جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "sugars" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

This study assessed the effect of various agitation timings on bioethanol production from cassava peels (CP) using separate hydrolysis and co-fermentation (SHCF) technique.

The milled CP was divided into three groups each of 20 g and subjected to two-stage hydrolysis carried out at 100 oC for 60 min and 50 minutes, respectively. Experimental layouts were Sample 1 (B1) [0 hours i.e., no shaking], Sample 2 (B2) [3 hours shaking with an electric shaker at 200 rev/min-1], and Sample 3 (B3) [6 hours shaking at 200 rev/min-1]. Fermentations were carried out at 30 oC for 72 days. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one–way ANOVA, and New Duncan’s multiple range test at P = 0.05.

The TSS and pH readings of the treatment groups before and after fermentation were: B1 – TSS (27.15 ± 0.15, 17.25 ± 0.07 oBx), pH (5.50 ± 0.00, 4.53 ± 0.04); B2 – TSS (27.32 ± 0.08, 14.78 ± 0.12 oBx), pH (5.50 ± 0.00, 4.74 ± 0.06); and B3 – TSS (27.17 ± 0.07, 10.24 ± 0.08 oBx), pH (5.50 ± 0.00, 4.77 ± 0.05) (P < 0.05). The mean fermentation efficiency (FE) and ethanol productivity (EP) were B1 (15.17 ± 0.07%, 0.122 ± 0.001 gL-1h-1), B2 (15.70 ± 0.18%, 0.126 ± 0.002 gL-1h-1), and B3 (18.80 ± 0.14%, 0.151 ± 0.001 gL-1h-1) (P < 0.05). All treatment groups attained the maximum ethanol yields at 72 hours of fermentation (P < 0.05). Agitation at 200 rev/min-1 for 6 hours gave the optimal FE (%), EP, and ethanol yield.

The established condition improved the Bioethanol quality and yield of CP. Thus, optimizing bioethanol production from CP would help enhance sustainable biofuel production without affecting food security.

 Sugar  is  considered  as  a  double  edged  sword,  associated  with  many  metabolic  effects.  Studies depicting  the relationship between sugars and their harmful effects on health in the context of the Indian  population are fewer. The aim of  this study was to systematically review data on sugars and their metabolic disturbances, and to produce evidence in the context of the Indian population.

The research question was developed based on PICo strategy.  The search was limited to PubMed and EBSCO data bases over the period from 2005-2018, using advanced (Boolean) searching for attaining relevant articles. Articles with only substantial  evidence  were  included,  showing  a  relationship  between  sugars  and  their metabolic perturbations  which  were evaluated with their respective checklists.

 Pertaining to the inclusion criteria, 32 articles were retrieved, three were systematic reviews, 16 cross -sectional studies and 13 experimental trails. Regained articles were related to sugars and dental caries, sugars and obesity and serum lipids levels and  also  sugars  and  Type-2  Diabetes  (T2D)  mellitus.  The  cross-sectional  studies,  randomized, non-randomized  trials  and systematic reviews fulfilled 72.7%, 45.68%, 60.90% and 71% of corresponding checklist items respectively.

 This  review  suggests  that  carbohydrates  are  the  main  constituting  diet  and  consumption  assumes metabolic disturbances like hyperglycaemia, risk of T2D, insulin resistance syndrome, dyslipidaemia, increased triglyceride levels and as a leading risk factor for occurrence of caries.

A new sweetener with the commercial name of Lacritose has been recently produced, which is a combination of four simple sugars (lactose, fructose, sucrose, erythritol), with specific ingredients and percentages. This study aimed to assess glycemic response and short term gastrointestinal reactions in type 2 diabetic patients.

In this triple-blind randomized clinical trial, 30 diabetic patients referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center in 2018 were included. After collecting the primary data, they were assigned into three groups, including sucrose consumers as the control group, sucrose-lactose, and lacritose as the groups of consumers group. They were followed for two weeks, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial test (2HPP), fructose amine, SGOT, SGPT, urea, creatinine, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were assessed.

In lacritose consumers, significant reductions were seen in FBG and 2HPP (P < 0.001 and P = 0.05, respectively), although changes among the groups were not significant. In sucrose-lacritose consumers, FBG and cholesterol levels decreased (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). In sucrose consumers, no reduction was seen. HOMA-IR did not significantly decrease, but intergroup changes were obvious.

