جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « self confidence » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is among the pervasive disorders in childhood, which influences various aspects of life, such as education, social relations, and life satisfaction. Hyperactive children have a lot of disservice and harassment, and this harassment causes their parents and teachers to blame them or punish them physically and verbally. This blame and punishment put their self–confidence at a real risk. Low or poor self–esteem is associated with depressive disorders, defiance disorders, phobias, and trophic disorders. Play therapy is one of the remedial methods. Game is an opportunity to express the feelings and experiences of children through which you can detect their unconsciousness indirectly. Play therapy, directly and indirectly, encourages self–elicitation. So, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of play therapy based on the parent–child relationship on the level of self–confidence and aggression of children with ADHD.

The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all the mothers of students with ADHD in the first grade of elementary schools in Hamadan City, Iran, in the academic year 2019–2020. A total of 30 mothers were selected from the mentioned statistical population and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people (experimental and control). The experimental group underwent ten 60–minute sessions of play therapy based on the parent–child relationship, but this training was not implemented for the control group. The research tools included the play therapy protocol based on the parent–child relationship (Landerth and Bratton, 2006) and three standard tools, including the Conners Parent Rating Scale–Revised Short Form (CPRS–R) (Conners, 1997), the Eysenck's Self–confidence Scale (Eysenck, 1976), and the Aggression Scale (Bass & Perry, 1992). Data analysis was done in SPSS version 23 using covariance analysis. The significance level of the tests was 0.05.

The results showed that play therapy based on parent–child relationships was significantly effective on the level of self–confidence and aggression of children with ADHD. So, it caused a significant increase in self–confidence (p<0.001) and a significant decrease in aggression (p<0.001) in the experimental group. The Eta squared of self–confidence and aggression was obtained as 0.804 and 0.917, respectively, indicating the considerable effect of play therapy based on the parent–child relationship on increasing self–confidence and reducing aggression in children with ADHD.

According to the results of this study, play therapy based on the parent–child relationship is recommended as a good way to improve the level of self–confidence and aggression of children with ADHD.

Adolescence is one of the most important stages of human life. This period provides growth opportunities both physically and spiritually in terms of cognitive and social adequacy, independence, and self-esteem. Among the problems frequently seen among students and teenagers is the inability to direct their learning and face academic problems. Among these problems is academic self-regulation. Self-regulation consists of two factors: self-cognition and motivation. Self-cognition consists of two parts: self-control and planning. The motivational factor consists of self-efficacy and effort. The formation of self-discipline depends not just on the individual's will, and various factors can be involved, including self-confidence. Different psychological elements influence students' academic and educational performance; among them is psychological toughness, and today, they have a valuable place in the studies of psychologists. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychological toughness training on self-confidence and academic self-discipline of second-year high school boys.

The present research method was quasi-experimental, employing a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all students referred to the Psychological Counseling Center of the Department of Education in 2021-2022 to solve educational and psychological problems. An available random sampling method was used to select the research sample. In this research, after the announcement of the call from among the volunteer students who wanted to participate in the project and qualified to enter the meetings, 30 eligible male students who obtained the lowest scores in the Self-Confidence and Academic Self-Regulation questionnaire were selected. By random assignment method, 15 people were assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The research tools included the Eysenck Self-Confidence Scale (Eysenck & Wilson, 1976) and the Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Ryan & Connell, 1989). After the pretest, psychological toughness training interventions were implemented in ten 60-minute sessions, and at the end of the sessions, the subjects of each group were given a posttest. The data were analyzed using SPSS22 software and multivariate covariance analysis at a significance level 0.05.

The results showed that the average self-confidence scores in the experimental group after removing the pretest effect were higher in the posttest compared to the control group (p=0.021). Also, the average academic self-regulation scores in the experimental group after removing the effect of the pretest increased in the posttest compared to the control group (p=0.024).

Based on the research findings, psychological toughness intervention effectively increases students' self-confidence and internal self-regulation.

Spinal cord injury causes a huge social and economic burden on the society. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of selected program of walking with support on a treadmill and eye exercises on the energy consumption, self-confidence and quality of life factors of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with targeted and available sampling method. The study population consisted of all spinal cord injury patients with incomplete paraplegia (C-D) referring to Hana charity center in Isfahan province, of which 30 people were selected in a targeted and accessible way. The sample group was randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, the experimental group with an average age of 34.40 ± 2.87 years and the control group with an average age of 33.93±3.34 years. The experimental group participated in 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week, in training sessions that started from 45 and reached 90 minutes in the last sessions. The collection tools in this research were: Energy Consumption Index, Eyseng Self-Confidence and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

The results of repeated measure analysis of variance showed that 12 weeks of the selected program of walking with support on the treadmill and eye exercises had a significant effect on the energy consumption test with mean of 1.52±0.88, (p=0.002, Eta=0.28, F=59.28), self-confidence Test with mean of 12.00±  4.10 (p = 0.001, Eta= 0.68,  F= 63.11) and quality of life factors with mean of 48.76± 12.70 (p = 0.001, U= 25.00) of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients.

