جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "qom city" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Currently, in order to adapt to the existing water crisis in the country and ensure sustainable water supply and distribution management, the implementation of proper management methods based on sustainability principles is one of the most fundamental needs. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating water and wastewater management in small businesses in Qom city with the perspective of drought and environmental threats caused by water shortage in 2021.

The present research is a descriptive-cross-sectional study that was conducted after field survey and statistics obtained from the Water and Wastewater Department on 223 trades related to 67 guilds in the city of Qom. The amount of water consumption, wastewater production, and the management of water and wastewater in businesses were studied with a focus on drought and environmental threats resulting from water scarcity, and the results were reported descriptively.

Considering the amount of water consumption, businesses were classified into four categories. It was determined that businesses in category one, 96.82% of businesses with an average consumption of 246.2 ± 574.2, category two businesses, 17.47% with an average of 6142.3 ± 2823.19, category three businesses, 36.4% with an average of 121.2 ± 5.40, and category four businesses, 83.5% with an average water consumption of 821.215 ± 28.355 cubic meters per month, were in terms of efficiency, respectively, in businesses from one to four, 08.61, 25.56, 33.33, and 46.38% of businesses lacked a specific plan for water conservation

The results show that the management of water and wastewater in businesses in the city of Qom does not have favorable conditions. Considering the decrease in rainfall and drought, it seems that the issue of water supply may be the biggest challenge in this city. Most of the businesses under study lack a specific plan for water conservation, and water resource managers should make decisions regarding compensating for water scarcity and preventing water quality degradation while accurately estimating and evaluating water resources and consumption.

Aflatoxins are toxic fungal metabolites found in foods. After eating foods containing aflatoxin B1, the ruminants metabolize the toxin and excrete aflatoxin M1 in their milk. The permissible level of aflatoxin in milk is not more than 50 ng/L. This study aims to investigate the amount of aflatoxin M1 in the collected raw, traditional, and synthetic milk using the ELISA method. We also intend to determine the adulteration of raw milk in Qom City, Iran.

From the supply centers, 180 samples of raw, milk, and pasteurized were prepared in Qom and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The chi-square test was performed using SPSS software, version 26. The level of significance was set at <0.005.

Investigations showed that all sampled milk was contaminated with aflatoxin, but the contamination was not beyond the standard limit. However, the level of microbial contamination was high. Regarding milk adulteration, we found 4, 0, and 2 cases of adulteration in raw, traditional, and industrial milk samples, respectively.

The milk tested in this study is safe for consumption regarding aflatoxin M1 contamination. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of aflatoxin B1 levels in livestock diets and aflatoxin M1 in dairy milk is necessary, especially for countries at high risk for aflatoxin M1 contamination.

Visual pollution is one of the important components of the man-made environment in urban spaces. The purpose of this research was to investigate the visual pollution of workshops in Qom city using Expert Choice software and then the occupational ranking was done in terms of visual pollution.

This study was a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study conducted in 670 trade units associated with 67 urban trade unions. The data collection tools were local visits, database preparation and completion of a questionnaire based on urban-environmental aesthetic criteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual pollution caused by the occupations and workshops of Qom.

The results showed that, in terms of total visual pollution, the units of oil changes with a total score of 1, materials and construction materials with 0.988, Smoothies with 0.980, Mechanics with 0.973, ceramic makers with 0.944, Chips and grills with 0.933, mosaics with 0.914, carwash with 0.885, stones cutting with 0.872, carpet with 0.870, trowel and blacksmiths with 0.857, burners with 0.830, battery makers with 0.825, iron manufacturers with 0.872 and manufacturers of general blinds and blinds with 0.753 were inadequate.

In order to reduce the number of visually impaired businesses in the short term, continuous inspections of businesses must be undertaken and, in the long run, by organizing the program, the polluting industries must be transferred out of the city.

Traffic accidents are always a threat to the lives of all citizens. Most of these accidents occur in certain locations across cities. Identifying such points is the first and most important step in the process of inter-city road safety management. Qom city is one of the cities that are known as the most accident-prone cities in the country due to numerous accidents. More than 5,000 accidents are recorded annually in the city.

A library and a field method used to collect the required data. Library resources were used for the basics and theoretical framework of the research and in determining the routes and accident hotspots of the Qom city inquiring field information such as information provided by accidents by Rahvar Police and Forensic Medicine of Qom Province for the years 1395 to 1397. To analyze the data, the method of accident data coefficient method and crash density estimation coefficient in Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied to identify accident hotspots in Qom city thoroughfares.

The findings of the first section show; Most accidents occur in the warm seasons of the year (29.5%), on Saturdays and Tuesdays (32.2%), as well as in the last hours of the day and the beginning of the night (25.5%). Among the accidents studied, motorcycles (46.3%) have the highest number of accidents. In terms of the location of accidents, the main thoroughfares of Qom's District 4 include Al-Ghadir Boulevards (with a coefficient of 3.127), the Islamic Republic (coefficient 2.82), Mohammad Amin (coefficient 1.009) and Shahid Sadoughi Street (1.432). As the most accident-prone boulevards in Qom. Also, not paying attention to the front view was the most important cause of accidents (24.8%).

All roundabouts and intersections having a higher coefficient of accidents, special routes for high-speed buses, and squares were identified as the hotspots. Further technical studies and appropriate measures are recommended for alleviating the magnitude of these hotspots

Plasmid mediated AmpC β-lactamase resistance in Escherichia coli is an emerging problem worldwide. Phenotypic methods are commonly used for detection of resistance production in Gram-negative isolates, but molecular data about the prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC-type resistance at the national level are needed. Hence, a prospective study was undertaken to determine of antibiotic resistance and detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from Patients of Vali-e-Asr hospital in Qom city.

