جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sodium arsenite » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »
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Objective (s)
This study aimed to investigate the effects of zingerone (ZNG) treatment on testicular toxicity in rats induced by sodium arsenite (SA).
Materials and MethodsIn the study, five groups were formed (n=7) and the experimental groups were designated as follows; Vehicle group, ZNG group, SA group, SA+ZNG 25 group, and SA+ZNG 50 group. While SA was administered orally to rats at 10 mg/kg/bw, ZNG was given to rats orally at 25 and 50 mg/kg/bw doses for 14 days.
ResultsAs a result of the presented study, an increase was observed in the MDA contents of the testicular tissue of the rats administered SA, while significant decreases were observed in GSH levels, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities. The mRNA transcript levels of the pro-inflammatory genes NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were triggered after SA administration. Additionally, SA administration caused inflammation by increasing RAGE, NLRP3, and JAK-2/STAT3 gene expression. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurred in the testicular tissues of SA-treated rats and thus ATF-6, PERK, IRE1, and GRP78 genes were up-regulated. SA caused apoptosis by up-regulating Bax and Caspase-3 expressions and inhibiting Bcl-2 expression in testicles. SA caused histological irregularities in the testicles, resulting in decreased sperm quality.
ConclusionZNG treatment reduced SA-induced oxidative stress, ER stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and histological irregularities in the testicles while increasing sperm quality. As a result, it was observed that ZNG could alleviate the toxicity caused by SA in the testicles.
Keywords: Apoptosis, Inflammation, Oxidative stress, Sodium arsenite, Testicular toxicity} -
Objective(s)In the present study, the potential protective effects of zingerone (ZNG) against sciatic nerve damage caused by sodium arsenite (SA), a common environmental pollutant, were evaluated by various biochemical, molecular, and histological methods.Materials and MethodsIn the study, SA and ZNG were given to 35 male Sprague Dawley rats for 14 days. At the end of the period, the sciatic nerve tissues were taken and the markers involved in oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were analyzed.ResultsThe data obtained showed that SA decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the sciatic nerve tissue. However, it was determined that these markers approached the control group levels due to the anti-oxidant properties of ZNG. While SA triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis pathways, ZNG suppressed them. Moreover, SA up-regulated inflammatory markers such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), and neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nNOS) in the sciatic nerves and caused neuro-inflammation and inhibited cell survival by suppressing serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (Akt2) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) genes. It has also been shown histopathologically that SA causes degeneration in the sciatic nerves. In contrast, ZNG suppressed neuro-inflammation, activated Akt2/FOXO1 signaling, and repaired histological irregularities.ConclusionIn general, SA caused oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis in the sciatic nerves of rats, causing damage to the tissues, however, ZNG suppressed these pathways and protected the sciatic nerves from the destructive effect of SA.Keywords: Apoptosis, Endoplasmic reticulum- stress, Inflammation, Sciatic nerve, Sodium arsenite, Zingerone}
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Objective(s)Sodium arsenite (SA) exposure is toxic to the body. Zingerone (ZNG) is a flavonoid with many biological properties found naturally in honey and plants. This study aimed to determine the effects of ZNG on SA-induced rat lung toxicity.Materials and MethodsThirty-five male Sprague rats were divided into Control, SA, ZNG, SA+ZNG25, and SA+ZNG50 groups (n=7). SA 10 mg/kg and ZNG were administered at two doses (25 and 50 mg/kg) (orally, 14 days). Analysis of oxidative stress, inflammation damage, apoptosis damage, and autophagic damage markers in lung tissue were determined by biochemical and histological methods.ResultsThe administration of ZNG reduced oxidative stress by increasing SA-induced decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, increasing Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO1, and decreasing MDA level. ZNG administration reduced inflammation marker levels. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 increased and apoptotic Bax and Caspase-3 decreased with ZNG. ZNG promoted the regression of autophagy by reducing Beclin-1, LC3A, and LC3B levels.ConclusionEvaluating all data showed that SA caused toxic damage to lung tissue by increasing inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidant levels, whereas ZNG had a protective effect by reducing this damage.Keywords: Apoptosis, Autophagy, Inflammation, Lung, Oxidative stress, Sodium arsenite, Toxicity, Zingerone}
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Background
Arsenic is a heavy metal that causes malformation. It affects the reproductive system of men by induction of oxidative stress.
ObjectivesThis study investigated the effect of Vitamin C (Vit C), as a potent antioxidant, on sperm quality and testicular tissue in mice that received sodium arsenite.
MethodsA total of 28 adult male NMRI mice were divided into four groups: control, sodium arsenite (7 mg/kg/d), Vitamin C (Vit C; 150 mg/kg/d), and sodium arsenite+Vit C (with previous doses). Gavage treatments were administered for 35 days. At the end of the treatments, the right testis was used for histopathological observations and apoptosis assessment, and the left testis to evaluate sperm parameters.
ResultsSperm parameters such as count, motility, viability, morphology, tail length, Daily Sperm Production (DSP), the diameter of seminiferous tubules, the height of the germinal epithelium, and the number of germ cells and Sertoli cells were significantly decreased in the sodium arsenite group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased, and serum testosterone levels were significantly reduced in the sodium arsenite group. The mentioned parameters were compensated for in the sodium arsenite+Vit C group compared to the sodium arsenite group (P<0.05).
ConclusionVitamin C can decrease the undesired changes induced by sodium arsenite in the male reproductive system.
