جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "women" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The modern world and the world of technology claim order and regularity in several aspects of life. However, the disruption of the balance in the global power structure, the existing disorder, and the ringing of the bell of war by the violent people make the daily life of human societies a system of disorder and chaos. The media plays an effective and significant role both in formulating and developing women's legal literature in international relations and global communications and the development of the women’s health system. This study has criticized the performance of the media from the viewpoint of providing the right to women's health by analyzing and describing the news published about women in the recent wars. The evidence suggests that female combatants experience war in the same way as male ones, but the experience after the war has not been pleasant for them and has brought many psychological consequences for them, and their emotional health has been affected. The media's approach to the role, position, and contribution of women during the recent war indicates the impact of the power institution and authoritarian structures, which is necessary for the media, health, and legal system of the country, to develop a legal-media system for empowering female combatants and not limiting their right to health in times of war and peace considering the ethnic, cultural, religious commonalities.

The study's goal was to find out how well acceptance and commitment-based treatment worked for women going through divorce who were afraid of being negatively evaluated and experiencing anxiety.

Women considering divorce who sought help from family counseling facilities in Kerman City during the first three months of 2013 were the subjects of this semi-experimental pre-test-post-test study, which included a control group. The samples were split into two groups of 15 individuals at random. In an experiment, eight 60-minute mindfulness training sessions were given to one group. For the control group, no particular treatment approach was offered. A post-test was administered to both groups following the conclusion of the treatment period. The Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire (BFNES) and Wells Anxiety were among the instruments utilized. For analysis, multivariate analysis of variance and covariance were employed.

According to the findings, women going through a divorce who received treatment based on acceptance and commitment experienced less anxiety and fear of negative evaluation; the linear combination of anxiety and fear of negative evaluation was affected by this treatment by 0.903. Anxiety was reduced by 0.807%, and fear of a negative evaluation was reduced by 0.685% with acceptance and commitment-based therapy.

Psychologists should use the acceptance and commitment-based therapy approach along with other treatment approaches to help women going through divorce feel less anxious and afraid of being negatively evaluated. Research indicates that this approach may be extremely effective.

Evidence shows that environmental and social factors may influence people’s behavior and their choice to smoke hookah. This study determines the effective factors in hookah consumption behavior and designs an educational intervention program based on social cognitive theory to reduce hookah consumption among women in Bandar Abbas City, Hormozgan Province, Iran.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with two groups (intervention group and control group) using the framework of social cognition theory in women with over 15 years of hookah consumption. The sample size for each group was estimated at 120 people. They were randomly selected within 2 stages from four comprehensive health service centers (2 intervention centers and 2 control centers) in Bandar Abbas City, Iran. The tool for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was validated. The educational intervention was conducted in six face-to-face and six non-face-to-face sessions in 2 months with a three-month follow-up. One of the primary outcomes of this study was the reduction of hookah use, and the secondary outcomes included quitting hookah and changes in the determinants of hookah consumption.

The results of this study provided information about the determinants of hookah use in women, thereby helping policymakers, government, society, health professionals, and families to take necessary measures to reduce or quit smoking

Drug addiction, as one of the most important health, mental, and social problems, causes people to conduct dangerous behaviors. Different population groups are predisposed to drug addiction. This study aimed to compare the predisposing factors of women and men to drug addiction.

The present study was a comparative descriptive study in which 350 drug addicts referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran City, Iran, participated. They were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of demographic characteristics and a researcher-made questionnaire of factors predisposing to addiction, which included 62 questions in 5 dimensions. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 22. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data, and inferential statistical tests (t-test, Fisher exact test, chi-square test) were used to analyze them. A significance level of 0.05 was considered significant.

The Mean±SD female and male addicts’ ages were 29.62±7.5 and 33.08±7.9 years, respectively. The most common cause of addiction to drugs in both groups was psychological factors. Among the problems in the family, both groups stated that they had a lot of strictness, laxity, tension, and violent behavior in the family, which was statistically significant (P<0.005).

Di-oblems in society. Our results will increase managers’ and planners’ awareness of implementing policies and preventive and control measures for addiction to prevent its consequences.

Middle age serves as a crucial transitional phase between youth and old age in women’s health, making it a critical period for women. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the experiences of life changes among middle-aged women.

This study was conducted using qualitative content analysis from September to December 2022 in Zahedan. The participants included 10 middle-aged women selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected through individual face-to-face interviews, and all interviews were subsequently transcribed and analyzed. Categories representing the beginning, middle, and end of the narratives were extracted. First, thematic similarities were identified, leading to the emergence of subcategories. Then, the related subcategories were reviewed and placed into the same category.

