جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « screening test » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Neonate screening is a preventative measure that can contribute to early diagnosis of treatable diseases. Hypothyroidism in neonates is among the common preventable factors leading to intellectual disability. This study aims to describe the prevalence and experience with four-step screening to diagnose congenital hypothyroidism. The statistical population of this cross-sectional study included 392 preterm neonates (gestational ages less than 36 weeks and 6 days) in 2018-2019 from the health centers covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran) who had been referred for screening. Neonates were screened in the first 3-6 days after birth and then on days 14, 42, and 72. In neonates with TSH serum levels of 10 mU/L, TSH-T4 was measured. Next, the physician decided on the medication based on the results. At the primary screening of the neonates average TSH level was 2.08 ± 2.4 mU/L. Thirty-three neonates (8.4%) indicated disrupted screening results. The secondary screening of 388 neonates (98.97%) revealed an average TSH serum level of 1.9 ± 1.96 mU/L, and 19 (5.9%) indicated TSH serum levels higher than 5 (mU/L). The third screening test was performed on 382 (97.44%) of the neonates. The average TSH level was 1.3 ± 2.4 mU/L, 340 (85.96%) indicated normal levels, and 42 (11.47%) had unfavorable results. Finally, the fourth screening test was performed on 373 (95.15%) neonates. The mean TSH level was 2.21 ± 1.9 mU/L, which revealed 24 (6.12%) unfavorable test results. The percentage of hypothyroidism in neonates was 5.6% (23 cases).  In this study, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was 4.33% (17 cases) in girls and 1.53% (6 cases) in boys.    The results of this study revealed the high incidence rate of congenital hypothyroidism among preterm neonates. Therefore, preventing congenital hypothyroidism misdiagnosis requires a series of screening tests. Also, findings indicated that the results of screening tests for preterm neonates with prolonged GAs and higher birth weights are more accurate and reliable.

Context: 

The number of people with dementia is increasing dramatically. With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital screening tests can play a significant role in the remote and timely detection of people with dementia. This study aimed to review digital cognitive tests for dementia screening.

We searchedWeb of Science, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane using related terms such as “dementia,” “mobile,” “digital,” “computer,” and “cognitive assessment,” leading to the emergence of 1,348 articles. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened to select the relevant articles based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Study characteristics and digital test features such as diagnostic performance and deploying platforms were extracted from selected articles. The risk of bias and reporting quality were evaluated in the included studies.

Out of 1,348 identified articles, 32 were eligible for inclusion. We categorized digital cognitive tests into 3 groups based on deploying platforms: 1) Mobile-based screening tests (59.5%), 2) desktop-based screening tests (28%), and 3) web-based screening tests (12.5%).

Digital cognitive tests, especially mobile-based screening tests, facilitate the timely diagnosis of dementia. The development of AI-based screening tests and the use of technologies such as virtual reality and chatbots will set a bright future in the early detection of dementia.

So far, there is no concrete consensus on using uterine Doppler measurements for predicting the adverse outcomes in the early stages of pregnancy between 6-14 weeks. Hence, the current study was planned to investigate the role of uterine artery Doppler in predicting the miscarriage in early pregnancy and to evaluate whether uterine artery Doppler indices abnormality is associated with a complicated pregnancy and adverse outcomes.

The present cross-sectional prospective study estimated the uterine artery Doppler of right and left uterine arteries and the mean of pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and systolic/diastolic (SD) ratio was obtained for each patient. The gestational age, at which the Doppler study was performed, was 6-14 weeks for all groups. Finally, the groups of normal and threatened miscarriage were followed up for the outcome up to 20 weeks of gestation.

There was a significant difference in the means of PI, RI, and S/D ratio among the three groups. However, PI was the only parameter which was significantly associated with the outcome of pregnancy. In addition, the cut-off value for PI was 2.64 at 91% sensitivity and 81% specificity for predicting miscarriage.

In general, uterine artery Doppler should be introduced as the routine screening test for identifying the women who could have an adverse pregnancy outcome for its effective management.

The study aims at the comparison and correlation of serum levels of fructosamine and erythrocyte Na+/ K+ ATPase in Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Non Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Non GDM).

A total of 326 samples were divided into 4 groups. Pregnant women between the age group of 20-40 years who gave samples for Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) were included as the subjects. Anonymized and left over fasting and 2 hours’ samples were collected from biochemistry laboratory, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal.

In the comparison of fructosamine levels in GDM and Non GDM, fructosamine was found to be significant (p value<0.001) in both fasting and 2 hours (G2) blood glucose condition. Na+/ K+ ATPase did not show any significant variation between the groups. Correlation was not significant between the parameters.

Fructosamine showed significant increase when compared between the groups, whereas significant correlation is not obtained between the parameters. Thus, the use fructosamine as a diagnosis tool becomes inconclusive. Further studies must be carried out to identify a marker which reduces the interferences observed in fructosamine and to find out the exact relationship between hyperglycaemia and Na+/ K+ ATPase activity.