Keywords: Sodium arsenite, Vitamin C, Apoptosis, Testis, Mice} -
IntroductionArsenic toxicity has posed troublesome health concerns in the world and many of the toxic effects of arsenic are related to its effect on oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to evaluate histopathological and antioxidant enzymes changes in oxidative stress status induced by sodium arsenite in rats.Materials and MethodsAll experiments were carried out in male Wistar rats. Animal were divided into 2 groups of eight animals in each: Rats consumed distilled water (control group). Group 2: Rats consumed a solution of sodium arsenite (100 ppm) daily (arsenic group). At the end of day 28 arsenic exposure, the enzyme level in rat liver and kidney tissues was measured using the assay kits. The remaining liver, kidney, and heart tissue were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and used for histological observation.ResultsThe results showed a significant decrease in values of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) in serum and tissue in kidney and liver rat (P < 0.05). But, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased significantly (P < 0.05). Arsenic caused severe degenerative changes in tubular cells and acute tubular necrosis, hepatocyte cell degeneration, severe hemorrhage, and infiltration and formation of Kupffer cells nodules, fragmentation, and degeneration of muscle fibers with pyknotic nuclei in heart tissue.ConclusionsThe finding of the present study revealed that the administration of Sodium arsenite caused significant oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant enzymes activity and severe tissue damage.Keywords: histopathology, Antioxidant enzymes, Sodium arsenite, Arsenic Toxicity}
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Background and ObjectiveChronic arsenic toxicity is a widespread problem; the role of brain oxidative stress has been suggested in the genesis of epilepsy and in the post-seizure neuronal death. However, studies investigating the effects of arsenic on seizure and related mechanisms are limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of prolonged exposure to sodium arsenite on oxidative damage in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice.Materials and MethodsIn this study, male NMRI mice received sodium arsenite (0, 25, 50, and 100 ppm) in the drinking water for a period of 30 days. After exposure, all animals were injected PTZ (PTZ; 85 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce seizure, and the seizure parameters were evaluated for 30 minutes. Then, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in the brain.ResultsThe results of this study showed that sodium arsenite decreases the latency to the seizure onset and time of death (p<0.05). The greatest effect was observed at concentration of 50 ppm. The data indicated that exposure to sodium arsenite increases the levels of MDA (p<0.05) and decreased the levels of GSH in brain (p<0.05).ConclusionOur results suggest that PTZ effects potentiated by arsenic and oxidative damage involved in exacerbation of arsenic convulsive effects. Considering the role of arsenic in brain tissue damage following the seizure, it is recommended to control arsenic in drinking water.Keywords: Sodium arsenite, Oxidative damage, Seizure, Pentylenetetrazole}
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To evaluate the protective effect of Zataria multiflora boiss. (Zm) extract against arsenic-induced oxidative damage in rats. Rats were orally treated with various doses of Zm (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) and sodium arsenite (5.5 mg/ kg), alone or in combination, once daily for 30 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, rats were euthanized, and biochemical studies were conducted on their blood samples. Sub-acute exposure to the sub-lethal dose of arsenic markedly altered the blood levels of several biomarkers associated with oxidative stress. Treatment with Zm significantly inhibited the elevation of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and the depletion in total antioxidant capacity in plasma. In addition, Zm effectively increased the total antioxidant capacity of plasma in a dosedependent manner in control and arsenic-treated groups. The results reveal that Zm as an antioxidative medicinal plant reduces oxidative damages induced by arsenic in the doses much lower than the lethal dose (2-4 gr/kg). Since Zm is a safe herbal drug routinely used as condiment, it can be used as a good supplement for reducing toxicity of low dose of arsenic in long-term exposure. Further studies on human environmentally exposed to arsenic through drinking water and food are proposed to find out effective dose in human.Keywords: Arsenic, sodium arsenite, herbal supplement, herbal medicine, Zataria multiflora}
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Background and AimsSodium arsenite causes oxidative stress and endocrine disorders in the reproductive system. The aim was to investigate the protective role of curcumin as an antioxidant on the seminal vesicle tissue in adult mice treated with sodium arsenite.Materials and MethodsAdult male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (six mice per group) including control, sham (treated with DMSO), Sodium arsenite (5mg/kg/day b.w.), Curcumin (15mg/kg/day b.w.) and Sodium arsenite Curcumin. After 5 weeks of treatment, the mice were anesthetized and the seminal vesicles were removed and weighed. This followed by evaluating of the mean total volume of seminal vesicle and the mean volume of parenchyma, vesicular fluid, epithelial cells, vessels, connective and muscular tissues using stereological techniques. The results analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test and the means were considered significantly different at pResultsA significant reduction in the mean total volume of seminal vesicle and mean volume of vesicular fluid (pConclusionOur results showed that curcumin could prevent the adverse histological changes induced by sodium arsenite treatment on the seminal vesicle in mice.Keywords: Sodium arsenite, Curcumin, Seminal vesicles, Stereology, Mice}
