جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « trans » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Among aromatic hydrocarbons, exposure to benzene, as a known carcinogen, has the highest health risk. trans,trans-muconic acid (tt-MA) is a non-toxic product of benzene metabolism. This study aimed to select a simple, rapid, and more economical method for determination of t,t-MA. This study reviewed some reported methods for extraction of t,t-MA from urine samples in order to propose the most cost-effective one. Findings: After reviewing some related literatures, four methods solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE), and dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) were found for extraction of t,t-MA. After surveying the advantages and disadvantages of the mentioned methods, it was found that the PDLLME method can be considered as one of the most appropriate methods for detecting t,t-MA in the urine samples, due to its high recovery and easy application.

Breakfast has been known as the most important daily meal. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of using trans-theoretical model education on regular breakfast consumption in students of Jiroft, Iran.
This quasi-experimental study was performed on 290 students randomly divided into the control and experimental groups. The data collection instrument was a standard questionnaire. Educational intervention was conducted based on the Trans-theoretical model. Data were collected before the educational intervention and 3 months after that. Data analysis was done through SPSS 19.0 software and using Wilcoxon and Chi square tests.
Before the educational program, 17% of students in the intervention group were at the action and maintenance stage; in which after the education, this rate increased to 87.7%. Results indicated significant increase in breakfast consumption and mean scores of process change (from 71.47 to 86.16), self- efficacy (from 27.84 to 33.57) and decision balance (from 34.97 to 43.74) (P Educational intervention based on the trans-theoretical model created adequate changes in nutritional behavior of the students over a 3 months period. Given the low cost and effectiveness of this educational model, generalization of such educational programs seems to be necessary.

The high prevalence of hypertension all over the world and serious side effects is a major health problem in all societies. To reduce these effects, control of blood pressure is very important. Regular physical activity is one of the most effective strategies to reduce the risk of some noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular. The present study aimed to determine the effect of training of physical activity based on Trans-theoretical Model for controlling blood pressure.
In this semi-experimental study, 60 patients with high blood pressure were selected by sampling method and randomly divided into either control or interventional groups. The means of Data collection was multi-part questionnaire that was included demographic characteristics, stages of change questions and factors affecting the Trans-theoretical model and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. Questionnaires completed for two groups and then educational intervention was done in the intervention group. After two months, questionnaires were completed for both groups again. Data were analyzed in SPSS and t-test and Chi-square were used according to the data distribution.
Statistical analysis didnt show a significant difference between the two groups before the education regarding their stages of change, Decisional balance, physical activity, blood pressure and processes of change (p Education and intervention based on Trance theoretical Model, results to physical activity behaviors promotion and reduce high blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

Osteoporosis is a major public health priority in Iran and the world. Recently, prevention of osteoporosis has become the goal of many health professionals. Behavior change is one of the most powerful strategies for osteoporosis prevention. This study aimed to determine the predictors of osteoporosis prevention behavior in women aged 30-50 in Khorramabad. This descriptive-inferential cross-sectional study included 269 women aged 30-50 selected from all the health centers of Khorramabad according to the inclusion criteria of the study and through cluster and systematic sampling method. Data gathering tools were valid and reliable questionnaires of demographic information, stages of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy, and physical activity. Chi-square test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and logistic regression were applied to analyze the data. The mean age of the subjects was 38.72±7.003, and the mean light weekly physical activity was 38.83±56.400. The results also showed that the construct of self-efficacy had the highest predictive power of preventive behavior. The results showed that self-efficacy among the constructs of the Trans-theoretical Model was the only predictive construct for osteoporosis prevention behavior. Therefore, the findings of this study can serve as a base for educational interventions in behavioral changes to prevent osteoporosis by health authorities.

Trans-theoretical Model is one of theoretical approaches to the promotion of physical activity which represents behavior change as a process which passes through the definite stages. This study was conducted to investigate application of Trans-theoretical Model to identify determinants of physical activity behavior in the college students. This cross-sectional study was performed with participation of 200 college students which selected by systematic random sampling method. Data gathering instrument was a Questionnaire that includes: Stages of Exercise Change Questionnaire (SECQ), self-efficacy for physical activity and decisional balance questions. Test-retest method was used for reliability of SECQ and Alpha Cronbach's Methods for self-efficacy and decisional balance questions (0.82, 0.72, and 0.77, respectively). Data was analyzed using SPSS19 by use of central indexes, one way ANOVA, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression. Generally, distribution of individuals according to the physical activity stages was as follow: pre-contemplation 42%, contemplation 13%, preparation 15%, action 11.5%, and maintenance 18.5%. Average physical activity in week was 150.6±161.2 minutes. The level of physical activity through the stages of change (from precontemplation to maintenance) showed an increasing trend (p<0.001). Stages of change, self-efficacy and decisional balance, significantly predicted physical activity (p<0.001). Given to the importance of the Trans-theoretical Model constructs in predicting physical activity behavior, we propose that educational intervention based on these constructs, performed to promote physical activity, especially for the students of passive stages (pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation).