At the beginning of the narratives, the identified subcategories included perception of middle age, gaining experience, and behavior change. In the middle of the narratives, understanding the developmental stages and gaining experience in managing life were extracted as the subcategories. At the end of the narratives, maturity was identified as the main category.

The findings from this study revealed that development occurs through the accumulation of experience. Although this study did not explore development in contextual terms, addressing and identifying the challenges of middle age in their context may facilitate quicker development. Furthermore, recognizing and investigating physical problems associated with middle age could lead to more timely treatment.

Currently, fertility and childbearing rates in Iran are below the replacement level (1.2 children), and Iranian families have a low propensity to have children. The COVID‑19 pandemic will also have a negative impact on the decision of couples to have children. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of an educational program on women’s childbearing intention under the conditions of the COVID‑19 pandemic.

This study was a clinical trial with a pretest–posttest design, conducted on 80 women (control group = 40 and intervention group = 40) in comprehensive health centers in 2019. The educational program was delivered to the intervention group in 3 sessions. The data collection tools included the Attitudes to Fertility and Childbearing Scale (AFCS), Demographic Information Questionnaire, and researcher‑made fertility intention questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t‑test, Mann–Whitney, Chi‑square test, ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, and Wilcoxon test.

The women in the intervention group were in the age range of 18 to 44 years and in the control group were in the age range of 19 to 44 years. The results showed that the mean scores of attitude toward fertility and intention to have children after training were significantly different between the two groups. However, after the training, it was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (F1,67 = 1037, p < 0.001).

It seems that the implementation of the use of theoretical models can be effective in the informed decision of families, especially women, for childbearing.

Maintaining and promoting sexual health in older women requires paying attention to and meeting their sexual health‑related needs. This study aimed to determine older women’s perceived sexual health needs through a systematic review.

In this systematic review, studies conducted from the beginning of 2000 to August 28, 2022, were searched in Databases, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, Pub Med, and Google Scholar as a research engine. To access all English articles, keywords such as sexual health, sexual performance, sexual intercourse, sexual, need, demand, and women and their possible combinations were used using “AND” and “OR” operators. This research was implemented based on the criteria of the PRISMA checklist. The articles were evaluated using the STROBE and COREQ checklists. The thematic synthesis method was used to synthesize the data.

The sexual health needs of older women were categorized into four groups: restoration of violated sexual rights, elimination of age discrimination (ageism), promotion of sexual health literacy, and providing sexual health services.

The sexual needs of older women have been neglected due to prevailing social structures of many countries, stigma, gender discrimination, and lack of sexual health literacy. In addition to the need for social and emotional support to adapt to the conditions of old age, these women need to achieve sexual rights, improve sexual health literacy, and receive health services.

Sexual performance anxiety is common among infertility treatments. Psychological interventions are options for couples who do not tolerate psychiatric medications or like psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of relationship enhancement couple therapy program (RECT) vs. systematic desensitization (SD) on sexual anxiety.

A parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted on 68 women with infertility in Shahrekord, Iran, in January 2022. They were randomly allocated to 8 weekly online interventions RECT or SD (control). The main outcome variable, sexual performance anxiety, was assessed via Davis's questionnaire at baseline, completion of the intervention (week 8), and follow-up (week 12). The secondary outcome variable spouse's satisfaction was assessed (weeks 8 and 12, via visual analog scale). Data from 29 women were analyzed in each group.

Intra-group comparison RECT and SD showed a significant decrease of sexual anxiety baseline compared to week 12 (p = 0.001, 0.001 for RECT and SD, respectively). No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in baseline compared to week 12 (RECT vs. SD, p = 0.149). Time-group interaction of spouse's satisfaction showed a significant difference between RECT and SD (p = 0.010).

Both RECT and SD were almost equally effective in decreasing sexual anxiety. RECT (couple relationship-centered) by empowering 10 interpersonal skills, and SD (personal-oriented) by learning step-by-step how fight-or-flight response is replaced by relaxation response, helping women perform more adaptive behaviors regarding sexual anxiety. RECT increased spouse satisfaction significantly compared to SD, indicating that males need to participate in positive relationship changes. The results may be applied by therapists and health policymakers.

Women’s experience of the childbirth process is an important outcome of childbirth. A negative childbirth experience can affect a woman’s well-being and the development of her newborn after delivery. Several factors, such as sociodemographic characteristics, maternal expectations, prenatal education, type of delivery, unforeseen complications, and receiving adequate support during labor and delivery from medical staff, can affect mothers’ experience in the postpartum period.

This study aimed to compare the childbirth experience and related factors in primiparous women with normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and Cesarean section (CS) referring to comprehensive health centers in Rasht, north of Iran.