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مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، سال بیست و دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 87، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1396)، صص 93 -106زمینه و هدفترکیبات آرسنیکی سموم محیطی هستند که در دسته کارسینوژن های انسانی قرار می گیرند. مواجهه با سدیم آرسنیت موجب تجمع آن در کبد و اختلالات کبدی می شود.هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر حفاظتی کورکومین، به عنوان یک آنتی اکسیدان، بر بافت کبد موش های تیمارشده با سدیم آرسنیت بود.روش بررسیتعداد 30 سر موش نر نژاد NMRI با میانگین وزنی 2±31 گرم به طور تصادفی به 5 گروه (6n=) کنترل، شم (دریافت کننده(DMSO، کورکومین (mg/kg/day15)، سدیم آرسنیت (mg/kg/day5) و سدیم آرسنیت + کورکومین تقسیم شد. تیمار به صورت تزریق داخل صفاقی و به مدت 5 هفته انجام گرفت. سپس موش ها کشته و کبد آن ها خارج و وزن شد. بافت کبد جهت بررسی های هیستوپاتولوژیک، استریولوژیک و همچنین میزان بروز آپوپتوز سلول های هپاتوسیت (از طریق تکنیک تانل) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. داده ها با روش آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه تحلیل گردید و تفاوت میانگین ها درحد05/0P< معنی دار در نظرگرفته شد.یافته هاافزایش معنی داری در میانگین وزن نسبی کبد، حجم سینوزوئیدها، حجم مجرای صفراوی (001/0P<)، تعداد سلول های هپاتوسیت (03/0P<) و کاهش معنی داری در میانگین حجم ورید مرکزی (001/0P<)، حجم سلول هپاتوسیت (04/0P<) و حجم هسته سلول هپاتوسیت (001/0P<) در گروه سدیم آرسنیت نسبت به گروه کنترل و شم مشاهده شد. بررسی های هیستوپاتولوژیکی نیز بی نظمی پارانشیم کبدی، ارتشاح سلول های التهابی، نکروز هپاتوسیت ها و از هم پاشیدن داربست رتیکولینی کبد موش های تیماری با سدیم آرسنیت را نشان داد. اکثر آسیب های کبدی القا شده توسط سدیم آرسنیت، در گروه سدیم آرسنیت+کورکومین در حد گروه کنترل بهبود یافت (05/0P<).نتیجه گیریتیمار با کورکومین موجب تخفیف آسیب کبدی القا شده توسط سدیم آرسنیت می شود.کلید واژگان: استریولوژی, سدیم آرسنیت, کبد, کورکومین, موش}Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Volume:22 Issue: 1, 2017, PP 93 -106Background And AimArsenic (As) compounds are environmental toxicants which are among human carcinogens. Sodium arsenite exposure leads to its accumulation in the liver resulting in liver disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of curcumin, as an antioxidant, on the liver tissue in the mice exposed to sodium arsenite.
Material andMethodsThirty NMRI mice with mean body weight of 31±2 g. were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, scheme (receiving DMSO),curcumin (15mg/kg/day), sodium arsenite (5mg/kg/day) and sodium arsenite狪�梧 groups. Every group consisted of 6 mice. The exposure was by intraperitoneal injections and carried out for 5 weeks. Then the mice were killed and the liver tissue was removed and weighed. Histopathological and stereological analyses were performed and the incidence of hepatocyte cells apoptosis (by the TUNEL method) was determined. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, and the differences among mean values were considered significant at PResultsA significant increase in the mean relative weight of liver, total volume of sinusoids, bile ductules (pConclusionTreatment with curcumin reduced liver damage induced by sodium arsenite.Keywords: Curcumin, Liver, Mouse, Sodium arsenite, Stereology} -
BackgroundSodium arsenite (NaAsO2) has potent cytotoxic activity in human cancer cells. Oxidative stress has been suggested as a mechanism for arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the alteration of mRNA levels of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in MCF-7 and Jurkat cells after exposure to NaAsO2.MethodsMethylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) viability assay was performed to evaluate cytotoxicity of NaAsO2 in MCF-7 and Jurkat cells. For evaluating the expression levels of the CAT and SOD2, we used two concentrations of NaAsO2 (5 and 15 µM), lower than the concentrations at which 50% of cell viability were lost. The cells were treated with co-treatment of NaAsO2 (15 µM) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC; 5 µM) in the media for 24 h. The control cells were maintained in sodium arsenite free growth medium. The experiments were done triplicate. Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression levels of CAT and SOD2 were quantified. One sample students t test was performed for comparisons of mRNA levels between treatment groups and their corresponding untreated control cells.ResultsCAT mRNA level decreased significantly in both cell lines following exposure to NaAsO2 (PConclusionAfter cells exposure to NaAsO2, CAT mRNA level decreased in both examined cell lines but the alterations of SOD2 mRNA level is cell specific. The NAC modulated the NaAsO2 associated alterations of CAT and SOD2 mRNA levels, therefore, the NaAsO2 might act through inducing reactive oxygen species.Keywords: Catalase, mRNA, N, acetyl, cysteine, SOD2, Sodium arsenite, MCF, 7 cells, Jurkat cells}
