جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « toothpastes » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of common gum protection and antiplaque toothpastes against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) as important periodontal pathogens.

This experimental study investigated the antimicrobial activity of 15 commonly used toothpastes from different companies on the two common types of periopathogens, S. oralis and P. gingivalis. The antimicrobial activity of toothpaste was evaluated at three concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25% and analyzed by agar well diffusion plate method and zone of inhibition. The obtained data were compared and statistically analyzed by SPSS software using one‑way ANOVA and the least significant difference post hoc tests (α = 0.05).

One‑way ANOVA showed that the mean diameter of the two‑bacterial zone of inhibition was significantly different at 100%, 50%, and 25% concentrations of toothpastes (P < 0.001). In general, the mean diameter of the zone of inhibition was greater at 100% concentration than the other two concentrations in all toothpastes. The highest zone of inhibition of the S. oralis was in the toothpastes containing tin. Further, the highest zone of inhibition of P. gingivalis was found in the triclosan‑containing toothpastes.

Toothpastes containing triclosan had the most antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis. Moreover, toothpastes containing tin compounds had the most antimicrobial effect against S. oralis.  

The present in vitro study compared the effects of three whitening toothpastes on the surface roughness of a nanohybrid composite resin.

Fifty-five disk-shaped composite resin samples (Opallis) were produced and divided into five groups based on the brushing with toothpastes (n=11): 1. Whitening toothpaste containing blue-covarine (White Now, Signal); 2. Whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide (Optic White, Colgate); 3. Whitening toothpaste containing abrasive agents (Opalescence, Ultradent); 4. Conventional toothpaste (Max Fresh, Colgate); 5. Control (storage in distilled water). Brushing in all test groups was carried out using a brush testing machine. Changes in surface roughness (Ra) and the surface morphology of composite resin were evaluated using profilometry and electron microscopy, respectively. The data were analyzed with paired-samples t-test, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. (α=0.05).

Brushing with different kinds of toothpaste increased the Ra of the composite resin compared to the baseline (p<0.05). There were significant differences in Ra between the groups (P<0.001). The Optic White toothpaste group exhibited higher surface roughness than the conventional toothpaste group (Max Fresh) (P<0.001), with no significant differences from the White Now and Opalescence groups (P=0.065 and P=0.523, respectively).

Hydrogen peroxide-containing whitening toothpastes caused the greatest changes in surface roughness and morphology of the nanohybrid composite resin compared to the conventional toothpaste.

Toothbrushing can potentially abrade the teeth and direct and indirect dental restorations, and may also affect their color. This study aimed to as-sess the color change (∆E) of Ceramill Zolid FX following abrasion with/without toothpaste in two groups of simultaneous and separate staining and glazing.

This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 40 cylindrical specimens measuring 2 x 10 mm fabricated from Ceramill Zolid FX by the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology. The samples were randomly divided into four groups (simultaneous and separate staining and glazing) and subjected to simulation of 3, 6 and 9 years of toothbrushing in a cross-brushing machine with and without toothpaste. The ∆E of specimens was measured before and after the intervention by using Shade Pilot spec-trophotometer, and compared using the Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests (al-pha=0.05).

Significant differences were noted in ∆E of simultaneous staining and glazing control (without toothpaste) and intervention (with toothpaste) groups over time (both P=0.000). Both the control and intervention subgroups in separate staining and glazing group also showed significant differences in ∆E over time (both P=0.000).

The results showed greater color change over time in simultaneous stain-ing and glazing group due to the presence of one layer of stain and glaze, compared with separate staining and glazing. The effect of toothpaste on color change was only significant at 9 years in both simultaneous and separate staining and glazing groups.

This study compared the effect of two whitening toothpastes on composite specimens discolored with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX).

Twenty-four composite specimens were fabricated from Charisma Diamond composite resin. The initial color of specimens was measured according to theCIE L*a*b* color system using a spectrophotometer. The specimens were immersed in 0.2% CHX twice a day for 1 minute each time, for 2 weeks. The color of specimens was measured again, and the specimens were assigned to three groups (n=8). The control group specimens were immersed in distilled water. The two test group specimens were brushed twice daily for 21 days with Oral B toothbrush and Signal White Now and Crest 3D White whitening toothpastes each time for 30 seconds. The color of specimens was measured again. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and t-test.