Speech and language therapists (SLTs) require proper tools to detect dysphagia in the early stages. One of these screening tools is the Northwestern Dysphagia Patient Check Sheet (NDPCS). However, this tool needs to be adapted, validated, and shown to be reliable for the Persian culture. The aim of the present study was to report the validity and reliability of the Persian NDPCS (P-NDPCS).
The NDPCS has 28 items and five sections. Beaton’s guidelines were followed in terms of the translation process. To report the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR), eight SLTs experienced in swallowing disorders examined the content and face validities of the P-NDPCS in terms of the quality of translation, fluency, understandability, and the cultural context. In total, 140 patients with neurogenic and mechanical dysphagia were evaluated using the P-NDPCS. Internal consistency reliability was investigated using the Kuder–Richardson formula 20. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for test-retest reliability.
The P-NDPCS preserved the 28 items and the five categories of the original version. However, semantic and food adjustments were applied due to cultural differences. The scoring system was changed from safe/unsafe to yes/no for four subsections and to normal/abnormal for the oromotor section. Food requirements were also changed. The CVR and CVI were both 75%. The P-NDPCS was shown to have good content validity. The internal reliability was 0.95, indicating excellent reliability.
The equivalence between the original version of the NDPCS and the P-NDPCS was preserved. Our findings indicate that the P-NDPCSis a valid and reliable screening tool for the diagnosis of dysphagia in the early phase.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most important risk factors in cardiovascular disorders considered as a common clinical and public health problem. Early diagnosis can reduce the burden of the disease. Decision tree, as an advanced data mining method, can be used as a reliable tool to predict T2DM.
This study aimed to present a simple model for predicting T2DM using decision tree modeling.
This analytical model-based study used a part of the cohort data obtained from a database in Healthy Heart House of Shiraz, Iran. The data included routine information, such as age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), family history of diabetes, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which were obtained from the individuals referred for gathering baseline data in Shiraz cohort study from 2014 to 2015. Diabetes diagnosis was used as binary datum. Decision tree technique and J48 algorithm were applied using the WEKA software (version 3.7.5, New Zealand). Additionally, Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve and Area Under Curve (AUC) were used for checking the goodness of fit.
The age of the 11302 cases obtained after data preparation ranged from 18 to 89 years with the mean age of 48.1 ± 11.4 years. Additionally, 51.1% of the cases were male. In the tree structure, blood pressure and age were placed where most information was gained. In our model, however, gender was not important and was placed on the final branch of the tree. Total precision and AUC were 87% and 89%, respectively. This indicated that the model had good accuracy for distinguishing patients from normal individuals.
The results showed that T2DM could be predicted via decision tree model without laboratory tests. Thus, this model can be used in pre-clinical and public health screening programs.

As there is no standard aphasia screening tool for Azeri language yet, the aim of this study was to develop an aphasia screening test with acceptable validity and reliability.
The present study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, by literature search, the screening test was designed and to obtain validity it was peer reviewed by expert panel. After collecting experts’ ratings and comments, appropriate modifications were applied. For test-retest reliability in the second phase, edited test was administered in 32 patients with brain injuries, then the retest was performed two weeks later.
The developed test had eight subscales including: A) picture description, B) syntax, C) linguistic reasoning, D) descriptive naming, E) perception of minimal pairs, F) comprehensive vocabulary, G) expressive vocabulary, H) verbal fluency. Each section had five questions except verbal fluency which had 3 items. Content validity ratio (CVR) according to Lawshe’s approach, was 82% for the whole test. Intraclass correlation for all subscales were more than 0.8. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal reliability was 0.901.
This aphasia screening test seems to have acceptable psychometric properties. This test can probably be used in clinical setting by specialists.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that onset in the first 3 years of life and led to lifelong disability. Despite the early onset of symptoms, diagnosis of thissyndromedoes not happenuntil severalyears later, somany childrenlosethe opportunityfor earlyintervention. There arevarious toolsforscreening anddiagnosis, buttheirdesign, strengths and weaknesses aredifferent. The aim of this study was assess these tools from various aspects to provide a comprehensive view. This study is a narrative literature review on screeningtoolsof autism. Comprehensive searches of the scientific literature were conducted in textbooks and 8 electronic databases (proquest, wiley, google scholar, SID, Scopus, Web of Science، Science Direct، and Medline) and Pediatric book. language restriction (Persian and English) was applied. The search strategy consisted of keywords and medical subject headings for autism and various screening tests. In this study, 28 screening tests were identified from 1992 to 2014. CHAT is oldest test and the most recent test is CAST The minimum age that can perform the screening is six months that related to ITC. Minimum time of testing was 5 minutes for CHAT and the maximum time was 90-120 minutes for ASIEP-3. RAADS-R test was the highest specificity and specificity (100%) and the lowest specificity was 14% in ESAT test The results of this study indicate that any of the autism screening tools consider specific skill and various aspects of the disease, careful evaluation is need to choose proper test.