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Curcumin Inhibits The Adverse Effects of Sodium Arsenite in Mouse Epididymal SpermBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on epididymal sperm parameters in adult male Navel Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice exposed to sodium arsenite.Materials And MethodsIn this experimental study, we divided the animals into four groups: control, sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg), curcumin (100 mg/kg) and curcumin늇抺 arsenite. Exposures were performed by intraperitoneal injections for a 5-week period. After the exposure period, we recorded the animals body and left testes weights. The left caudal epididymis was used to count the sperm number and analyze motility, viability, morphological abnormalities, acrosome reaction, DNA integrity, and histone-protamine replacement in the spermatozoa. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukeys test was used to assess the statistical significance of the data with SPSS . . PResultsMice exposed to sodium arsenite showed a significant decrease in the number, motility, viability, normal sperm morphology and acrosome integrity of spermatozoa compared to the control group. In the curcumin늇抺 arsenite group, curcumin significantly reversed these adverse effects to the point where they approximated the control. In addition, the application of curcumin alone had no significant difference in these parameters compared to the control and curcumin늇抺 arsenite groups. However, we observed no significant differences in the body and the testis weight as well as the DNA integrity and histone-protamine replacement in the spermatozoa of the four groups.ConclusionCurcumin compensated for the toxic effects of sodium arsenite on a number of sperm parameters in adult mice.Keywords: Curcumin, Natural Antioxidant, Sodium Arsenite}
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زمینه و هدفسدیم آرسنیت یک آلاینده زیست محیطی است که با توان تولید رادیکال آزاد می تواند موجب تخریب بافت شود. این مطالعه به منظور تعیین اثر چای سبز به عنوان یک آنتی اکسیدانت قوی بر بافت کلیه موش های تیمار شده با سدیم آرسنیت انجام شد.روش بررسیدر این مطالعه تجربی موش های نر بالغ نژاد NMRI با میانگین وزنی 5±30 گرم به طور تصادفی به 4 گروه شش تایی کنترل، عصاره چای سبز (100 mg/kg/day)، سدیم آرسنیت (5 mg/kg/day) و سدیم آرسنیت+چای سبز تقسیم و به مدت 34 روز به صورت دهانی تیمار شدند. بعد از اتمام دوره تیمار، موش ها تشریح، کلیه چپ آنها خارج، فیکس، برش گیری و پاساژ بافتی شد و با استفاده از روش هایدن هان آزان رنگ آمیزی شدند. با استفاده از تکنیک استریولوژی، حجم کل کلیه، کورتکس، مدولا، لوله های پروکسیمال و دیستال به همراه اپی تلیوم و لومن آن ها، حجم جسمک کلیوی، گلومرولوس، تافت و کاپیلاری، غشا و فضای کپسول بومن و طول لوله پروکسیمال و دیستال مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین میزان کراتینین، اوره و مالون دی آلدئید سرم اندازه گیری شد.یافته هاکاهش آماری معنی داری در میانگین حجم کورتکس، حجم لوله نزدیک و اپی تلیوم و لومن آن، حجم لوله دور و لومن آن، حجم جسمک کلیوی، گلومرول و تافت و حجم فضای کپسول بومن در گروه سدیم آرسنیت نسبت به گروه کنترل مشاهده شد (P<0.05). این پارامترها به صورت معنی داری در گروه دریافت کننده چای سبز توام با سدیم آرسنیت در مقایسه با گروه دریافت کننده سدیم آرسنیت افزایش یافت (P<0.05). میزان کراتینین، اوره و مالون دی آلدئید سرم نیز افزایش آماری معنی داری در گروه سدیم آرسنیت در مقایسه با سایر گروه ها داشت (P<0.05). مقادیر کراتینین، اوره و مالون دی آلدئید سرم در گروه سدیم آرسنیت+چای سبز در سطح گروه کنترل طبیعی بود.نتیجه گیریچای سبز در مسمومیت کلیوی ناشی از سدیم ارسنیت نقش محافظتی دارد.کلید واژگان: کلیه, عصاره چای سبز, سدیم آرسنیت, استریولوژی, موش}Background And ObjectiveSodium Arsenite is an environmental pollutant which can generate free radicals causing tissue damage. This study was done to evaluate the effect of Green Tea (GTE), as a strong antioxidant, on kidney tissue in mice treated with Sodium Arsenite.MethodsIn this experimental study 24 adult male NMRI mice were randomly allocated into four groups including: control, GTE (100mg/kg/day), Sodium Arsenite (5mg/kg/day) and Sodium Arsenite GTE, for 34 days, orally. Animals were scarified and left kidney was taken out, fixed, sectioned, processed and stained using Heidenhainazan method. Using stereological technique the total volume of kidney, volume of cortex, medulla, proximal and distal tubule, renal corpuscle, gelomerelus, tuft and capillary, membrane and space of Bowman's capsule and length of proximal and distal tubule were determined. Creatinine, BUN and MDA serum samples were measured.ResultsThe mean of total volume of cortex, proximal tubule, distal tubule, renal corpuscle and gelomerolus, taft, Bowman's capsule space, size of epithelium and lumen of proximal and distal tubule were significantly reduced in Sodium Arsenite group compared to control (PConclusionGreen tea has a protective role in Sodium Arsenite induced nephrotoxicity.Keywords: Kidney, Green Tea, Sodium Arsenite, Stereology, Mouse}
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مقدمه و هدفسدیم آرسنیت از طریق القای استرس اکسیداتیو باعث اختلال در تمایز سلول های بنیادی مزانشیم مغز استخوان رت rMSCs)) به استئوبلاست می گردد. در مطالعه حاضر، هدف بررسی اثر تیمار همزمان سدیم آرسنیت و ویتامین E بر تمایز آزمایشگاهی rMSCs به استئوبلاست بود.روش کاردر محیط کشت حاوی 15% سرم جنین گاوی، rMSCs کشت داده شد. تیمار با سدیم آرسنیت (20 نانومولار)، تیمار با ویتامین E (50 میکرومولار) انجام شد. بدین ترتیب که در پایان پاساژ سوم سلول ها به 4 گروه: کنترل، تیمار با سدیم آرسنیت، تیمار با ویتامین E و سدیم آرسنیت + ویتامین E تقسیم و برای مدت 21 روز، در محیط استئوژنیک حاوی 10% سرم جنین گاوی کشت داده شدند. توانایی زیستی، معدنی شدن ماتریکس استخوانی، کلسیم داخل و خارج سلولی، فعالیت آلکالین فسفاتاز، آسیب DNA و تغییرات مورفولوژیکی سلول ها بررسی شد. داده ها با روش آماری آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه (Anova) تجزیه و تفاوت میانگین ها در سطح P<0.05 معنی دار درنظر گرفته شد.نتایجتوانایی زیستی، معدنی شدن ماتریکس استخوانی، رسوب کلسیم، فعالیت آلکالین فسفاتاز و قطر هسته در گروه سدیم آرسنیت کاهش معنی داری یافت (P<0.05). پارامترهای فوق، در گروه سدیم آرسنیت + ویتامین E، در حد گروه کنترل بهبود یافت (P<0.05).
