جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "treatment efficacy" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

To assess the impact of budesonide-formoterol on pulmonary ventilation function and prognosis in patients with mild-to-moderate acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma. A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 232 patients with acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma. These patients were divided into 2 groups based on their treatment: a control group (n=104) receiving budesonide dry powder inhalation and an observation group (n=107) receiving budesonide-formoterol dry powder inhalation. Clinical efficacy and safety indicators were compared. The results showed that the total treatment effectiveness rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Following treatment, the observation group exhibited significantly higher scores in the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), as well as improved levels of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF), compared to the control group. Moreover, levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein were significantly lower in the observation group. The incidence of adverse reactions between groups was comparable. Based on these findings, the application of budesonide-formoterol demonstrated significant effectiveness in patients with mild-to-moderate acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma. The combination therapy led to improved clinical outcomes, including enhanced pulmonary ventilation function and reduced inflammatory markers. Importantly, the safety profile of budesonide-formoterol was comparable to that of budesonide monotherapy. These results highlight the potential benefits of using budesonide-formoterol as an alternative treatment option for patients experiencing acute exacerbations of mild-to-moderate bronchial asthma.

 Addressing the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a significant challenge for healthcare systems globally. Despite the absence of a proven cure, ivermectin has been proposed as a potentially effective agent against it.

 This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of ivermectin compared to a placebo group in non-critically ill confirmed COVID-19 patients.

 A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 110 patients with moderate-to-severe (non-critical) confirmed COVID-19 infection. The patients were equally divided into two groups, with one group receiving ivermectin tablets (14 mg every 12 hours for three days) and the other group receiving a placebo. The efficacy and safety of ivermectin were assessed in both groups.

 A total of 110 patients, including 62 (56.4%) men and 48 (43.6%) women, with an average age of 53.36 ± 15.10 years, were enrolled in our double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. The findings demonstrated that ivermectin significantly reduced the need for Intensive Care Unit admission (32.7% vs. 5.5%; P < 0.001), hospitalization duration (six vs. four days; P < 0.001), and median time to symptom resolution period (P < 0.05) in COVID-19 patients compared to the placebo group, without any serious side effects (P > 0.05).

 Ivermectin appears to be a potentially effective and safe medication for COVID-19 patients with moderate disease.

Tuberculosis (TB) causes over a million deaths annually and is still one of the most important public health problems worldwide. According to the World Health Organization estimates, the highest rates of TB in the European Region are in Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, and Uzbekistan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spectrum of nonspecific microorganisms isolated in patients with multidrug-resistant TB in Central Kazakhstan and to assess their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs.

The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 with multidrug-resistant forms of pulmonary TB (n = 107 patients); group 2 with sensitive forms of pulmonary TB (n = 122 patients). Gender, age, and social status of the patients were studied. Microorganisms were identified using the MALDI-TOF method. The statistical significance of different values for binary and nominal parameters was determined using the chi-square test. Changes in binary variables were analyzed using the McNeimer test.

During the study, an expectedly high proportion of tetracycline-resistant pneumococcal strains (66.7% and 60%, respectively) was isolated, which was a consequence of a long-term and practically uncontrolled use of these drugs in Kazakhstan. Fluoroquinolones showed low activity. The results showed that beta-lactam antibacterial drugs maintained their high activity against the causative agents of pneumococcal infection.

It was concluded that secondary microorganisms isolated in patients with multidrug-resistant TB were represented by the strains that were resistant to modern antibacterial drugs. Therefore, for appropriate antibiotic prescription, it is necessary to study materials from the respiratory system in all patients admitted for TB treatment to study the spectrum of nonspecific microorganisms and assess their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs.

A successful delivery depends on the coordinated work of all medical personnel. Compliance with the basic principles of teamwork is the key to the quality of medical care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the issues of teamwork of healthcare professionals during delivery.

This descriptive study was conducted in 2019 in Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan. A total of 40 doctors and 40 midwives who provide inpatient care for women during childbirth took part in the study. Based on the questionnaire, the authors conducted a standardized survey. The tools for statistical processing of the obtained data were Microsoft Excel and Software IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. The authors used the Student's t-test to calculate the significance of differences.

The results of the study showed that 85% of the respondents believed that the size of the team did not require changes. Approximately 2/3 of the respondents evaluated the efficacy of delivery techniques used by the team as “medium” and “low”. Compliance with the general approach based on mutually agreed principles was partial. The opinions of the doctors and midwives differed significantly regarding fair distribution of responsibilities in the team and the level of trust in the team.

As a result of the study, it was concluded that there is an urgent need to introduce modern team-building technologies into the daily practice of healthcare professionals of the obstetrician-gynecological service.

One of the relatively common symptoms in non-fluent aphasia is agrammatism. Agrammatism is characterized with low syntactic complexity and deficits in verb inflection, especially tense markers. Verbs as the main core of sentences in the Persian language have vital functions for people to have effective communication.

The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of morphosemantic method on verb-tense inflection in Persian-speaking patients with aphasia and agrammatism.

Morphosemantic treatment was conducted in five stages in a case report study. The material was 46 black and white line-drawing pictures related to 23 verbs including 10 training, 10 expansion, and three exemplar verbs drawn in present and past tenses. In three phases, the percentage of correct verb inflection in the training and expansion verbs was measured and also the graph examination of level, slope of trend, and C statistic, 2-standard deviation band, effect size (percentage of non-overlapping data), and d statistic were used to analyze the data.

Both participants demonstrated significant changes in training and expansion verbs during therapeutic sessions in comparison with the baseline. The effect of therapy was maintained for a three-week follow-up.

Therapy for verb inflection in spontaneous speech is clinically important. The current study demonstrated that morphosemantic method can be successfully used for tense marker deficits in Persian-speaking patients with aphasia and agrammatism.