12 weeks of a selected program of walking with support on a treadmill and eye exercises have positive and significant effects on the energy consumption, self-confidence and quality of life factors of paraplegic spinal cord injury patients. Therefore,so it is suggested that these exercises improve the physical and mental condition of spinal cord injury patients. Paraplegia should be used in medical centers.

Mindfulness training is useful for strengthening and improving learning prerequisites. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of web-based mindfulness training on academic self-regulation, self-confidence and self-efficacy of nursing students.

This study was conducted with a semi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test stages and experimental and control groups. The statistical population of all nursing students of Mazandaran Islamic Azad University in the academic year 2021-2022, which was assigned in a targeted way, 40 people in two experimental groups (20 people) and control group (20 people). The measurement tools were the self-regulation questionnaires of Bouffard et al., the self-confidence of Mehri et al., and the self-efficacy of Sherer and Maddox. In order to analyze the data, descriptive tests such as mean, standard deviation, and one- and two-variable covariance analysis tests were used.

The findings showed that at the confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05), mindfulness training was effective on each of the variables of academic self-regulation, self-confidence and self-efficacy of nursing students, and the first effect on self-efficacy (size effect: 0.91), then on academic self-regulation (effect size: 0.71) and finally on self-confidence (effect size: 0.39).

Mindfulness training is one of the effective ways to increase the level of academic self-regulation, self-confidence and self-efficacy of nursing students.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on sexual self-esteem, sexual self-expression and self-confidence in prostituted women. The method of the present research was semi-experimental and applied, with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up phase. The statistical population included all prostitutes with files in the women's rehabilitation center of Kermanshah welfare organization in 1400-1401, 60 people were selected from the mentioned population by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to four equal groups, 15 people in each group. They were replaced and selected through entry and exit criteria. The Yang et al. 2013) Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and statistical assumptions, including the Kolmograph-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wills test, Levin test, Box test, and Machelli's sphericity test using Spss24 software. The results showed that the F value of the within-subject effects of time and group interaction and time and group effects in the variables of sexual schema, sexual self-expression, sexual self-esteem, and self-belief are significant and the scores of the experimental groups are compared with the control group in the post-test phase and Follow-up is improved. The mean scores of sexual schema variables and sexual self-expression in the schema therapy groups in the post-test and follow-up stages had a significant change compared to the pre-test stage. Also, both schema therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness were effective on sexual self-esteem, and schema therapy and cognitive therapy were effective on the self-esteem variable.

 The management of medical emergencies in dentistry is an important issue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and performance of Ahvaz dental students regarding medical emergencies in the dental office.

Methods and material: 

The present study was a descriptive study that evaluated 202 dental students. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of 21 questions, which was prepared using other similar researches. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by the opinion of 5 specialists in the field of oral medicine. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by calculating the Cronbach coefficient of 0.75 . This questionnaire consisted of three parts: awareness, attitude and self-confidence. Questionnaires were completed in person by referring to the educational departments. The data were analyzed with the help of SPSS 24 software and Anova Analytic test.

 Self-confidence of male students in emergency medical situations was more than that of female students and it was statistically significant. There was no significant difference between male and female students' awareness of medical emergencies such as foreign body aspiration, anaphylactic shock, seizures, etc. (p = 0.835), while this awareness had a significant difference based on the year of admission(p=001/0). The results showed that syncope was the most frequent among emergency conditions experienced by students.

 It seems that all students are weak in facing some serious emergency situations such as cardiopulmonary arrest, which requires high awareness and self-confidence to perform CPR, and the students of lower years lack sufficient knowledge about all emergency situations.

Exercise is good for improving the physical and mental health of people. The purpose of this study was to study of Effect of a regular exercise program on quality of life, Self Confidence and mental health in non-active veterans.