نتیجه نهایی: ویتامین E با کاهش سمیت سدیم آرسنیت، تمایز استئوژنیک در سلول های بنیادی مزانشیم مغز استخوان را افزایش می دهد.
کلید واژگان: تمایز استئوژنیک, توانایی زیستی, سدیم آرسنیت, سلول های بنیادی مزانشیم, ویتامین E}Introduction &ObjectiveSodium arsenite disturbs the differentiation of adult rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) to Osteoblast through oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the preventive effect of vitamin E, a strong antioxidant, in sodium arsenite toxicity on rMSCs differentiation to osteoblast.Materials and MethodsrMSCs were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles Medium containing 15% Fetal Bovine Serum and divided into: control, sodium arsenite (20 nM), vitamin E (50 µM) and sodium arsenite + vitamin E for 21 days in the osteogenic media containing 10% of fetal bovine serum. Cell viability, bone matrix mineralization, intercellular and extracellular calcium, alkaline phosphatase activity, DNA damage and cell morphological changes were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test and means were considered significantly different at P<0.05.ResultsCell viability, bone matrix mineralization, calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity and nuclei diameter decreased significantly in the sodium arsenite group. The mentioned parameters increased significantly in cells treated with sodium arsenite + vitamin E to the control level (P<0.05). Cytoplasmic extensions were also observed in the vitamin E group.ConclusionsVitamin E reduces sodium arsenite toxicity, increasing osteogenic differentiation in rMSCs.Keywords: Cell Viability, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Osteogenic Differentiation, Sodium arsenite, Vitamin E} -
سابقه و هدفآرسنیک سبب ناهنجاری های مادرزادی در انسان و حیوانات می شود. نانوآرسنیت توان بیشتری در ایجاد آپوپتوز دارد، از آنجایی که تاکنون اثرات نانو آرسنیت بر ناهنجاری های جنینی ارزیابی نشده لذا این مطالعه به منظور مقایسه اثر آرسنیت سدیم و نانوآرسنیت سدیم بر روی ناهنجاری های اسکلتی جنین موش صحرایی انجام شد.مواد و روش هااین مطالعه تجربی در مدل حیوانی بر روی 23 سر موش صحرایی آبستن در 4 گروه انجام شد. تایید آبستنی با مشاهده پلاک واژنی بود. در روز دهم آبستنی به گروه اول (گروه شاهد، 7 سر) نرمال سالین و به گروه های دیگر به ترتیب آرسنیت سدیم با دوز 11 میلی گرم (5 سر)، نانوآرسنیت سدیم با دوزهای 1 (5 سر) و 11 (7 سر) میلی گرم برای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن، بصورت داخل صفاقی، تزریق گردید. در روز بیستم آبستنی موش ها آسان کشی شدند و پس از خارج کردن جنین ها، طول و وزن آنها تعیین و با آلیزارین قرمز-آلسین آبی رنگ آمیزی شدند. ناهنجاری های سیستم اسکلتی جنین ها از جمله شکاف کام، بدشکلی های دنده ها، مهره ها و ستون فقرات، جناغ، دستها و پاها، انگشتان و کاهش استخوان سازی بوسیله استریومیکروسکوپ بررسی و مقایسه شد.یافته هاآرسنیت معمولی و نانو وزن جنین را بطور معنی داری از حدود 5 گرم در گروه شاهد به کمتر از 2 گرم رساندند (0/033 p≤) و طول جنین را از حدود 38 میلیمتر به 28 میلیمتر کاهش دادند (0/023 p≤). کاهش طول و وزن جنین ها با دوز 11 میلی گرم نانو در مقایسه با آرسنیت معمولی (11 میلی گرم) معنی دار بود (0/033 p≤). درصد وقوع ناهنجاری ها در گروه های تحت تیمار از 3 تا 47 درصد بوده در حالی که در گروه شاهد ناهنجاری اسکلتی مشاهده نشد.نتیجه گیرینانوآرسنیت نسبت به آرسنیت معمولی اثرات بیشتری بر کاهش وزن و طول جنین و برخی از ناهنجاری های اسکلتی مثل شکاف کام دارد.