CHX increased the a, b, and L color parameters in all groups. There were no significant differences in ΔL (P=0.10), Δa (P=0.24), and Δb (P=0.07) among the study groups. The a, b, and L parameters decreased after brushing the specimens discolored with 0.2% CHX with the whitening toothpastes. There were significant differences in ΔL (P=0.03), Δa (P=0.02), and Δb (P=0.01) among the three study groups after using the whitening toothpastes. The highest ΔL, Δa, Δb, and ΔE values were recorded in Crest 3D White group, followed by Signal White Now group.

Crest 3D White whitening toothpaste had higher efficacy to resume the original color of composite specimens discolored with 0.2% CHX.

This study aimed to assess the effect of different whitening toothpastes containing activated charcoal, abrasive particles or hydrogen peroxide on the color of aged microhybrid composite.

In this in vitro, experimental study, 45 composite discs (2 mm × 7 mm) were fabricated of a microhybrid composite.They underwent accelerated artificial aging for 300 h, corresponding to 1 year of clinical service. The composites were then randomly divided into five groups (n = 9). One group served as the control and underwent tooth brushing with distilled water. The remaining four groups underwent tooth brushing with Colgate Total whitening (Gt), Colgate Optic White (Go), Perfect White Black (Gp) and Bencer (Gb) toothpastes in a brushing machine The International Commission on Illumination values (Lm, am, bm) were determined using a spectrophotometer. Color change (ΔE) calculated based on this formula: ΔEm= ([ΔLm] 2 + [Δam] 2 + [Δbm] 2)½. The differences were defined by ΔE1 (after aging‑baseline),ΔE2 (after brushing‑after aging) and ΔE3 (after brushing‑base line). ΔE1 were evaluated to ensure that color mismatch had occurred (∆E1 > 5.5). Difference in (L, a, b) parameters after aging and after tooth brushing in each group, color parameter changes (ΔL2, Δa2, Δb2, ΔL3, Δa3, Δb3) and ΔE2 and ΔE3 were analyzed and compared usingWilcoxon test and independent sample median test at P = 0.05 level of significance.

The color parameter changes, ΔE3 and ∆ E2 were not significantly different among the five groups (P > 0.05). In Gp and Gb charcoal a*, b*, and L* after tooth brushing (P < 0.05). In Colgate Optic group, the a* parameter significantly decreased while the L* parameter significantly increased (P < 0.05).

The results showed that there is no significant difference in the color change of Spectrum composite following tooth brushing with different whitening toothpastes for two weeks. It should be noted that ∆ E3 reached to <3.3 only in charcoal whitening toothpastes.

Recently, toothpastes containing herbal antimicrobial ingredients have gained popularity due to their reduced side effects. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of two herbal toothpastes and a nonherbal type on pathogens responsible for caries and periodontal disease.

Full and 1:3 concentrations of two herbal toothpastes (Himalaya® and Herbex®) and a nonherbal type as the positive control (Crest® cavity protection) were prepared. Sterile distilled water was considered as the negative control. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) were cultivated on agar plates and incubated after adding toothpaste preparations. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured in millimeters. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey Post-hoc tests were applied at P <0.05.

The mean margin diameter was higher in full concentration than the diluted 1:3 formula for all examined toothpastes (P <0.001). All three toothpaste types exerted a significant antimicrobial effect compared to the negative control (P <0.05). The antimicrobial effect of Herbex® on S. sobrinus was significantly lower than the positive control, and it was significantly less effective against S. mutans compared to Himalaya (P <0.05). Furthermore, the efficacy of Himalaya® on L. casei and A.a was significantly lower than the positive control (P <0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in other pair comparisons.

Considering the observed efficacy of herbal toothpastes against cariogenic bacteria and periopathogens, they potentially qualify as complementary agents for self-care oral hygiene procedures.

Toothpastes and mouthwashes contain chemicals that may be harmful to oral tissues. This study assessed the cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of toothpastes and compare the Iranian and foreign toothpastes and mouthwashes available in the Iranian market in this respect.

Twenty samples (13 toothpastes and 4 mouthwashes) were selected. The cytotoxicity of 1, 10, and 50 mg/mL of toothpastes and 0.05, 2 and 10 µL of mouthwashes was measured after 1, 15 and 30 min of exposure to human gingival fibroblasts, each in triplicate. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used for cytotoxicity testing. The serial dilution method was utilized to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each sample against Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used for data analysis.

A significant difference in cytotoxicity was noted among different products (P=0.00). The difference in cytotoxicity of each sample was not significant at 1, 15 and 30 min (P=0.08). The obtained MIC for all toothpastes and mouthwashes was between 0.0039 mg/mL and 0.0156 mg/mL, except for Sensodyne toothpaste and Oral B mouthwash.