The present study is a quasi-experimental data collection method with a control group with pre-test and post-test. In this study, 30 inactive veterans of Khoy city were selected by available methods and randomly placed in two groups of control (15 people) and test (15 people) in a peer-to-peer manner. The experimental group performed regular exercise program for 32 weeks in 32 60-minute sessions, during which the control group performed daily routine activities. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, Eysenck Standard Self-Esteem Questionnaire and Goldberg Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used to collect data. To analyze the data, two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics were used. In the descriptive statistics section, frequency, central tendency indices and dispersion indices were used, and in the inferential statistics section, covariance analysis was used.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that the selected physical activity program has a positive and significant effect on quality of life, mental health and self-esteem of inactive veterans. (P≤ 0.05).

Physical activity will help veterans gain better self-confidence and mental health, improve their quality of life, and therefore be present in society in a better mood.

 Nurses should be able to make accurate and appropriate clinical judgments about the health status of patients by combining their technical skills and professional knowledge. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style in clinical decision-making with the mediation of self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence in the nursing staff of Rasht hospitals.

 This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using the structural equation model with the participation of 364 nurses of Intensive care units in Rasht hospitals. The sampling method was random cluster sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires including nurses' clinical decision making, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy in clinical practice, critical thinking style, and self-confidence. The structural equation modeling method used for data analysis by AMOS-22 software.

 Findings were the total path coefficient (sum of direct and indirect path coefficients) between emotional intelligence and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.442), between critical thinking style and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.335), between self-efficacy beliefs and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.325), between self-confidence and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.243) and the indirect effect between emotional intelligence (P<0.001, β=0.154), and critical thinking style (P<0.001, β=0.188) on the pattern of positive clinical decision-making and It was meaningful. Emotional intelligence, critical thinking, self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence explain a total of 59% of the variance of the decision-making pattern in nurses.

 The study showed that self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style with clinical decision-making among Rasht hospitals' nursing staff. Self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence increased the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style with clinical decision-making.

Epidemic diseases and their spread are considered a great threat to human health, which leads to adverse mental health effects due to the occurrence of severe changes in life, this study aims to explore the experience of stigma among medical staff. The frontline of the fight against Corona was done.

The present qualitative research was conducted using the hermeneutic phenomenological method, emphasizing Van Manen's method in Bo Ali Sina therapeutic training center in Qazvin city. This research lasted from the beginning of November to the beginning of February 1400, the participants were interviewed by purposeful sampling method until the data saturation stage was reached.

The study showed that the participants experienced three types of social stigma, dependent and self-stigma. First, 190 codes were extracted, and after reduction, elimination, and mergers, 130 initial codes remained finally, by analyzing the information, 8 classes, 63 sub-classes, and 4 within the topic of "own stigma, social stigma, the stigma of family and compatibility with the stigma It was extracted.

The participants in the study pointed out the reduction of cooperation in the workplace due to less exposure to patients with COVID, as well as changes in mood such as fear, stress, anxiety, and anger, and a decrease in self-confidence and feeling of shame, etc., caused by stigma.

Quality of life includes different dimensions of physical, mental and social health and comfort of people's lives and is affected by various factors. For this reason, this research was conducted with the aim of predicting emotional intelligence based on the quality of life of married people with the mediation of self-confidence in married women.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research included all married women living in Semnan who had referred to counseling centers. The sampling method was purposeful and based on entry and exit criteria, 384 people were selected based on Morgan's table. The data collection tools include Petrides and Farnham's standard emotional intelligence questionnaires, World Health Organization's quality of life, and Cooper Smith's standard self-confidence questionnaire. Data analysis was done using ANOVA and regression tests. Also, SPSS software, version 26 was used at a significance level of 0.05.

The results of the research showed that among the variable dimensions of self-confidence, the educational and occupational scale ranked first with 41.2%, the social scale ranked second with 34.4%, the family scale ranked third with 23.1% and the general scale. With 19.15%, they are in the fourth place and the lie scale with negative 18.9%, affecting the quality of life of married women. Therefore, the role of self-confidence dimensions is significant (p<0.05). The results of examining the effect of emotional intelligence on self-confidence in married women in the research model were 21.9%. Also, the beta value of the relationship between married people's quality of life and emotional intelligence was found to be 0.469 in the first model and 0.539 in the second model, and the moderating variable of self-confidence has an increasing role, and its value is 0.274, and the moderating role of confidence is breath was statistically significant (p<0.05).

According to the results, clients can be informed about how low self-confidence can add to their psychological problems and how they can overcome their psychological problems with emotional intelligence to increase their quality of life during marriage.

The students’ self-confidence level is a key factor affecting the success of endodontics learning. This study aimed to determine the confidence level of dental students who performing root canal treatment at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2021.

In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire including demographic information, endodontic experience, attitude toward confidence in performing different stages of root canal treatment, and suggestions for improving the quality of endodontic education was distributed to dentistry students of 54 5th and 6th-year in the last month of the academic semester. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson, and ANOVA tests (α = 0.05).

