جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « rural population » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

While the broad issue of food security has generally received attention of the researchers, the particularities in hills and mountains has remained neglected. Thus, to provide some insights on food insecurity regarding mountain specificities, the current study aims to evaluate household food access of indigenous hill people in Meghalaya, India.

Food access is a measure of household’s ability to acquire available food over a given period.  In the current study, a sample of 900 people from indigenous population were randomly selected from rural Khasi, Garo and Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya. Household food access was explored with the following indicators: household wealth and income; household dietary diversity score (HDDS), and food consumption score (FCS). Data collection was done during December, 2019 to September, 2020.

The sample households are characterised by the predominance of marginal farmers (93% to 97%). Most of them were in the category of borderline food security with the FCS of between 21.5 to 35.0. Starchy staples were considered the main component of their diet. Their dietary diversity was significantly correlated with income (correlation coefficient=0.22) and wealth (correlation coefficient=0.38) at 0.01 level of significance.

As dietary diversity at household is related to income and wealth, scarcity of income and wealth regarding indigenous hill population was an obvious reason for poor dietary diversity and the resultant poor dietary quality at the household level. To increase local food production and improve dietary diversity of indigenous hill people, revitalizing and strengthening local food systems is of great significance.

Aging leads to bodily changes and impairment of functional capacity in older adults. The objective was to analyze the association between socio-demographic and health data, cognitive impairment, and risk of sarcopenia with functional capacity in older adults enrolled in the Family Health Strategies in the rural area of the municipality of Picos, Piauí, Brazil.

Methods & Materials: 

 This is a quantitative and cross-sectional study that was developed with 320 older adults attending the Family Health Strategies located in the rural area of Picos, Piauí, Brazil. The participants were people 60 years old, registered in the Family Health Strategies, and living in a rural area. Data was collected in the older adults’ homes using the following instruments: Demographic profile, Self-reported illnesses, Mini-Mental State Examination, Barthel Index, Lawton and Brody Scale, and SARC-F.

It was found that 70% had cognitive impairment, 53.8% were at risk of sarcopenia, with a mean of 93.72 (SD=11.84) points for basic activities daily living, and 77.8% with partial dependence for instrumental activities daily living with a mean of 16.79 (SD=3.79) points. In the multivariate multiple regression, it was identified that there was an association between Basic Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living with age (p<0.001), number of children (p=0,025), education (p=0.003), monthly income (p=0.018), number of diseases (p<0.001), sarcopenia (p<0.001) and cognitive status (p<0.001).

A high prevalence of functional disability was identified in elderly people living in the rural area of ​​Picos, Piauí, Brazil. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to factors associated with dependence on daily activities.

Due to the special economic and social situation of the rural environment, the rural elderly are at risk of reducing their quality of life compared to the urban elderly. This study aimed to investigate the quality of life and its determining factors among rural elderly in the southern counties of Fars province.
Instruments &

In this survey research, 825 people were selected by cluster sampling method among the elderly population of Lamard and Mehr cities in the south of Fars province in 2021. Data were collected using a questionnaire that measured the different dimensions of quality of life, as well as its determinants and then were analyzed by the step-by-step regression method.

Children and spouses were the most important sponsors of rural elderly. About 80% of the elderly felt lonely, and about three-quarters felt satisfied with their health. About 45% in physical health and mental psychological health, and about 48% in social-environmental status, have a high quality of life.

Feeling of loneliness and cost of living are two important factors in reducing the quality of life and health of rural elderly. Also, the financial support of children and the acquisition of housing plays an important role in increasing the quality of life of the rural elderly.

Current evidence shows inequality in the outcomes of rural and urban patients treated at their place of residence. This study compared in-hospital mortality between rural and urban patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to find whether there were differences in the outcome and received treatment.