Some brands of toothpastes have higher cytotoxicity due to their composition, and their cytotoxicity should not be overlooked. The antibacterial activity of the samples was almost equal when they were in contact with L. acidophilus and S. mutans except for the Irsha mouthwash, Sehat, Darugar and Bath toothpastes. The antibacterial effect of toothpastes and mouthwashes increased with an increase in exposure time.

Given the importance of primary dental caries, assessment of new preventive/ therapeutic materials is necessary. In light of the scarcity of such studies on the role of new agents in primary dentition, this study assessed the efficacy of three commercial toothpastes with different ingredients on remineralization of early caries in the primary dentition.

Thirty‑nine intact primary canines were used in this in vitro experimental study. The baseline microhardness of enamel was measured. Particular demineralizer was used for 96 h and then secondary microhardness was measured. Then, samples were divided into three groups treated by toothpastes with sodium fluoride, chitosan, and casein phosphopeptide‑amorphous calcium phosphate and sodium monofluorophosphate (CPP‑ACP+SMFP). Each group was incubated and pH‑cycled. Subsequently, they were demineralized and remineralized using toothpastes. Eventually, tertiary microhardness was measured. Percent of enamel microhardness recovery (EMHR%) and efficacy of toothpastes in remineralization were established. Data were analyzed using paired t‑test, repeated‑measures test, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U‑test (α = 0.05, 0.017).

Demineralization significantly reduced microhardness from 316.2 to 248.5 Vickers hardness number (VHN) (P = 0.000). All toothpastes succeeded to remineralize the enamel significantly (P = 0.000). The efficacies of toothpastes differed significantly (P < 0.05). Mean EMHR percentages of toothpastes incorporating NaF, chitosan, and CPP‑ACP+SMFP were 75.1%, 52.5%, and 55.8%, respectively. The highest increases in enamel microhardness were observed after using NaF‑containing toothpaste (~53 VHN) which was significantly superior to other toothpastes (P ≤ 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between EMHR percentages of toothpastes including chitosan and CPP‑ACP+SMFP (P = 0.739).

Although all three toothpastes could increase the microhardness of primary enamel, NaF toothpaste was superior to others. Toothpastes having chitosan and CPP‑ACP+SMFP acted rather similarly.

Oral health can influence general health and then the quality of life. Regular toothbrushing with toothpaste plays a fundamental role in oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of utilization of toothpaste among Iranian population.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the family members of patients (n=715) presenting to dental clinics of School of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, in 2017. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the pattern of utilization of toothpaste by the subjects. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test via SPSS 25.

Of all, 81% participants reported that they personally use toothpaste when toothbrushing and 75.9% stated that all the family members used toothpaste when brushing their teeth. Moreover, 57.2% reported that all the family members shared the same toothpaste; 86.6% reported that they started brushing the teeth of their children at the age of 3 years. When asked about the factors considered when for purchasing - toothpaste, the most important factors were the manufacturing country (42.5%), date of production (38.7%), having standard and authenticity labels (29.5%), the price (29.5%).

According to the results, Iranian families have inadequate knowledge about the correct pattern of use of toothpastes.

Reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms can contribute to reducing the incidence and epidemiology of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of Ardox-X active oxygen-containing toothpaste on periodontal indices in patients with at least 1 to 2 implants.

In this crossover randomized clinical trial, 30 subjects were randomly divided into two groups (n=15). Oral hygiene instructions were delivered to all subjects before the study. Scaling and root planing (SRP) were performed for all subjects. The subjects were instructed to brush with Oral-B toothpaste and toothbrush twice daily for at least two minutes. All subjects returned 10 days later, and the plaque index (PI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were measured. The first group received Ardox-X, and the second group received Oral-B toothpaste. Both groups presented after 7 days, and GBI and PI ​​were measured. SRP was performed again, and the plaque was zeroed. Both groups spent the wash-out period for 10 days. Next, the indices were measured again. The Ardox-X group received Oral-B toothpaste and vice versa. After 7 days, both groups returned, and the indices were measured again. T-test was used for statistical analysis.

No significant difference was observed in the PI changes between the control (0.88±0.22%) and case (0.83±0.22%) groups (P<0.6). The changes in the GBI were significantly different between the control (3.9±3.4%) and case (1.5±2%) groups (P<0.01).