In this analytical cross-sectional study, 300 primiparous women (150 with NVD and 150 with CS) were selected from those referring to comprehensive health centers in Rasht City in 2022 using a multi-stage sampling method. Data was collected using a sociodemographic/obstetric questionnaire and the childbirth experience questionnaire (CEQ). Independent t-test, chi-square test, and Cochran-Armitage test were used to compare sociodemographic/obstetric characteristics of two NVD and CS groups. In univariate analyses, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation test were used to examine the relationship between the CEQ score and sociodemographic/obstetric characteristics. In multivariate analyses, the multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the total CEQ score. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The mean age of women was 27.85±4.61 years, and the majority of them in both NVD and CS groups had university education (42%) and were housewives (78.7%). Based on the results, the educational level of women with CS was significantly higher than that of women with NVD (P=0.005). The mean total CEQ score was significantly higher in women with CS than in those with NVD (P=0.001). Among the domains of CEQ, The highest mean score was in the domain of “professional support” (2.90±0.51 in NVD women and 3.00±0.54 in CS women), and the lowest mean score was in the domain of “participation” (2.3±0.54 in NVD women and 2.60±0.55 in CS women). A history of attending childbirth education classes (b=0.359, 95% CI; 0.225%, 0.493%, P=0.001) and giving birth in a private hospital (b=0.168, 95% CI; 0.056%, 0.28%, P=0.004) were the predictors of a positive childbirth experience in women.

Primiparous women with CS in Rasht City have a better childbirth experience than those with NVD. Participating in childbirth education classes has a significant impact on primiparous women’s childbirth experience. In both groups (NVD, CS), the childbirth experience is significantly positive. Therefore, more attention should be paid to holding childbirth education classes for women to help further improve their experience of natural childbirth.

Given the profound effects of children’s behavioral disorders, particularly in children with autism, on families, the present study aimed to explore the association between mothers’ distress tolerance and marital adjustment and behavioral disorders (BD) in children with autism in Ahvaz, Iran. This descriptive-correlational study included all children with autism and their mothers registered at the Autism Association of Ahvaz, Iran in 2023. A total of 262 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Data were subjected to Pearson’s correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis using SPSS version 27. The mean scores for child behavioral disorders, tolerance of distress, and marital adjustment were 34.95 (±8.14), 45.29 (±9.86), and 80.23 (±19.15), respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated a significant inverse relationship between children’s BD and mothers’ tolerance of distress (r=-0.36, P<0.001) and marital adjustment (r=-0.60, P<0.001). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between mothers’ tolerance of distress and marital adjustment (r=0.39, P<0.001). The results indicated that mothers’ tolerance of distress and marital adjustment are crucial in alleviating BD in children with autism. Interventions aimed at enhancing mothers’ coping skills and marital satisfaction may be beneficial in improving children’s behavioral outcomes.

Infertility has various psychological consequences. Although previous studies paid attention to the psychological effects of infertility and suggested many interventions for infertile patients’ mental health promotion, the design of self-care interventions and the concept and dimensions of mental health self-care have received less attention. This study was conducted to explore the concept and dimensions of mental health self-care in infertile women.

This study was conducted from November 2021 to February 2022 using the conventional content analysis approach Purposive sampling was performed and continued until reaching data saturation. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 19 participants at the Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center of Babol. The Graneheim and Lundman method (2004) was utilized to analyze the data in MAXQDA version 10 software.

One theme and three categories emerged from data analysis. The emerging theme of “involving in stress coping strategies” consisted of three categories of 1) emotion-focused stress coping skills, 2) treatment and healthcare-seeking behaviours and 3) mental symptoms self-management. The findings revealed that mental health self-care is a set of behaviors adopted by infertile women to prevent the effects of infertility on their mental health and includes strategies such as emotion-focused stress coping skills, treatment seeking, and self-management of mental symptoms.

Infertile women adopt different strategies to deal with mental pressures of infertility. The results that emerged can be applied to the development of interventions that aim to promote mental health self-care behaviors.

Self-efficacy and knowledge of various types of decision-makers concerning the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine can play an essential role in the acceptance of the vaccine in women. This study sought to investigate the self-efficacy and knowledge regarding the HPV vaccine among different decision-makers, encompassing self-decision makers (SDM), assisted-decision makers (ADM), and helping-decision makers (HDM). This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia, from May 13th to June 15th, 2023, involving 441 females distributed among three decision-making groups, each comprising 147 participants. Inclusion criteria were not receiving an HPV vaccination and being proficient in Bahasa Indonesia. Specific criteria were women aged 18-26 for SDM, sexually inexperienced female adolescents aged 9-17 for ADM, and mothers of eligible female adolescents for HDM. Participants completed questionnaires on self-efficacy and knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc test (P<0.05) were used to analyze the data performed in SPSS 26 software. Most respondents were employed (224, 50.8%), were of low socioeconomic status (271, 61.5%), and had medium knowledge (278, 63%) and medium self-efficacy (190, 43.1%). The HDM and SDM groups demonstrated the lowest and highest knowledge scores, respectively, across all domains compared to the other groups, encompassing knowledge about HPV infection, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination. The median score for self-efficacy in the SDM and HDM groups was the highest and lowest among the different types, respectively. The median of self-efficacy and knowledge showed statistically significant differences among decision-making groups (P<0.001). This study revealed a significant difference between diverse decision-making groups and knowledge and self-efficacy. Educational interventions focusing on various types of decision-maker groups are recommended.