Between May 2007 and January 2018, patients admitted with ACS were included. The patients’ demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, as well as their in-hospital medical courses, were recorded. The association between place of residence (rural/urban) and in-hospital mortality due to ACS was evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

Of 9088 recruited patients (mean age =61.30±12.25 y; 5557 men [61.1%]), 838 were rural residents. A positive family history of coronary artery disease (P=0.003), smoking (P=0.002), and hyperlipidemia (P=0.026), as well as a higher body mass index (P=0.013), was seen more frequently in the urban patients, while the rural patients had lower education levels (P<0.001) and higher unemployment rates (P=0.009). In-hospital mortality occurred in 135 patients (1.5%): 10 rural (1.2%) and 125 urban (1.5%) patients (P=0.465). The Firth regression model, used to adjust the effects of possible confounders, showed no significant difference concerning in-hospital mortality between the rural and urban patients (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.376 to 7.450; P=0.585).

This study found no significant differences in receiving proper treatment and in-hospital mortality between rural and urban patients with ACS.

Hearing impairment is the most common otolaryngologic manifestation of aging.

Few studies have focused on Hearing Loss (HL) in the Iranian “normal” elderly population. This study aimed to evaluate audiological problems in the normal elderly people of the rural areas of Rasht City in the north of Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. The elderly population was selected using the multistage random cluster sampling technique. The study participants were invited for otolaryngologic examination and recording Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA).

Of 412 elderly subjects over 65 years (52.8% male, 47.2% female, Mean±SD age: 73.5±6.99 years), 137 (33.2%) participants complained of HL, and only 1.2% were hearing aid users. Of the 324 cases that underwent audiological testing, sensorineural HL (SNHL) was detected in 290 (89.5%), conductive HL in 13 (4.01%), mixed HL in one (0.3%), and normal hearing in 20 (6.17%) cases. SNHL was mild in 173 (59.65%), moderate in 90 (31.0%), and severe to profound in 27 (9.31%) subjects. High-frequency SNHL was observed in 247 (76.23%), flat HL in 53 (16.35%), and low-frequency HL in 4 (1.23%) cases. Clinically, almost 23% (audiologically 40%) of the explored elders presented significant HL needing rehabilitation; however, only one in 19 used hearing aids. The SNHL was more frequent in men than women (53.2% vs. 46.8%; P=0.023). Diabetes mellitus did not significantly correlate with SNHL.

This study indicated a high frequency of hearing impairment with minimal ENT consultation and hearing aids among the elderly population in the study area.

The problem of the prevailing occurrence of hypertension and diabetes cases quickly took the world by storm. Rural areas became even more exposed to the negative issues associated with these health conditions due to the lack of a skilled workforce and educational programs for patients. Within the framework of the current paper, the researcher utilized the data from two mission trips in Thomonde, Haiti, to gain more insight into chronic health issues among rural Haitian residents. This study employed a retrospective analytical cross-sectional retrospective, descriptive design utilizing data obtained from two mission trips in Thomonde, Haiti in the areas of Palmay, Savane Plate, and La Hoye. The information was analyzed with the help of the SPSS software. A total of 403 adult patient visits across the three sites and two visits were included in the analysis. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (25.8%) was the most common diagnosis found in the rural Haitian communes among adults in the total sample (N = 403), followed by Hypertension (16.8%) and Dehydration (13.9%). Among women, significant differences were found by location for pregnancy. The greatest number of pregnancies were observed in La Hoye (19.0%). The core implication of these findings was the significance of disseminating knowledge across rural areas while conducting similar retrospective studies to check progress. Real-life application of relevant knowledge could be beneficial for both patients and care providers operating in rural locations that are the hardest to reach.

The prevalence of the cardio-metabolic risk factors is rapidly increasing amongst the children and adolescents and is a topic of concern due to their induced risk of development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in adulthood. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of the cardio-metabolic risk factors associated with sociodemographic variables amongst the teenagers of rural population in India.

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 405 teenagers (13-19 years old) in a rural population of central India. The data on the socio-demographic variables and cardio metabolic risk factors were collected using a predesigned proforma. The blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) of the subjects were also recorded. Blood samples were collected for lipid profile and blood sugar. Data was analyzed with the Epi Info software version 6.04.

