed Web of Science ,and Google Scholar, January 1990 to October 2021. A random-effects model was used to pool the prevalence rates reported in the included studies by the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA( software .All designs of the studies were included. 

Thirty-nine articles entered the current meta-analysis. The global estimation of the overall prevalence of dysphagia in PD patients was 50.4% )95%CI:42.2-58.6) in all the 39 studies, which proved statistically heterogeneous (p<0.001). Moreover, the pooled prevalence by the subjective (30 studies) and objective (19 studies) methods of assessment were estimated to be 39.5 and 68.8%, respectively. There was also a significant relationship between the prevalence of dysphagia and age of Parkinson’s patients )r=0.44, p=0.011) and also between the prevalence of dysphagia and the duration of PD (r=0.55, p=0.006). 

Based on the results, one in two patients with PD has dysphagia. This is proven that dysphagia is common in PD. The prevalence of objective dysphagia and subjective dysphasia were very different. It suggests that all Parkinson’s patients should be evaluated for swallowing disorders regularly with objective tools.

Child marriage is a detrimental practice with negative consequences for girls' health and well-being. This study aims to identify the prevalence of child marriage and associated risk factors within the Madhesi community.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sub-metropolitan city of Lumbini Province, Nepal, in 2023. A total of 352 married women were randomly selected using simple random sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire between March 28th and April 17th. Descriptive categorical variables were expressed as proportions. Risk factors associated with child marriage were measured using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.

The majority of respondents (36.1%) were in the age group 21-25, with a mean age of 25.90 years ± 4.6 years.  Most respondents (48.9%) received only basic-level education, with the majority (72.4%) reporting their parents as having no formal education. The primary family occupation was farming (40.1%). The prevalence of child marriage was high (77.0%), with a median marriage age of 18 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant risk factors including lower education levels of respondents and their parents, husband's occupation, lack of awareness about the legal marriage age, limited decision-making power regarding marriage, belief in the dowry system, discussions with friends about child marriage, and occurrence of child marriage among friends.

Despite legal prohibition, child marriage remains prevalent in the Madhesi community. Educational interventions targeting women and parents, empowering women with decision-making authority, and addressing the dowry system are crucial for reducing this harmful practice.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) which is characterized by persistent fear of social situations is increasingly relevant, particularly among students in today’s competitive society. This study assesses the prevalence of SAD and identifies associated factors among health care students.

A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2023 and included 325 participants from five colleges in Kathmandu City, Nepal. The sample size was calculated using the formula Z²pq/d². The participants were selected via the purposive sampling method. SAD was assessed using the 17-item social phobia inventory instrument. Logistic regression analysis identified significant predictors (P<0.05).

The majority of participants (63.7%) were in the 22-25 age group, with a mean age of 22.84±2.25 years. The prevalence of SAD was 39.1%, with a mean of the social phobia inventory score of 16.73±11.85. Significant risk factors included being female (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1, 3.4), history of mental illness (AOR=2.9; 95% CI, 1.2, 6.8), parental criticism (AOR=2.4; 95% CI, 1.1, 5.2), overprotection (AOR=2.6; 95% CI, 1.6, 4.2), excessive anger (AOR=3.9; 95% CI, 1.3, 11.3), conflicts with parents (AOR=2.1; 95% CI, 1.3, 3.4), exposure to abuse (AOR=2.7; 95% CI, 1.5, 5.0), experiences of bullying (AOR=2.8; 95% CI, 1.5, 5.2), and dissatisfaction with height, weight, color of skin, and facial features.

This study reveals a high prevalence of SAD among health science students, emphasizing the importance of public health interventions targeting identified risk factors. Early prevention and control strategies should be implemented by both parents and colleges.

This study reviewed the prevalence of C-shaped root canal morphology in different provinces of Iran.

This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Embase, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Ovid, SID, CIVILICA, Magiran, IranMedex, and ISC electronic databases were searched for articles published from 2000 to 2021. The searched keywords included “C-shaped root canal system” and “prevalence”, “molar teeth”, “premolar teeth”, and “Iranian population”. Full-text assessment of the articles and critical appraisal were performed using the CONSORT and STROBE checklists. Gender, tooth type (first/second molar, first/second premolar), upper/lower jaw, and type of C-shaped classification were extracted from the eligible articles, pooled, and analyzed using forest plots with proportions and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta-regression was performed to evaluate possible sources of heterogeneity.   

The prevalence of C-shaped canals was 0.06% (95% CI: 0.04-0.08). The prevalence of C-shaped canals was 0.08% (95% CI: 0.05-0.11) based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The pooled prevalence of C-shaped root canal system was higher in Mazandaran (Sari and Babol) and East Azarbaijan (Tabriz) (0.10%) than other provinces. There was no significant difference between the pooled prevalence of C-shaped root canal system in males (0.26%) and females (0.36%). The pooled prevalence of C-shaped morphology was 0.03% in first molars and 0.12% in second molars.

The prevalence of C-shaped morphology is high in the Iranian population. Tooth type has a significant effect on the prevalence of C-shaped canals.

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease usually diagnosed based on clinical and histopathological findings. Prognostic evaluation of malignant transformation in LP is clinically and histologically complex. Due to the inconsistent results of previous studies regarding the prevalence of dysplastic changes in LP, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dysplasia in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on biopsy samples of OLP patients referred to Tabriz Dental Faculty from 2012 to 2020. The diagnosis of OLP was based on the World Health Organization criteria, which was confirmed by reassessment of the microscopic slides by a pathologist. The clinical subtype of OLP samples was specified based on the information present in patient files. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test using SPSS 17 (alpha=0.05). 

The buccal mucosa was the most commonly involved area (27 out of 36 cases). The tongue ranked next (10 out of 36 cases). The most common clinical subtype was reticular form with 23 cases (63.9%). In 8 cases (21.9%), epithelial dysplasia was observed; of which, 7 cases were grade I and 1 was grade II. Among the observed dysplastic features, nuclear hyperchromatosis and enlarged nucleus had the highest incidence (11.1%).

The percentage of dysplasia in OLP specimens was not high in the study population. However, considering the risk of transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), accurate diagnosis of SCC based on history, and clinical and histopathological findings is critical. In case of histopathological detection of dysplasia, long-term follow-up of patients is necessary.

Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most popular drugs used by drivers. Recent research has indicated an increase in the utilization of amphetamine-type stimulants over the past 15 years.

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of amphetamine use among fatally injured motorcyclists in the world.

All available databases including PubMed, Scopus, Wos, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID were searched to locate published studies up to the year 2023. Heterogeneity among the studies was tested by Q-Cochran with a significant level below 0.1. The researcher assessed the Index of changes ascribed to heterogeneity (I2). Due to the heterogeneity of studies, the random-effects model was applied to integrate the results of the studies, and a 95% CI was reported. Meta-analysis in STATA 14SE was used to perform statistical analyses.

Out of a total of 222 articles that met the inclusion criteria, seven studies were examined and analyzed. The prevalence of amphetamine uses among motorcyclists who have been fatally injured was %14 (95%CI = 0.08-0.20) in the world. This result demonstrates that almost no study has documented mortality associated with amphetamine use among motorcyclists in developing countries.

Early-stage recognition and identification of motorcyclists who use amphetamines and other drugs is necessary. Furthermore, the development of educational campaigns to promote knowledge specific to that particular population is imperative. To reduce the possibility of relapsing and improve traffic safety, motorcyclists who experience difficulties resulting from amphetamine use must participate in specialized programs, treatment, psychological counseling, and rehabilitation.