Benzene is one of the main pollutants in air and one of the most extensive chemical compound used in both natural and industrial processes. Benzene exposure leads to the most dangerous adverse health effects, particularly blood cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gas station workers’ exposure to benzene by measuring benzene in breathing air and urinary trans, trans-muconic acid. This cross-sectional study conducted in summer 2014 investigated 40 gas station workers and 40 occupationally non-exposed persons. Spot urine samples were obtained prior to and at the end of the work shift from each subject. The urinary levels of trans, trans-muconic acid was determined by liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detector. At the end of the work shift, the benzene collected on sorbing cartridges was desorbed using carbon disulfide and was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection. The mean value for exposure to benzene in breathing zone of gas station workers was 5.90 ±1.93 ppm, which was significantly greater than the occupationally non exposed group (1.15±0.744 ppm). The mean urinary concentrations of trans, trans-muconic acid differed significantly between samples of gas station workers (64.75±19.47 μg/L) and occupationally non-exposed persons (47.10±13.67 μg/L). A good correlation (r = 0.581) between the mean values of benzene in breathing zone and the urinary concentration trans, trans-muconic acid was observed. Gas station workers were found to be probably the most exposed groups in this study. Inhalation is presumably the main route of exposure in gas station workers.

A diet rich of fruits and vegetables, especially in adolescence due to fast growth during this period and need for a lot of nutrients, is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between decisional balance and self-efficacy with stages of change for consumption of fruits and vegetables in high school students in Bandar Abbas. In this cross-sectional study data of 345 students studying in eight high schools of Bandar Abbas was analyzed. In order to collect data separate questionnaires to measure each of the variables included stages of change for consumption of fruit and vegetables, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy were designed. Decisional balance was measured as perceived benefits minus perceived barriers. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software and One-Way ANOVA. The results showed that with the progress of students from precontemplation stage to maintenance stage, decisional balance and self-efficacy for consumption of fruits has significantly increased (P<0.001). The lowest level of decisional balance and self-efficacy for consumption of fruits was in students who were in precontemplation stage and the highest was in students who were in maintenance stage. Regarding consumption of vegetables the same trend was observed. It is recommended that in designing interventions in order to modify and change behaviors related to consumption of fruits and vegetables, decisional balance and self-efficacy be considered and in educational programs based on trans-theoretical model increasing the perceived benefits and self-efficacy and decreasing the perceived barriers be emphasized.

Despite all its advantages, many people still engage less physical activity in their leisure time. In this context, a theory-based intervention to promote physical activity in women referred to Izeh health centers was designed. In a quasi-experimental study, a random sample of 120 women was selected and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. A valid and reliable questionnaire including data on stages of change, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and processes of change were used to collect the data. Data were gathered at baseline. educational intervention including lecture and group discussion was implemented for the experimental group. After 3-month follow-up, data were collected again and analyzed via SPSS16 using t test and Chi-square at the level of 0.05 significance. Although before the intervention, there was no significant association between experimental group and control, after the intervention, stage transition was significant between the two groups (p<0.05). The mean scores of the variables increased: self-efficacy (from 19.38±4.03 to 23.60±2.79), benefits (from 11.95±5.18 to 19.95±6.03), processes of change (from 33±7.57 to 47.23±5.01). This difference was not significant for barriers between two groups (p>0.05). Implementing interventional programs based on Trans-theoretical Model could improve physical activity behavior.

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a derivative of vitamin A, exerts fundamental effects on regulation of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown an increase in resistance of gastric adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin and 5 fluorouracil. In this study, we investigated a combination treatment of ATRA with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil on gastric (AGS) and esophageal (KYSE-30) cancer cell lines. KYSE-30 and AGS cell lines were cultured in RPMT-1640, including sub-toxic concentration of ATRA (13.6 and 3.6µM respectively) for 6 days and then they were treated with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for 72h. The effects of combination treatment were tested by MTT assay, ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) staining and flow cytometry. Determination of IC50 (Inhibitory concentration of 50%) with MTT assay showed that combination treatment had cytotoxic effect on both cell lines. IC50 value of the combined drugs was lower than the IC50 of drugs alone (p<0/05). The percentage of apoptotic cells increased in comparison to drugs alone in EB/AO staining (p<0/05). Furthermore, there was an indication that the combination of ATRA with cisplatin caused increased cell cycle arrest at G2/M in AGS and KYSE-30 cells. Also, ATRA and 5FU induced enhanced cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase in KYSE-30 and AGS cells (p<0/001). Our findings demonstrate that sub-toxic concentration of combination treatment of ATRA with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil induces further cytotoxic effects on KYSE-30 and AGS cancer cell lines.

The ability to perform a self-assessment as a critical competency of professionalism is considered essential for medical students at the Medical Education Accreditation Council. In this study, interns’ status of readiness to change was investigated in terms of self-assessment of clinical competency in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences using construct of the stages of change of trans-theoretical model. In this descriptive study 127 interns were selected through Morgan table based on convenient sampling in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2013-2014 academic years. The data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, background information and questions about the construct of the stages of change. After verifying the validity and reliability, questionnaires were completed through self-administration method. One-way ANOVA, T-test, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. More than half of the students (70.48%) were at the early stages of pre-contemplation and contemplation in the Trans-theoretical Model. A Bout (4/9%) of them had passed the pre-contemplation and contemplation and assessed their own clinical competency. Also 15.57% of the students were at the stage that self-assessment of clinical competency was part of their behavior. Results show that most medical students do not assess their clinical performance despite the fact that self-assessment and identification of educational needs are necessary for lifelong learning. It is recommended that self-assessment be used along with other assessment methods.