A total of 405 subjects were studied, of whom 182 were male and 223 were female.  The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 9.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.3-13.1]. The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, including low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), were found to be 58.3% (95% CI: 53.4-63.0) and 13.8% (95% CI: 10.7-17.5), respectively. 2.2% of the teenagers had a waist circumference (WC) more than the cut off (> 90th</sup> percentile), while high blood pressure was found in 24.40% (95% CI: 18.6-26.7), i.e. ></span> 90th</sup> percentile for age, sex, and height. Similarly, risk factors such as obesity and overweight were found significant (P < 0. 05) in teenagers with family history of obesity.

Cardiometabolic risk factors is slowly extending to rural areas. Therefore, early detection of these risk factors can be an attempt to prevent or delay the metabolic syndromes, DM, and CVDs. 

Context: The high incidence of unplanned pregnancy among adolescents is a significant public health issue contributing to maternal and child mortality. This review aimed at identifying risk factors influencing unplanned pregnancy and measures applied by nurses to provide quality healthcare services to rural adolescents. Evidence Acquisition: We conducted a narrative review on risk factors influencing unplanned pregnancy and measures taken by nurses to provide quality healthcare services to adolescents. An ecological model was adopted in guiding the analysis. The data source were the research and review articles published in peer-reviewed journals using PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. We hired two independent reviewers for data extraction. Initially, the records of 843 articles were assessed, out of which 60 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, hence included in the review. The model recognizes multiple levels of influence on health behaviours, including intrapersonal factors (individual’s educational status, sexual activity and contraceptives use), interpersonal factors (poor parent-adolescent communication, influence of peers and media), organizational factors (sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education and services), contextual factors (socio-cultural norms), and public policy (which provides no accessibility to quality SRH services for adolescents). Youthfriendly SRH education and services were some of the identified Nurses’ roles in preventing unplanned pregnancy among rural adolescents. The review identified five major risk factors influencing unplanned pregnancy among rural adolescents, namely educational level, use of contraceptives, peer influence, quality of sexuality education, and availability of youth-friendly SRH services. Roles of nurses in providing quality healthcare services to rural adolescents for the prevention and management of unplanned pregnancy were discussed.

To date, there is no data available of health literacy of the population in Kazakhstan. This study was aimed to assess the health literacy of the rural population for the development of the targeted health education programs.

The adapted HLS-EU-Q47 survey was carried out among 1650 respondents aged 18-76 from rural settlements in Almaty region of Kazakhstan in 2013. The health literacy competences to assess, understand, appraise and apply health information on healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion were measured. The associations between the health literacy competencies and demographic and socio-economic characteristics were shown through a multiple linear regression analysis.

The overall health literacy rate of the rural population of Almaty region was problematic and inadequate. With regards to their age, sex, social and economic characteristics, the health literacy competencies differ according to health literacy domain. Respondents with low education level or perceived social status had respectively low health literacy scores, especially in appraising and applying information of disease prevention.

Low educated people and with lower income have lower health literacy in comparison to respondents with higher education level and higher income. Respondents with higher health literacy have higher rate of self-assessed health.

Provider perceptions about patient candidacy for kidney transplant (KT) are potentially significant contributors to disparities in KT. To examine nephrologists’ perceptions about factors that are important in excluding patients from KT referral, and to analyze the association between these perceptions and nephrologists’ demographic and practice characteristics. Invitations were sent to 3180 nephrologists. Among those who consented, 822 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 250 were randomly invited to complete a questionnaire about perceptions of factors essential in deciding not to refer patients for KT. Responses from 216 participants with complete responses were analyzed. The 3 most common reasons for excluding patients were “patient’s inadequate social support” (44%), “limited understanding of the process due to patient’s inadequate education” (32%), and “patient’s age above 65” (26%). Nephrologists practicing in rural settings were more likely to consider inadequate support and limited education of patients as reasons not to refer for KT. In multivariate analysis, physicians with 2 or fewer transplant centers within 50 miles were more likely to report inadequate social support (OR: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.59–6.24) and age greater than 65 years (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.01–3.49) as reasons to exclude patients from KT referral. Nephrologists whose practice included patients majority of whom had not completed high school were more likely to consider limited understanding due to inadequate education as an important reason to exclude patients from KT (OR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.60–6.86). Patient’s social support, understanding, and age were the most common factors regarded by nephrologists as important in not referring patients for KT evaluation. Practice location, particularly rural setting, proximity to a transplant center, and the education level of a nephrologist’s patient population were important determinants of referral for KT.

