جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sodium » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Regarding the importance of the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and higher consumption of salt among the Iranian population than the level recommended by the World Health Organization, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the salt mentioned in the traffic light labelling of nuts and seeds.

Study Design:

 A cross-sectional study.

 A total of 53 packaged nuts and seeds, including 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, and 10 samples of pumpkin, pistachios, almond, sunflower, peanut, and watermelon nuts and seeds, respectively, with traffic light labelling, were randomly purchased from several local markets in Isfahan, Iran. The amount of sodium was measured by the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy technique and then multiplied by 2.5 to achieve the amount of salt.

 Varying levels of traffic light labeling value accuracy were observed in most of the samples. In the almond, pistachio, peanut, and watermelon groups, the average amount of laboratory value had a statistically significant difference with the label value (P<0.05).

 The results demonstrated that the salt content of 82% of the studied samples had discrepancies with the values stated on the traffic light labelling. The presentation of an accurate amount of salt content is essential for promoting healthy eating habits and enabling individuals to make informed choices about their diet. It is recommended that regulatory authorities should review labelling guidelines and enforce stricter compliance to ensure accurate representation of salt content on packaged foods.

Hospital menus are profoundly important to meet the nourishment needs of patients. So, this study is conducted to determine the nutrient adequacy of adult patients’ normal diet menus.

An evaluation of 30-day fixed menus consisting of 4 dishes was conducted in four different public hospitals in Ankara, the capital of Türkiye. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) were used to examine the sufficiency of nutrients and meals.

For all the hospitals, MAR value was found higher than %85. However, nutrient adequacy ratio of dietary fiber, calcium and magnesium were lower than the other nutrients.  It was determined that total fat, saturated fat, salt and cholesterol (except hospital D) contents were high according to the recommended values. Nevertheless, these fixed menus supplied 75% daily fiber on average. Hospital A and D menus met calcium requirements by 73% and 67%, respectively. While hospital D menus met magnesium (76%) and potassium (67%) requirements moderately, other hospitals approached 100% sufficiency for potassium. It is remarkable that in all the hospitals the amount of fruits seemed very low, up to 34%.

As the hospital meal is an essential part of in-patients’ institutional care and nutritional support, the nutrient contents of menus should be monitored for nutritional requirements and, if necessary, there should be initiatives and arrangements in standard recipes to reduce salt and fat contents.

 End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a severe nephrological condition that can lead to permanent kidney damage. Therefore, early disease diagnosis is key to preventing casualties. The gold standard method of diagnosis tends to evaluate changes in sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and parathormone hormones in blood after dialysis. However, serum evaluation is not always possible or easy for patients. Therefore, saliva evaluation has been proposed in recent years as an alternative.

 The current article aims to evaluate metabolite in the saliva of ESRD patients.

 In this descriptive-analytical study, 29 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment were selected. Their saliva and serum samples were taken. The number of biochemical factors, including sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and parathormone hormone, was measured with an autoanalyzer device and related kits. Finally, the correlation of parameters in serum and saliva was examined using the Pearson test.

 The results showed a significant positive relationship between the levels of sodium, urea, and creatinine in serum and saliva samples (P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between the serum and saliva levels of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and PTH (P > 0.05).

 Due to the significant correlation between some prominent biochemical factors in saliva and serum after hemodialysis in ESRD patients, saliva could be considered a non-invasive diagnostic fluid for monitoring kidney disease in the future.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Contradictory findings are available regarding the effects of changes in electrolytes in patients with an AMI.

We aimed to investigate the effect of electrolyte changes on the 3-month outcome.

A total of 168 patients with AMI managed at Dr. Heshmat Hospital in Rasht, Iran, were investigated in this prospective cohort study by a census method. AMI was confirmed by biochemical, electrocardiographic, or angiographic evidence. Electrolyte serum levels, demographic characteristics, myocardial infarction type, ejection fraction (EF), and underlying diseases were collected in a checklist in the early hours after each patient entered the hospital. Information about patients’ outcomes and echocardiographic data were collected after three months. All data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.

Out of 162 patients with AMI, most (44%) were aged between 50 to 59 years, and 76.8% were men. In all models, the odds of non-recovery remained constant with increasing electrolytes. On uni-variable and multi-variable models, sodium showed a significant positive association with initial EF (unstandardized coefficient = 0.8 in both uni-variable and multi-variable models, approximately), and phosphorus displayed a significant negative association with initial EF (unstandardized coefficient = -4.5 in both uni-variable and multi-variable models, approximately). There was no significant association of electrolytes with follow-up EF in all models.

In this study, the phosphorus and sodium serum levels were significantly related to the initial EF. However, none of the studied electrolytes impacted the 3-month outcome in AMI patients.