The results of this study showed that Ardox-X toothpaste performs better than the control group (Oral-B) in terms of the GBI.

In recent years, the use of herbal oral care products has been taken into consideration for reducing dental plaque accumulation. Propolis has been widely used in medicine due to its multiple biological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiplaque efficacy of an herbal toothpaste containing propolis in comparison with a control group.

This single-blind parallel clinical trial was conducted among 60 dental students. The baseline plaque index was evaluated using a plaque in-dicator one hour after brushing without toothpaste. Participants were randomly as-signed to two groups: (A) herbal toothpaste with propolis, and (B) herbal toothpaste without propolis. After four weeks, the plaque index was re-examined and recorded. Quantitative variables were analyzed by independent t-test, and the mean and standard deviation (SD) were reported. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean plaque index differences were not significant between the two groups at the beginning of the study, while there was a significant difference after four weeks (P˂0.001). The results signify an approximate 1.7-unit reduction in the mean plaque index of subjects using toothpaste with propolis in comparison with a 0.7-unit reduction in subjects using toothpaste without propolis.

The herbal toothpaste containing propolis was more effective in reducing plaque accumulation in comparison with the control group. Considering the effect of propolis-containing toothpastes on the reduction of dental plaque accumulation, these can be used as an effective oral hygiene product.

This study aims to compare the antimicrobial activity of theobromine and two commercially available kid’s fluoride toothpastes. In this in vitro study a chocolate‑based nonfluoride toothpaste, Theobromine (Group A) and two commercially available kid’s fluoride toothpaste, Kidodent (Group B), Colgate kids toothpaste (Group C) were used in this study. Freeze‑dried stock culture of the strains of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans was cultured in their respective selective media. Dentifrices were added to the wells punched out in the culture media and incubated. The zones of inhibition were measured to find out the antimicrobial activity. all data statistically analyzed SPSS using Kolmogorov–Smironov and Shapiro–Wilk’s tests. one‑way ANOVA was done and Turkey’s honest significant difference post hoc test was done for pairwise comparison P ≤ 0.001. Theobromine showed a greater zone of inhibition, which was statistically significant when compared to other two kid’s fluoride toothpastes. Theobromine shows more antimicrobial effect against S. mutans, L. acidophilus, and E. faecalis, whereas almost a neutral effect with C. albicans. Theobromine though nonfluoridated toothpaste showed greater zones of inhibition than other commercially available fluoridated kid’s toothpastes.

Using fluoridated toothpaste is the most feasible and common form of applying fluoride. Fluoride absorption could increase tooth microhardness. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the changes of primary tooth enamel microhardness following KAM, BATH, and CREST pediatric toothpaste use.

In total, 45 healthy primary molar teeth were randomly divided into three 15-membered groups. The microhardness of samples was measured before the test (step 1). Each sample was immersed into 5mL of 1% stirred citric acid; then, in 10 mL of 1%, unstirred citric acid for 15 minutes, and microhardness was re-measured (step 2). Then, the samples were immersed in the suspension of three different toothpaste types (5 g toothpaste +10 mL artificial saliva). Microhardness was re-measured 10 days later (step 3). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were applied for statistical analysis.

Demineralization decreased the surface microhardness of enamel (P=0.001). Moreover, the surface microhardness recovery was significant in all groups (P=0.001). The greatest recovery in microhardness after the treatment with toothpastes belonged to KAM toothpaste; however, there were no significant differences between surface microhardness produced by the three toothpastes.

There was no significant difference in microhardness changes after applying KAM (MFP, 200 ppm), BATH (MFP, 132 ppm) and CREST (NaF, 500 ppm) toothpastes. Thus, the use of Iranian pediatric toothpastes, which are inexpensive and have lower concentration of fluoride, are recommended.

To evaluate the effect of brushing after application of 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) on the surface roughness of three types of composite resins. Twenty samples measuring 4 mm in height and diameter were prepared from each of three composite resin types including microfilled; Heliomolar HB (MF), nanohybrid; IPS Empress Direct (NH) and microhybrid; Tetric Ceram HB (MH). After polishing, the initial surface roughness was measured with a profilometer. The tray technique was used to apply 15% CP gel for 6 hours. Then, the cleaning step was carried out with an electric toothbrush (Oral-B, Vitality Precision Model) for 3 minutes within a tank containing a freshly mixed toothpaste. These procedures were repeated for 21 days. Then the surface roughness was measured again and compared with the initial values. The mixed ANOVA model was used for the analysis of data (P<0.05). At baseline roughness was significantly lower in MF compared to the NH and MH (p<0.001). Roughness increased within all study groups over the intervention period; however, it was not statistically significant in the MH (p>0.05). Furthermore, there was a smaller increase of roughness in MF than in NH (p < 0.001) and MH (p = 0.02). The effect of intervention was more pronounced in NH and MH groups. Surface roughness changes were minor in MF composite resin.