Aging is a natural and physiological process. Moreover, balance disorders frequently occur in the elderly and cause many morbidities in this population. 

The present study aimed to evaluate balance disorders and their related factors in the healthy elderly population of the rural areas of Guilan province, in the north of Iran.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 425 individuals over 65 years old were selected by random cluster sampling method from the villages of Rasht, the capital city of Guilan province. After obtaining written consent, the subjects were examined for balance disturbance through gait and balance adjusted scale (GABS) index. The obtained results were reported as frequency. We applied the Mann-Whitney U test and non-parametric regression analysis for non-normally distributed dependent variables. The obtained data were analyzed in software version 18.

The Mean±SD score of GABS was 10.07±8.00 [median (IQR):7(10.5)]. A total of 425 individuals were selected, but 413 completed the research (218 males and 195 females). In total, 73.1% of the subjects reported at least one disorder among the investigated parameters, and 45.2% mentioned a disorder in at least one of the studied parameters in medical history. By modified GABS; 42.2% of the subjects reported disorders in at least one of the investigated parameters. 

Nearly half of the elderly population in the rural areas of the north of Iran suffer from balance disorder. This data was obtained by their medical history and physical examinations.

This study aimed to identify the characteristics of item nonresponse and examine the factors affecting the refusal or failure to respond of patients with chronic disease in rural China. A cross-sectional survey data from patients with chronic disease from rural China were analyzed. A total of 1,099 patients were enrolled. Chi-square test and cumulative logistic regression determined the predictors of having item nonresponse. The respondents in central provinces (OR = 2.311, 95%CI = 0.532~1.144, P < 0.001) with over eight household members (OR = 0.067, 95%CI = -1.632~-0.349, P = 0.002), multiple chronic diseases (OR = 0.301, 95%CI = -1.673~-0.727, P < 0.001), and low health knowledge level (OR = 2.112, 95%CI = 0.405~1.090, P < 0.001) had more item nonresponse numbers. Compared with the participants with high school education level and above, the item nonresponse number seemed to increase when the participants were illiterate (OR = 2.159, 95%CI = 0.254~1.285, P = 0.003), had primary school education (OR = 2.161, 95%CI = 0.249~1.294, P = 0.004) and junior school education (OR = 2.070, 95%CI = 0.160~1.296, P = 0.012). This study indicates the influencing factors of the item nonresponse in survey of patients with chronic disease in rural China. This study contributes to investigation practice and highlights that health institutions should improve the quality of follow-up services. Moreover, the government should pay more attention to the care of vulnerable groups, especially patients with chronic disease in rural areas.

Hypertension is an important treatable public health problem both globally and in India with an increasing prevalence significantly in both urban and rural population. It is one of the leading causes of adult mortality and morbidity, but poorly controlled hypertension remains a major health problem.

The objective of this study was to find out awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among study population and association of hypertension awareness with sociodemographic factors, if any.

This study was conducted from May 2013 to April 2014 in the rural community of Singur block, West Bengal. Data were collected with respect to sociodemographic characteristics as well as records related to hypertension such as awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Blood pressure (BP) measurement of individuals aged 20 years and above of both sexes was done. Pearson's Chi-square test was performed to find out the association between the categorical variables. SPSS 19.00 software was used for analysis.

Nearly 48.2% of the participants were aware of their elevated BP; 47.1% of the participants were taking pharmacological treatment, mostly allopathic and only 8.8% had their BP under control. A statistically significant association was found between age, education, and socioeconomic status (per capita income) with awareness of hypertension.

Lack of awareness of the disease and very low rate of control of hypertension among those who were treated became the major issues. These findings emphasize the need for dissemination of knowledge about the disease and counseling of the patients during treatment continuation.