According to the results, from 49 dental students, 24.5% reported the first cases of root canal treatment to be severe. The lowest confidence was reported for finding all root canals in teeth with multiple root canals, preparing access cavity and understanding and managing root canal treatment risks. According to the results of chi-square analysis test, the total confidence score between 5th and 6th year students was not significantly different (p value = 0.648). Also, the relationship between general self-confidence and students' self-confidence level was not seen (p value = 0.372). There was no significant relationship between the Confidence level and age, academic year, the difficulty level of the first endodontic treatment, and number of endodontic treatments (p value > 0.05).

Students had lower self-confidence finding all the canals in multi-canal teeth, how to properly manage the treatment risks, and preparing the access cavity. Endodontics training should also be improved by increasing clinical sessions and using recent advances in endodontics.

Physical activity is a way to help people to acquire skills, knowledge and positive attitudes towards optimal growth, gaining general health and living happy moments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of general physical education classes on personality traits and mental well-being of female students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design and a control group. The target population included all female medical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The participants of the experimental group were selected from among the students who had taken the one-credit general physical education course while the participants of the control group had not taken the general physical education course. The students completed the Berne Reuters Personality Questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in two stages (first semester and end of semester). The general classes of the experimental group were conducted for 12 weeks and each week a 90-minute session was held from 8.30 am to 10 am. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and analysis of covariance.

The results showed that general physical education classes had a significant effect on all six personality traits studied and the students' mental well-being (happiness) (P=0.001). This period increased the traits of self-confidence, sociability and excellence and decreased the traits of nervousness, introversion and self-being of the participants and also increased the mental well-being of the experimental group (p<0.05).

Doing sports activities promotes personality traits and students' mental well-being.

The family is one of the main pillars of Islamic society and women play an important role in it. However, extramarital affairs, which are also considered adultery, can destroy the family structure. One of the essential teachings in Islamic culture is the use of spiritual and religious dimensions. Various studies have shown that personal characteristics play a major role in extramarital relationships. Impulsivity, which is one of the main structures of personality, along with low responsibility, is a strong predictor of extramarital relationships. For most people, infidelity is having sex with a third party outside of a marital relationship. Assertiveness means the ability to express feelings, opinions, and attitudes honestly and without feeling anxious. Since abstinence in everything, including sexual issues, requires the acquisition of "skills," one of the important issues is the training of sexual abstinence skills. Therefore, considering the effect of extramarital relationships on the family system, this study aimed to investigate the effect of sexual abstinence education based on Islamic teachings on impulsivity, assertiveness, infidelity, and self–confidence of women involved in extramarital relationships.

This research was conducted as a single–subject study with an ABA design. The statistical population of the study was all women involved in extramarital affairs who were referred to Saeedeh Institute of Mental Development and Counseling in Tehran city, Iran between July and September 2016. The sampling method was purposeful and 5 people were selected who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included being 25 years or older, holding a diploma or higher degree, and signing a written consent. The exclusion criteria included the presence of personality disorders, substance use, medication and cognitive–behavioral therapy up to three months before the study. Data collection tools were Eysenck Self–Confidence Questionnaire (Eysenck, 1977), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (Patton et al., 1995), Assertiveness Inventory for Adults (Gay et al., 1975), and Attitudes toward Infidelity Scale (Whatley, 2008). Before starting the treatment, to determine the baseline, the variables of impulsivity, assertiveness, infidelity, and self–confidence were tested (stage A). Then the training stage (stage B) was performed and during the training, the variables were measured, and finally, an evaluation was performed for follow–up (stage A). The treatment protocol was prepared and evaluated by Kheirkhah (2021). After preparing the initial draft of the techniques and steps of the treatment, the intervention sessions were reviewed at different times by the supervising professors and the presentation of the techniques was modified. Then sexual abstinence intervention was presented to eight experts who had the necessary knowledge for a survey. Data analysis was performed using reliable change index (RCI) and improvement percentage methods.

The results showed that, the improvement rate of the variable of infidelity was more than 80% in the subjects. Also, the variables of assertiveness improved between 53% to 87%, impulsivity between 50% to 61%, and self–confidence between 50% to 136% which was clinically significant. Also, the average reliable change index (RCI) was calculated once after the end of all intervention sessions and once after the follow– up session. This index was greater than 1.96 in all variables and all subjects, indicating an improvement in the research variables in the subjects.

Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that the educational package of sexual abstinence based on Islamic teachings reduces impulsivity and infidelity and increases assertiveness and self–confidence in people involved in extramarital affairs.