In this cross-sectional, descriptive study (conducted between 20 March and 20 May, 2016), 61 specimens of E. coli were collected from patients visiting Vali-e-asr Hospital in Qom, Iran, using conventional microbiological methods. To determine antibiotic resistance of the specimens, antibiogram obtained from disk diffusion test was used. Then, the screened strains were examined for PCR amplification of (CITM, FOX)-type plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases- producing genes. The results were analyzed by using SPSS software.

Among 61 E. coli specimens, 54 specimens (88.5%) were associated with urine and the rest (11.5%) with blood. In terms of gender, 49 patients (80.3%) were female and 12 patients (19.7%) were male. Among the specimens, the highest and least antibiotic resistance was observed against amoxicillin and imipenem, respectively. Resistance to ceftazidime was seen in 27 specimens (69.2%). From the results, CITM was identified in 7.4% of specimens, but FOX was not detected in specimens.

Results showed that the prescription of antibiotics for patients with plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases -producing strains not only did not stimulate recovery, but also led to the formation of resistant strains. In addition, the phenotypic methods do not produce the actual number of AmpC β-lactamase strains. Therefore, the conduction of genotypic studies in society leads to effective and faster treatment of patients, and prevents the spread of resistant bacterial isolates.

Iran is one of the disaster prone countries due to its geographical location and climate changes. Any relief to affected people will be difficult because earthquake occurs without previous alarms. The prediction of areas with the most damage will help to better management of the earthquake; therefore, this study conducted to assess casualties caused by earthquake based on the triage levels in Qom city.
The required data to determine the number and severity of injuries including the incident time and its related parameters and data related to structural studies and their damage level and population for each of structures extracted from GIS maps of Qom city, entered into Selena software, and analyzed
Findings: According to the data analysis, in the event of an earthquake in Qom city, most of the damages occur in the district sixth in all four levels and the lowest casualties and damages in the district eight. In addition, the greatest number of injuries is at level three and at 2 a.m.
Findings: One of the effective ways to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes is to predict the number of possible injuries and to provide facilities and equipment due to the region with the most conflict in terms of the number of affected people.

One of the major goals of policy makers is planning for facilitating population access to health services. In this regard, the study entitled “modeling geographical access to medical laboratory services in Iran” was conducted and the detailed methodology and geographical accessibility model were reported. The present article is a case study of the application of the model in Qom, Iran.
The study units included medical laboratories located within the city borders. Data were analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS). Spatial analysis performed using the ArcGIS software.
There were 53 medical laboratories including 25 laboratories outside of hospitals and clinics in Qom. According to the model of geographical access to medical laboratory services, the sites for new laboratories were identified for Qom. The model indicated that an estimation of 7306 square meters - in the horizontal expansion of the city- for possible establishment of 35 new medical laboratories outside of the hospitals and clinics is required.
It is possible to use the geographical accessibility model for site selection in many cities, but the accuracy of selected sites should be confirmed with field visits and opinions of local experts, because some factors such as economic and legal issues influences the possibility of the usage of proposed lands.

Lack of proper management, increasing waste production and non-normative disposal of waste in addition to misspend the national capital, cause loss of precious natural resources. To address this problem we need a coherent and dynamic management program. The goal of this project is to reduce environmental pollution, cost saving, promoting citizen participation, revenue and reduce land loss.
In this study, check lists, interviews and field report were used to collect data at period of one year. To determine the waste components, sampling technique was used then sampling data was imported into Excel software and was analyzed.
At the beginning of the project, the average per capita of generated waste was 580 g/day and at the end of the project will 660 g/day. The waste materials determined as %66.8 putrescible, %4.3 paper and cardboard, %7.2 plastic, %2.3 glass, %2 textiles, %0.2 metals, %1.6 wood, and also, hospital waste was equal to 4400 Kg. According to estimates made annual cost of solid waste management services per capita in Qom is 70 Rial and the cost of collection, transportation, separation and disposal of garbage for every Kilogram per day is 280 Rial.
Amount of waste per capita in Qom was less than of Tehran, Delijan and Mallayer cities, and more than Esfahan and Kashan cities. Hospital waste was desirable as compared to the average of Iran.

According to the existing documents a major portion of municipal solid wastes in Iran is being land filled and small portion of this material is recycled، while the municipal waste management in developing countries has moved towards source separation and recycling. This research was conducted by the purpose of estimating Qom municipal solid waste recycling potential and cost benefit،s in a 20-year vision since 2006. This Research is a cross-sectional study. Firstly، according to the reports given by waste management organization in Qom city، dry solid waste recycling in 2006 and 2011 was estimated. Then two scenarios consisted of 20 and 60 percents of recycling were estimated to process the solid waste in 2011 and 2028 for enhancing recycling level، and then cost benefit of them was determined The average of produced solid waste was 718 ton per day in Qom city in 2011. Due to this producing process in 1407 we will have 1145 ton solid waste per day in this city. Daily economic benefit of dry solid waste recycling in 2011 was 15801520 Rials. If the recycling programs promotes، this benefit can be increased to 63211640 and 189664400 Rials for 20 to 60%recycling level. Despite of 21 % potential for dry solid waste recycling in Qom city، nowadays about 5% of this substances are recycling. By upgrading the plan for 10 to 20 years، amount of economic benefit can be increased to 4 to 12 times.