کلید واژگان: آرسنیت سدیم, ناهنجاری اسکلتی, جنین موش صحرایی}Background And ObjectiveArsenic causes congenital anomalies in humans and animals، and nanoparticles of sodium arsenite are highly capable of inducing apoptosis. Since the effects of nanoparticles of sodium arsenite on fetal malformations have not been evaluated yet، this study aims to compare the effect of sodium arsenite and nanoparticles of sodium arsenite on skeletal malformations in rat embryos.MethodsThis in-vitro study was performed on four groups of pregnant rats (n= 23 rats). Mating was confirmed by observation of vaginal plug. On the tenth day of gestation، pregnant rats in different groups received intraperitoneal normal saline (n=7 rats)، sodium arsenite (11 mg/kg) (n=5 rats)، nanoparticles of sodium arsenite (1 mg) (n=5 rats) and nanoparticles of sodium arsenite (11 mg) (n=7 rats). All the rats were euthanized on the twentieth day of pregnancy and their embryos were removed، their weight and length were measured، and then were stained with alizarin red and alcian blue. The skeletal system abnormities of embryos such as cleft palate، malfunctions or malformations in ribs، vertebrae، spine، sternum، arms، legs، fingers and reduction of ossification were evaluated by a stereomicroscope، and then compared with the control group.FindingsSodium arsenite and nanoparticles of sodium arsenite reduced fetal weight from 5 g in the control group to 2 g (p≤0. 033) and also، decreased fetal length from 38 cm to 28 cm in the control group (p≤0. 023). The weight and length of fetuses were significantly reduced in nanoparticles of sodium arsenite group (11 mg)، as compared to sodium arsenite group (p≤0. 033). There were no skeletal malformations in the control group، while the percentage of anomalities was between 3% and 47% in the intervention group.ConclusionNanoparticles of sodium arsenite، as compared to sodium arsenite، were more effective in reducing fetal length and weight and in diminishing the rate of skeletal malformations such as cleft palateKeywords: Fetal Rats, Skeletal Anomalies, Sodium Arsenite} -
ObjectiveThe main objective of the current study was to observe the ameliorative effect of Withania somnifera on arsenic-induced testicular toxicity by exploring the crucial parameters such as sperm counts, sperm motility, hormonal assay and lipid peroxidation including histopathology.Materials And MethodsIn the present study, arsenic in the form of sodium arsenite was administered orally to male Charles Foster rats for 45 days. Thereafter, ethanolic root extract of Withania somnifera was administered for 30 days to observe its ameliorative effect on male reproductive system.ResultsThe study revealed that after administration of sodium arsenite, there was a decrease in the sperm counts and sperm motility accompanied by an increased incidence of sperm abnormalities and hormonal imbalance leading to infertility. However, after administration of Withania somnifera, there was significant reversal in the parameters denoting that it not only possesses antioxidant and rejuvenating property but also maintains the cellular integrity of testicular cells leading to normal functioning of it.ConclusionThe study concludes that Withania somnifera possesses phytoremedial effect. It is one of the best antidotes against arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity.Keywords: Sodium arsenite, W.somnifera, Rats, testicular toxicity, Sperm Count, Testosterone}
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زمینه و هدفسدیم آرسنیت، یک آلاینده زیست محیطی با توان تولید رادیکال آزاد و تخریب بافتی است. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر عصاره چای سبز (GTE) به عنوان یک آنتی اکسیدان، بر پارامتر های اسپرم و بافت بیضه موش های تیمارشده با سدیم آرسنیت بود.
روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه تجربی، موش های نر بالغ نژاد NMRI، به طور تصادفی، در 4 گروه (6=n) شامل گروه های: کنترل، دریافت کننده سدیم آرسنیت (mg/kg/day 5)، دریافت کننده (GTE (mg/kg/day100 و گروه دریافت کننده سدیم آرسنیت+ GTE قرار گرفتند و به مدت 34 روز به صورت دهانی تیمار شدند. در پایان دوره تیمار، وزن بدن و بیضه چپ، ثبت و ناحیه دمی اپیدیدیم چپ، در محیط کشتHam''s F10 قطعه قطعه شد. اسپرم های خارج شده، برای بررسی برخی از پارامتر های اسپر م، مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. کیفیت کروماتین اسپرم، توسط رنگ آمیزی های هسته ای آکریدین اورانژ و آنیلین بلو ارزیابی شد. بیضه چپ برای مشاهدات بافت آسیب شناختی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. سطح مالون دی آلدئید (MDA) سرم، به عنوان شاخص پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی اندازه گیری شد. داده ها با روش آماری One-Way ANOVA آنالیز شدند.یافته هاکاهش معنی داری در تعداد، تحرک، قابلیت حیات (P<0.01) و مورفولوژی طبیعی اسپرم (P<0.01) و همچنین کاهش معنی داری در قطر لوله های منی ساز و ضخامت اپیتلیوم زایشی (P<0.001) در موش های تیمارشده با سدیم آرسنیت در مقایسه با گروه کنترل مشاهده گردید. موش های تیمارشده با سدیم آرسنیت، افزایش معنی داری در قطر لومن لوله های منی ساز و سطح (MDA (P<0.01 نشان دادند. پارامترهای فوق در گروه دریافت کننده سدیم آرسنیت+GTE به طور معنی داری جبران شد. سدیم آرسنیت، تاثیری بر وزن بدن و بیضه، قطر هسته اسپرماتوگونی،کیفیت DNA اسپرم و جایگزینی پروتامین به جای هیستون نداشت.نتیجه گیریعصاره الکلی چای سبز (GTE)، احتمالا می تواند تاحدودی در کاهش سمیت ناشی از سدیم آرسنیت مفید باشد.