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of mango leaves in preserving the varied concentrations of metals (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) present in two tomato varieties in Sokoto, Nigeria. After the application of different mango leaves extracts in the postharvest preservation of Daneka tomato fruits in a randomized control design, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry of macro elements; the most elevated concentrations noticed significant difference at (p<0.05) were revealed in potassium (1.20±0.002 to 3.00±0.001 ppm), and calcium (1.27±0.003 to 2.15±0.002 ppm). The lower levels of metals noticed upon storage under mango leaves are revealed by phosphorus (1.10±0.002 to1.37±0.002 ppm), and sodium (0.90±0.001 to 1.30±0.001 ppm); and the least was revealed by magnesium (0.61±0.001 to 0.86±0.001 ppm). The different concentrations of elements upon addition of mango leaves in the postharvest preservation of UTC tomatoes in Sokoto, Nigeria show, the elevated concentrations revealed by phosphorus (2.5±0.001 to 3.8±0.004 ppm), potassium (2.00±0.001 to 2.99±0.001 ppm), and magnesium (1.01±0.001 to 2.59±0.001 ppm). The lower concentrations were observed in calcium (1.34±0.001 to 1.70±0.001 ppm), and sodium (0.55±0.005 to 1.80±0.002 ppm). The mango leaves possessed potential to preserve the Na, K, Ca, Mg, and P levels in tomatoes; thus could serve as cheap, accessible, and sustainable preservative in the state when improved.

Despite great advances in hemodialysis, complications during dialysis remain in force. Accurate assessment of dry weight is a determining factor in the prevention of hemodialysis complications. This study is designed to evaluate the effect of adjustment of ultrafiltration rate, on hemodialysis complications, based on dry weight calculation, by measuring the pre-dialysis serum sodium.

  In this single-blind clinical trial 50 patients were included. The patients were randomly divided into case and control groups. First, in the intervention group, the blood sodium level was measured before dialysis. Then, the dry weight of the patients was determined, ultrafiltration was adjusted according to the dry weight, and the patients’ dialysis program was performed. In the control group, dry weight was determined routinely. Blood pressure, muscle cramps, nausea, and vomiting were recorded in both groups for 3 months.

The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in the rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting (P < .05) and muscle cramps during dialysis (P < .05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in blood pressure drop during dialysis and fatigue after hemodialysis in the first, second, and third months (P > .05).

  Accurate assessment of dry weight by the pre-dialysis blood sodium formula, reduces muscle cramps, nausea, and, vomiting.

The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) encourages high fruit, vegetable, and lean protein consumption and low salt, red meat, and fat intake to prevent or treat hypertension. However, besides hypertension, adherence to this diet has been shown to decrease other cardiovascular risk factors.

This study assessed the relationship between the DASH diet and cardiovascular risk factors in a cross‑sectional study of 2,831 adults chosen by multistage cluster sampling from 27 counties of Khuzestan province, Iran. DASH scores were calculated using data obtained from a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Regression models were used to evaluate the association of DASH scores and common cardiovascular risk factors.

Significant trends were observed across quintiles of DASH scores for systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and its components (p < 0·05). After adjusting for potential confounders such as sex, age, ethnicity, residence, wealth score, physical activity, energy intake, and family history of heart disease, the multiple regression analysis for each cardiovascular risk factor revealed that being in the highest quintile of total DASH score (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–0.99) was negatively associated with hyperglycemia.

This study showed a positive relationship between DASH diet adherence and lower serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

World health organization has identified unhealthy eating behaviors as one of the modifiable behavioral risk factors. Since sugar, salt, saturated and total fats, and trans-fatty acids are consumed much more than recommended, substantial decreases in these components as dietary risk factors are urgently needed. The study reviewed evidence on possible dietary risk decrease strategies to describe prevention programs.

In this study, SCOPUS, Web of Knowledge (ISI), EMBASE, PubMed, Google/Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception through 16 November 2022 to find policies that decreased consumption of dietary risk factors. Two researchers independently screened, appraised, and extracted the retrieved papers. Due to heterogeneity, only descriptive analyses were carried out.

Four studies were included in the review. Three studies focused on decreasing sodium/salt and one on decreasing trans-fatty acids in industrial foods. Studies used various indicators and methods to indicate their achievements. The overall results based on the selected indicators demonstrated the projects' relative success in decreasing risk factors of foods.

Despite achievements in decreasing dietary risk factors in industrial foods, there is still a long way to go. Since various indicators show various aspects of the achievements, sufficient considerations in preparing sensitive and specific indicators are warranted.

Despite the self-limiting nature of bronchiolitis, its severe forms require hospitalization. Electrolyte imbalance during bronchiolitis is common, however, the relationship between bronchiolitis severity and serum sodium (Na) levels has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum Na level and bronchiolitis severity.

This cross-sectional study included hospitalized children with bronchiolitis at Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Babol, Iran, from May 2020 to May 2021. Diarrhea, underlying disease, glucocorticoid intake, and intravenous fluid therapy before admission were considered exclusion criteria. The Bierman-Pierson scale was used to evaluate the severity of the disease, and hyponatremia was divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups. Variables were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) 26. A value of P<0.05 was considered significant.