The lacritose effects on FBG and 2HPP were significantly evident, but the other metabolic indices did not show any significant change.

Honey is one of the most valuable foods that used in human societies to treat many diseases due to its healing properties for centuries. The lack of an objective way to distinguish natural honey from counterfeit honey has strengthened the field of profiteering in this area and has led to the supply of counterfeit honey instead of natural honey. So honey quality must be controlled analytically with the aim of guaranteeing the reality and preserving the consumer from commercial speculation.

The present study was conducted to evaluate 24 samples of 9 commercial brands of honey in Tehran’s markets with number 1 to 9 (1-AB, 2-TF, 3-DP, 4-JK, 5-SN, 6-SK, 7-IM, 8-MD, and 9-MH). A number of physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the samples were evaluated.

Carbohydrate composition was determined by GC/Mass to evaluate the contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose. 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde (HMF) was quantified by HPLC-UV and other physicochemical quality parameters including moisture, pH, proline content; and diastase activity were also evaluated according to the Codex Alimentarius.

Only 2 brands met all major international specifications. Although all the parameters of the other brands were conformed, the diastase activity was not in a specific range.

The diastasis activity is considered as the most important factor to evaluate honey quality based on the results of this study.

Globally, soda taxes are gaining momentum as powerful interventions to discourage sugar consumption and thereby reduce the growing burden of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Evidence from early adopters including Mexico and Berkeley, California, confirms that soda taxes can disincentivize consumption through price increases and raise revenue to support government programs. The United Kingdom’s new graduated levy on sweetened beverages is yielding yet another powerful impact: soda manufacturers are reformulating their beverages to significantly reduce the sugar content. Product reformulation – whether incentivized or mandatory – helps reduce overconsumption of sugars at the societal level, moving away from the long-standing notion of individual responsibility in favor of collective strategies to promote health. But as a matter of health equity, soda product reformulation should occur globally, especially in low- and middleincome countries (LMICs), which are increasingly targeted as emerging markets for soda and junk food and are disproportionately impacted by NCDs. As global momentum for sugar reduction increases, governments and public health advocates should harness the power of soda taxes to tackle the economic, social, and informational drivers of soda consumption, driving improvements in food environments and the public’s health.

Bacteria utilize various methods in order to live in protection from adverse environmental conditions. One such method involves biofilm formation; however, this formation is dependent on many factors. The type and concentration of substances such as sugars that are present in an environment can be effective facilitators of biofilm formation.
First, the physico-chemical properties of the bacteria and the target surface were studied via the MATS and contact angle measurement methods. Additionally, adhesion to different surfaces in the presence of various concentrations of sugars was compared in order to evaluate the effect of these factors on the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, which represents a major food contaminant.
Results showed that the presence of sugars has no effect on the bacterial growth rate; all three concentrations of sugars were hydrophilic and demonstrated a high affinity toward binding to the surfaces.
The impact of sugars and other factors on biofilm formation can vary depending on the type of bacteria present.

Aloe vera is used in the food and pharmaceutical as an aid to effective treatment. The purpose of this study is to improve growth, increase production of valuable metabolites and increase the sugars in Aloe vera gel with low cost and high efficiency under water stress conditions.

In this study, Aloe vera potted in greenhouse conditions with four levels of zeolite including 0, 11, 22, and 44 g in 5 kg pots of soil in three replications. The pots were treated under three irrigation levels for five months. Experimental treatments included irrigation in once a week, once every two weeks, and once every three weeks. Some characteristics, as well as amount of production barbaloin and sugars in the plant were measured by HPLC. The data were analyzed using the MSTATC statistical software.  

The study of simple effects and interactions of zeolite application and levels of irrigation, The best results traits were obtained from 22 g Zeolite treatment in 5 kg pots of soil and once every three weeks irrigation. The highest amount of barbaloin was observed in 44 g Zeolite treatment in 5 kg pots of soil with  once a week irrigation. The highest amount different sugars was obtained from 44 g Zeolite treatment in 5 kg pots of soil with once every two weeks irrigation.    

Zeolite is effective in improving the morphological traits, which in this study increased amount of barbaloin, and levels of polysaccharides in Aloe vera gel under water stress conditions.