کلید واژگان: بیضه, پارامترهای اسپرم, سدیم آرسنیت, عصاره چای سبز, موش}Background And AimSodium arsenite is an environmental pollutant with the capacity of generating free radicals and tissue damage. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE), as an antioxidant, on sperm parameters and testis tissues of the mice treated with sodium arsenite.Materials And MethodsTwenty-four adult male NMRI mice with mean body weight 30±5g were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control, sodium arsenite (5mg/kg/d.), GTE (100mg/kg/d.) and sodium arsenite+GTE. Oral treatments were performed as long as 34 days. At the end of treatments, body and left testis weight were recorded and the left caudal epididymis of each subject was cut under Ham's F10. Then, the released spermatozoa were used to analyze sperm parameters. Sperm chromatin quality was assessed by nuclear staining using acridine orange and aniline blue. The left testis of each mouse was used for histopathological observation. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured as an index of lipid peroxidation. Finally, the obtained data was analyzed by means of one-was ANOVA at the significant level P<0.05.ResultsA significant decrease in the number, motility, viability (P<0.001) and normal morphology of sperm (P<0.01) and also in mean diameter of seminiferous tubules, germinal epithelium thickness (P<0.001) were found in the mice treated with sodium arsenite compared to the controls. The mice treated with sodium arsenite revealed a significant increase in the mean diameter of seminiferous tubules lumen and MDA levels (P<0.001). The above parameters were significantly compensated in the sodium arsenite+GTE group. Sodium arsenite had no effect on the body and testis weight, diameter of spermatogonial nucleus, sperm DNA integrity, and histone-protamine replacement.ConclusionThe results indicate that green tea extract can partially be useful in reducing sodium arsenite-induced toxicity.Keywords: Sodium arsenite, Sperm parameters, Green tea extract, Testis, Mice} -
سابقه و هدف
آرسنیک سر دسته سموم، شبه فلزی سرطان زا است که به عنوان یک سم محیطی در نظر گرفته می شود. آسیب میتوکندری، افزایش گونه های فعال اکسیژن، القای مرگ برنامه ریزی شده سلول و کمک به برنامه مناسب در مقابله با برخی حالات تکثیری از جمله مکانیسم های آرسنیک هستند. از آنجایی که آرسنیک یک سم مهم و از طرفی یک داروی ضد تومور محسوب می شود، در این مطالعه به منظور مقایسه وقوع آپوپتوز ناشی از نانو ذرات آرسنیک که به شیوه جدید طراحی شده و با حالت معمول آن انجام گردید تا مشخص شود کوچکتر شدن ذرات آرسنیک در مقیاس نانو چه تاثیری بر وضعیت آپوپتوز در مدل سلول های تازه دارند.
مواد و روش هادر این مطالعه تجربی سلول های تازه کبد از 30 سر موش صحرایی نژاد ویستار با محدوده وزنی 200-180 گرم، توسط روش پرفیوژن کلاژناز جدا شده و پس از ثابت شدن در دوار، سلول های کبدی در معرض غلظت های صفر، 10، 20، 40 و100 میکرو-مولار نانوآرسنیت سدیم و هم چنین شکل معمولی آن به مدت 1 ساعت قرار گرفتند. گروه بندی بر اساس غلظت نانو آرسنیت سدیم و شکل معمولی آن و در سه تکرار و یک گروه بعنوان شاهد (سرم فیزیولوژی) بوده است. بقا و آپوپتوز تعیین شده توسط تکنیک ستاره دنباله دار (Comet assay) بدست آمد. درصد سلول های دچار آپوپتوز بصورت نمره دهی بین غلظت ها و گروه ها مقایسه شد.
یافته هابا تجویز آرسنیت سدیم معمولی و نانوآرسنیت سدیم درصد سلول های دچار آپوپتوز در مقایسه با گروه شاهد افزایش پیدا کرد (05/0p<) بطوری که در امتیاز 3، میزان آپوپتوز در غلظت 100 میکرومول آرسنیت معمولی حدود 22 درصد و در غلظت 100 میکرومول نانو آرسنیت 56 درصد بود. این افزایش در سلول های در معرض نانوآرسنیت سدیم به صورت وابسته به غلظت بیشتر از سول های در معرض آرسنیت سدیم معمولی بود.
نتیجه گیرینتایج مطالعه نشان داد که نانو ذرات آرسنیت سدیم و افزایش غلظت آن میزان آسیب سلولی و آپوپتوز بیشتری را نسبت به شکل معمولی آن ایجاد می کنند و می توانند سمی تر باشند.
کلید واژگان: نانوذرات, آرسنیت سدیم, سلول های کبدی, موش صحرایی}Background And ObjectiveArsenic, the king of poisons, is a carcinogenic metalloid and considered as an environmental toxicant. Mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species elevation and eventually apoptosis induction are some mechanisms of action and also contributed to its convenient application against some proliferative states. Since arsenic is important toxin and as a antineoplasm agent, in this study, apoptosis induction of a newly designed arsenic nanoparticles were evaluated and compared to the conventional form in order to evaluate its effect of more small size as nanoparticles on apoptosis in fresh cells.
MethodsIn this experimental study, fresh hepatocytes of 30 Wistar rats (with 180-200 gram weight) was isolated by two step collagenase perfusion method and following stabilization in rotary, exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40 and 100 microM sodium arsenite nanoparticles and also conventional form for 1 hour. Groups were divided base on type and concentration of arsenite and control (normal saline) group and treatment was triple. Viability was obtained and apoptosis determined by modified comet assay and scored accordingly and compared between groups.
FindingsPercent of apoptotic cells was significantly increased by conventional and nano particles of sodium arsenite (p< 0.05) in comparison to control group. While apoptosis percent in score 3 was 22% in 100 microM concentration of conventional sodium arsenite; it was reached to 56% by 100 microM concentration of nanoparticles of sodium arsenite. Apoptosis was clearly more prominent in hepatocytes exposed to arsenic nanoparticles.