Mothers of children with disabilities experience significant psychological and emotional stress, necessitating a valid and reliable tool to assess their quality of life. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties and standardize the Quality of Life Questionnaire for mothers of children with disabilities. A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers of children with disabilities residing in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2022, to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the quality of Life Questionnaire. The target population encompassed all mothers meeting these criteria, from which a simple random sample of 379 participants was drawn. The Quality of Life Questionnaire and a perceived social support measure were administered to the study participants. The psychometric properties of the Quality of Life Questionnaire were evaluated using SPSS version 26. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, while content validity was determined through expert judgment and calculated using the Content Validity Ratio and Content Validity Index. The results indicated satisfactory internal consistency, as demonstrated by Cronbach’s alpha (α=0.955) and composite reliability (0.965). All 16 items exhibited excellent item-total correlations (Cohen’s kappa >0.60), suggesting strong internal consistency. Content validity was established through experts panel review (content validity index range: 0.86-1.00). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the questionnaire, and normative data were successfully established. The findings demonstrated that the questionnaire possesses adequate psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, thus supporting its suitability for assessing the quality of life among mothers of children with disabilities.

Couples diagnosed with infertility encounter a range of stressful experiences including strain on marital and family relationships, changes in sexual dynamics, and other unavoidable challenges. This study aimed to examine the impact of healing codes training on infertility stigma and self-concept among infertile women. This quasi-experimental study employed a three-stage design (pretest, posttest, and follow-up) with two groups (experimental and control). The target population comprised all infertile women seeking treatment at fertility centers in Isfahan, Iran in 2023. A convenience sample of 40 volunteers was selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=20) or a control group (n=20). All participants completed the Infertility Stigma Scale and the Beck Self-Concept Test at the pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages. The experimental group received 14 weekly sessions of healing codes training (90 minutes per session). The control group was placed on a waiting list. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The healing codes group exhibited a marked decline in infertility stigma scores following the intervention. The pretest mean score of 90.40 (SD=15.42) decreased significantly to 72.80 (SD=11.82) at the posttest and remained relatively low at the follow-up, with a mean of 70.81 (SD=12.69) (P=0.001). Similarly, self-concept scores within the healing codes group demonstrated a notable reduction. The pretest mean was 62.92 (SD=7.44), followed by a decrease to 52.33 (SD=5.17) at the posttest and a minor fluctuation to 52.29 (SD=4.78) at the follow-up (P=0.001). In contrast, the control group exhibited stability in both infertility stigma and self-concept scores across time points. The findings of this study provide compelling evidence for the effectiveness of the healing codes intervention in addressing infertility stigma, and improving self-concept among individuals struggling with infertility.

Nutrition literacy has an important role in gaining healthy eating habits and preventing chronic diseases related to nutrition such as obesity. This study aims to determine the level of nutrition literacy of adult Turkish women and its predictors.  In this comparative descriptive research, 239 women were selected into 2 groups by their BMI, from Public Education Centers in Istanbul, Turkey, by using simple random sampling method. Data were collected using the Introductory Characteristics Form and Adult Nutrition Literacy Assessment Tool.  Among the participants, 18.8% of women had inadequate, 20.5% had borderline and 60.7% had adequate nutrition literacy. Nutrition literacy scores varied between groups, with 37.3% of overweight/obese women showing inadequate nutrition literacy, while 91.7% of non-overweight/obese women demonstrated adequate literacy. In the study, adequate numerical literacy and food label reading rate of women with overweight/obese was found lower than women without overweight/obese. It was also found that the number of main meals increases the nutritional literacy level in women with overweight/obese. In the overweight/obese group, it was found that nutritional literacy increases 0.333 times by the number of children, 0.369 times by the waist circumference, 0.626 times by the snack amount and 91.166 times by Youtube usage.  The nutrition literacy of both groups was found to be high. This study revealed that number of daily meals and snacks, children, waist circumferences, media usage, and gender roles are preditors of nutrition literacy in Turkish adult women. An important finding of this study is that nutrition literacy is highly affected by YouTube usage which provides a new perspective in terms of public health practices and policies. It is recommended for public health nurses to use this influence of social media when planning health promoting interventions.