Objectives: One of the economical ways of dental caries prevention is using fluoride containing toothpastes. For fluoride to be effective in toothpastes, significant amount of fluoride need to be in solution form. Global standard of fluoride content of toothpastes is 1500 ppm (part per million).This study aimed to determine fluoride content of some special toothpastes. Methods : This research was cross-sectional and laboratory study. In this study five brands of different toothpastes including: Crest, Sensodyne, Colgate, Unique, Beam were provided and total fluoride of each was determined using ion-selection method and then the fluoride content of each brand compared to the global standard amount. The data was analyzed byone sample t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Results: Sensodyne had 735 ppm, Beam got 76.12, Colgate got 1195 ppm, Unique got 426 ppm and lastly Crest had 1605.70 amount of fluoride in their composition. Quantitative analysis indicated total fluoride content of Sensodyne ,Beam, Unique were significantly below global standard at 0.05 level (p<0.05) in terms of fluoride content whereas total fluoride content of Crest and Colgate had no significant difference with global standard (p<0.05). Conclusion : The results showed that Crest and Colgate met the standard of global fluoride content

In recent years, beneficial effects of herbal hygienic products and toothpastes have significantly been emphasized. This study sought to assess the effects of Masdent toothpaste which contains Pistacia Lentiscus (PL) extract on plaque index and Streptococcus mutans(SM) and Lactobacillus (LB) count in saliva.
This study was conducted on 60 students aged 18-20 years. Participants were asked to brush their teeth twice a day for four weeks with the assigned toothpaste, Masdent toothpaste which contains PL extract in the case group and Crest toothpaste in the control group. Plaque index was recorded at the onset and end of the study, and salivary samples were taken for SM and LB colony count. Mann-Whitney, independent t- and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analysis. P Number of SM and LB colonies significantly decreased in both groups(P Use of herbal toothpaste containing PL extract and Crest toothpaste had similar effects and both significantly decreased SM and LB salivary counts as well as the plaque index.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of toothpaste on the frictional resistance between stainless steel brackets and archwires.
Ninety stainless steel orthodontic brackets with stainless steel wires were bonded to bovine teeth and were divided into 6 groups for application of the following toothpastes: Colgate® Total® Advanced Whitening, Colgate® Total® Pro Gum Health, Colgate® Anticavity, Ortho.Kin®, and Sunstar GUM® Ortho toothpastes. No toothpaste was applied in the control group. Each group was brushed by a brushing machine with the use of the designated solution for 4.5 minutes. The frictional force was measured in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/minute over a 5-mm archwire. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 0.05 significance level.
The frictional resistance values of Ortho.Kin® and GUM® Ortho toothpastes and the control group were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences between the frictional resistance values of Colgate® Total® Pro Gum Health and Colgate® Anticavity toothpastes with that of the control group (P Among the evaluated toothpastes, the orthodontic toothpastes did not increase the frictional resistance between the orthodontic stainless steel brackets and wires.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of three desensitizing dentifrices on dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) and salivary biochemical characteristics.
A randomized, parallel arm, triple‑blinded, clinical trial was conducted over a period of 12 weeks, with a total of three visits: baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Calcium sodium phosphosilicate, potassium nitrate and amine fluoride dentifrices were compared. A total of 68 subjects who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included and randomly divided into four groups. Visual analog scale scores for controlled air stimulus were used to assess dentinal sensitivity and salivary pH and buffering capacity were recorded at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks.
All groups showed a reduction in sensitivity scores at 6 and 12 weeks. The calcium sodium phosphosilicate group showed a higher degree of effectiveness in reducing DH than potassium nitrate, amine fluoride dentifrices, and placebo for sensitivity measures. Salivary pH of calcium sodium phosphosilicate group was more toward neutral, and the buffering capacity of the same group showed significant changes from baseline to 6 and 12 weeks compared to the other groups.
The desensitizing toothpaste containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate was found to be more effective in reducing DH and showed improvement in salivary biochemical characteristics over a period of 12 weeks compared to others.