ConclusionOur results showed that arsenic nanoparticles robustly induced apoptosis that can potentially make it more toxic than conventional form.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Sodium Arsenite, Hepatocytes, Rat} -
زمینه و هدفارسنیک به عنوان یک آلاینده زیست محیطی منجر به ناباروری در جنس نر می گردد. کورکومین با خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانتی قوی قادر به مهار استرس اکسیداتیو می باشد. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثر کورکومین بر روی بافت بیضه و تعداد اسپرم موش های بالغ تیمار شده با سدیم ارسنیت انجام گرفت.مواد و روش هادر این مطالعه تجربی موش های بالغ در چهار گروه کنترل، سدیم ارسنیت (5 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم)، کورکومین (100 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) و کورکومین+ سدیم ارسنیت تقسیم بندی شدند و تیمارها به صورت تزریق داخل صفاقی به مدت پنج هفته صورت گرفت. پس از تیمار، وزن بدن و بیضه چپ ثبت و بیضه چپ جهت مطالعه هیستوپاتولوژی لوله های سمی نیفر استفاده شد. هم چنین اسپرم های اپی دیویمی جهت شمارش تعداد اسپرم مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند.یافته هادر موش های تیمار شده با سدیم ارسنیت نسبت به گروه کنترل تعداد اسپرم و قطر لوله های سمی نیفر به طور معنی داری کاهش و میانگین قطر لومن لوله های سمی نیفر به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. در گروه کورکومین+سدیم ارسنیت، کورکومین توانست اثرات نامطلوب ایجاد شده توسط سدیم ارسنیت را به طور معنی داری در خصوص بافت بیضه و تعداد اسپرم نسبت به گروه سدیم ارسنیت جبران نماید. با این وجود، تفاوت معنی داری در وزن بدن، وزن بیضه، مورفولوژی و قطر هسته اسپرماتوگونی ها بین هیچ یک از گروه ها مشاهده نشد.نتیجه گیریکورکومین قادر است اختلالات القا شده توسط سدیم ارسنیت را در تعداد اسپرم و بافت بیضه موش بالغ جبران نماید.
کلید واژگان: موش بالغ, کورکومین, سدیم ارسنیت, تعداد اسپرم, بیضه}IntroductionArsenic as an environmental contaminant induces male infertility. Curcumin with potent antioxidant property is able to restrict oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on testis tissue and sperm count in adult mice treated with sodium arsenite.Materials And MethodsIn an experimental study, animals were divided into four groups: control, sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg), curcumin (100 mg/kg) and curcumin+sodium arsenite. Treatments were performed by intraperitoneal injection for five weeks. After treatment period, body weight was recorded. Left testis was dissected, weighed and used for the histopathological study of seminiferous tubules. Left cauda epididymis was also used to count sperm number.ResultsMice treated with sodium arsenite showed a significant decrease in the sperm count, the diameter of seminiferous tubules and a significant increase in the lumen diameter of tubules compared to control group. In curcumin+sodium arsenite group, curcumin significantly reversed the adverse effects of sodium arsenite on testis and sperm count. Whereas, the treated mice showed no significant difference in body and testis weight as well as morphology and nuclear diameter of spermatogonia between four groups.ConclusionsCurcumin is able to compensate the toxic effect of sodium arsenite on sperm count and testis in adult mouse.Keywords: Adult mouse, Curcumin, Sodium arsenite, Sperm count, Testis} -
ObjectiveAlthough arsenite is toxic it is currently recommended for the treatment of malignancies. In this study the effects of sub-micromolar concentrations of sodium arsenite on the viability, morphology and mechanism of cell death of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMCs) over 21 days was investigated.Materials And MethodsIn this experimental study, BMCs were extracted in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) containing 15% of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and expanded till the 3rd passage. The cells were treated with 1, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 nM of sodium arsenite for 21 days and the viability of the cells estimated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) and trypan blue staining. Cells were then treated with the selected dose (25 nM) of sodium arsenite to determine their colony forming ability (CFA) and population doubling number (PDN). Morphology of the cells was studied using florescent dyes, and the integrity of the DNA was investigated using the comet assay and agarose gel electrophoresis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the caspase 3 assay were then applied to understand the mechanism of cell death. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA, Tukey test.ResultsA significant reduction of viability, PDN and CFA was found following treatment of BMCs with 25 nM sodium arsenite (p<0.05). Cytoplasm shrinkage and a significant decrease in the diameter of the nuclei were also seen. Comet assay and agarose gel electrophoresis revealed DNA breakage, while positive TUNEL and activated caspase 3 confirmed the apoptosis.ConclusionA low concentration of sodium arsenite (25 nM) caused reduction of viability due to induction of apoptosis. Therefore, long term exposure to low dose of this chemical may have unwanted effects on BMCs.Keywords: Apoptosis, Cell Viability, Mesenchymal Stem Cell, Rat, Sodium Arsenite}
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Objective(s)Arsenic compounds are potent human carcinogen and produce a variety of stress responses in mammalian cells. Recently sodium arsenite has been recommended to be used as anti malignancy drug by American food and drug administration (FDA). In this study, we aimed to determine the apoptosis inducing effect of sodium arsenite on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exposed in vitro.MethodologyCell morphology was studied with the help of Hoechst and propidium iodide as well as with single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay), TUNEL assay and caspase activity base on immunocytochemistry using commercial kit were considered to study the mechanism of cell death.ResultsOur result showed that the sodium arsenite with concentration of 0.1 µM in 36 hr induces caspase dependent apoptosis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This concentration is the lowest level of sodium arsenite to be reported with apoptosis induction ability in stem cells.ConclusionSince sodium arsenite is used in therapy, more research should be carried out on the effect of this chemical on stem cells, especially MSCs.Keywords: Apoptosis, Mesenchymal stem cells, Rats, Sodium arsenite}
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