Sixty-one children (55.7% male) with a mean age of 5.19 ± 4.36 months were enrolled in the study, with most (50.8%) belonging to the mild form of the disease. The mean serum Na levels based on the severity of bronchiolitis were 136.22 (SD: 2.99), 133.76 (SD: 3.88), and 130.50 (SD: 11.45) in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between serum sodium level and severity of bronchiolitis (P-value = 0.013).

The results showed that higher severity of bronchiolitis was associated with an increased risk of hyponatremia. Therefore, periodic monitoring and correction of hyponatremia in children with bronchiolitis, especially at younger ages, is necessary to improve the outcome of the disease.

Since the identification of COVID-19, its various manifestations have been reported in numerous studies. However, few studies have specifically examined the electrolyte imbalances seen in this disease. Patients with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to our hospital entered this retrospective cross-sectional study. Upon admission of the patients, a blood sample was sent for the analysis of the electrolytes. The relationship between electrolyte imbalances and disease severity, ICU admission, and mortality was also stated. Of 1072 hospitalized patients studied, 657 were men, and 415 were women. The prevalence of hypocalcemia (47.7%), hypophosphatemia (21.1%), hypomagnesemia (15.8%), and hyponatremia (13%) was higher compared to other electrolyte imbalances in these patients. Lower levels of sodium, calcium, and magnesium were seen in severe cases, while higher serum levels of potassium and phosphorus were detected in severe cases and ICU hospitalized patients. Causes such as albumin decrease in inflammation, the role of PTH, and the effect of vitamin D can play a role in hypocalcemia in these patients. In addition, electrolyte loss from the digestive tract can contribute to electrolyte imbalances. Because of the high prevalence of electrolyte imbalance in these patients, electrolyte monitoring is recommended in COVID-19 patients to ensure better care.

Electrolyte disorders in hospitalized children have several causes. One of the most important and common causes is using inappropriate maintenance intravenous fluids. This study aimed to investigate the effect and type of maintenance of intravenous fluids on the incidence of electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized children.

This research is a prospective cohort study. Non-surgical hospitalized children were divided into two groups based on the type of intravenous fluid received (normal saline [0.9% NaCl] or half saline [0.45% NaCl]). After matching two groups in terms of age and gender, the incidence of electrolyte disturbances (sodium and potassium) was evaluated in the two groups on the second and third days of the study.

A total of 163 patients were included in this study. About 55.5% of the children were boys, and 44.5% were girls. The Mean±SD age of the children was 48.42±36.35 months, and their mean weight was 19.49±10.88 kg. Also, 50.6% of patients were in the half saline group and 49.4% in the normal saline group. Initially, serum sodium and potassium levels were normal in both groups. On the second and third days of the study, the incidence of serum sodium and potassium disorders was higher in patients who received half saline fluid, but this higher incidence was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

There is no significant difference between normal saline and half saline in terms of electrolyte disturbance if the patient’s clinical condition is judged correctly and an appropriate volume of fluids is prescribed.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is a treatment option for coronary artery diseases. Cardiac arrhythmias during CABG surgery can lead to serious complications. Potassium ion concentration is a factor involved in such arrhythmias.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between potassium concentration and cardiac arrhythmias in CABG surgery.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 60 patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists class I, II, and III undergoing CABG surgery at Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. All patients underwent general anesthesia, and ventilator control was achieved by mechanical ventilation. The on-pump method was used for CABG. Potassium levels were measured at several time points during surgery. All cardiac arrhythmias were recorded. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum level of potassium, blood sugar, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, calcium, magnesium, hemoglobin (Hb), and sodium were also recorded.

The mean age of the patients was 60.87±7.35 years, and 45% of the subjects were female. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the patients. There was a significant relationship between the changes in MAP, potassium, blood sugar, BUN, creatinine, calcium, and magnesium with the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias (P < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was noted between Hb and sodium levels with the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias (P < 0.05).

The changes in potassium levels increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and their complications.

Chronic liver disease (CLD) in children is a growing health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. There is a specific susceptibility to electrolyte imbalance in chronic liver disease patients that can deteriorate their condition to hepatic encephalopathy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the electrolyte disturbance in CLD patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, during a six-year period. All patients below 14 years of age with chronic liver disease admitted to the pediatric gastroenterology department were included. Demographic data, laboratory tests, clinical manifestations and presence of hepatic encephalopathy were recorded in a checklist for each patient. Data was entered in SPSS software version 20. Qualitative data were analyzed using chi-square, and quantitative data were analyzed using independent t-tests. A P-value <0.05 was considered significant.
Our study on 85 CLD patients showed that the serum sodium level and serum calcium level were significantly lower in patients with hepatic encephalopathy with P-Values of 0.001 and 0.02, respectively. Also, serum urea and bilirubinemia levels were significantly higher in the patients with hepatic encephalopathy with P-Values of 0.03 and 0.001 respectively.
It seems that reducing serum sodium and calcium level can be predictive of hepatic encephalopathy in pediatric patients with chronic liver disease