women

The decrease in childbearing gradually pushes the age structure of the population out of youth and towards old age. This study aimed at investigating the desire to have children and its relationship with health literacy and spiritual health in married women of Fariman City, Iran, in 2023.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 357 married women were selected by multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected based on 4 questionnaires including demographic information, desire for fertility, health literacy, and spiritual health, and were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and analytical tests.

The average score of health literacy was 76.89 ± 23.16 (adequate), the average score of willingness to have children was 100.207 ± 12.77, and the average score of spiritual health was 72.53 ± 7.11 (moderate). The results did not show a significant relationship between health literacy and the desire to have children and spiritual health; however, there was a positive and significant relationship between the desire to have children and spiritual health (P = 0.042, r = 0.108). The variables of women's place of residence, education, and occupation had a significant relationship with spiritual health, and the variables of women's education and age had a significant relationship with health literacy (P < 0.001). The most important causes of delay in having children were expressed as economic factors (52.4%), personal factors (32.5%), and cultural factors (5.3%). There was a significant relationship between occupation, income, and education with unwillingness to have children (P < 0.001).

It seems that solving economic problems (employment and income level) as the most important reason for reluctance to have children can lead to an increase in having children. In order to achieve this goal, the joy of becoming a parent can be promoted through promoting spiritual health, and people's negative views on having more children can be corrected in various possible ways, and health interventions can be carried out to increase women's spiritual health.

People with high resilience can easily tolerate pain and have less stress. This study aims to investigate the effect of the emotional freedom technique (EFT) on the stress and resilience of infertile women.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted from February to August 2023 on 98 women with infertility problems referred to two public and private clinics in Bandar Abbas, South of Iran. They were randomly allocated into two intervention and control groups on a 1:1 basis. Participants in the intervention group received the EFT at 4 training sessions with a 1-week interval. A sociodemographic form, Newton’s fertility problem inventory (FPI), and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) were completed before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 16 and independent and paired t-tests were used.

The mean score of FPI before and after the intervention were 168.06±34.06 and 134.59±26.02 in the intervention group, and 155.26±31.08 and 156.83±31.28 in the control group, respectively. After the intervention, the FPI score in the intervention group was significantly lower (P<0.001). The mean CD-RISC score before and after the intervention was 26.64±20.13 and 82.97±9.63 in the intervention group and 83.71±30.33 and 71.04±12.95 in the control group, respectively, indicating a significant increase in the resilience of the intervention group compared to the control (P<0.001). 

The EFT can reduce the stress of infertile women and increase their resilience. This cost-effective, safe, and easy method can be recommended by the medical staff to infertile women for better resilience and stress reduction.

Considering the psychological needs of infertile women, the important role of cognitive emotion regulation in their psychological state, and the lack of an intervention to deal with infertility stress in Iran, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral infertility stress coping training on the cognitive emotion regulation of infertile women.

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test/two-month follow-up design. The study population consists of infertile women who referred to infertility treatment centers and visited specialists in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2021. Using a convenience sampling method, 40 women were selected and were divided into two groups (intervention and control). They completed Newton’s fertility problem inventory and Garnefski and Kraaij’s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 24 using repeated measures analysis of variance.

There were significant differences in the CERQ scores in the intervention group between the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up (P<0.05). The significant effect was maintained in the follow-up stage (P<0.05).

The cognitive-behavioral infertility stress-coping training program is effective in improving the cognitive emotion regulation of infertile women. Therefore, this program can be used to reduce the stress of infertile women in Iran.

Maladaptive schema modes negatively impact quality of life, requiring effective interventions to improve this area. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of “Schema Modes Therapy” on improving the quality of life and schema modes of women aged 20 to 40.

The current research was of semi-experimental type with pre-test, post-test with control group and follow-up. The statistical population of the present study included all women 20 to 40 years old of Isfahan city in 2023. 28 women aged 20 to 40 were selected based on available sampling. Then they were randomly assigned to the “Schema Modes Therapy” group (14 women) and the control group (14 women) by lottery. The research data was collected with a demographic questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version WHOQOL-BREF and "Schema Mode Inventory". Content validity was done by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Then, for the intervention group, 10 90-minute sessions of “Schema Modes Therapy” (1 session per week) were conducted. The control group received the treatment after the research was completed. After the completion of the intervention, a post-test and a follow-up was conducted 2 months later. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 23 software. To analyze the data, repeated measurement variance analysis and Benferoni's post hoc test were used.

There was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in the variable of quality of life and schema modes, in the post-test and follow-up phase. Therefore, the intervention was effective in on improving the quality of life and schema modes of women aged 20 to 40 (P<0.05).

Schema Modes Therapy improving the quality of life and schema modes of women aged 20 to 40. It is suggested that psychologists who work with women use the findings of this research to improve the quality of life and schema modes of women.

Despite the importance of reproductive health and the utilization of contraceptive methods, their significance in public health and well-being is not yet fully understood in developing countries. It is expected that significant changes in Iran's family planning policy, coupled with the emergence of Covid-19, have influenced the contraceptive methods employed in the country.

This research was a cross-sectional study including 1200 married women of reproductive age using a quantitative survey method in Shiraz city, Iran in 2019. Sampling was done using a combination of multi-stage and systematic random classification methods. Data collection was done through a researcher-made structured questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS software, the statistical tests being chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression.

The main predictors of using contraceptive methods included women's age, actual fertility, ideal fertility, education level of the couple, and the employment status of the couple. After the Covid-19 pandemic there was an increase in the likelihood of utilizing traditional contraceptive methods.

Based on the findings of this study, considering the notable preference among women for traditional contraceptive methods, particularly during epidemics, it is imperative to educate them about the problems associated with these methods. As traditional contraceptive methods can result in unintended pregnancies, educating women about these methods should be integrated into population policies.

Abortion is a complex category in the field of reproductive health that has received less attention due to its controversial nature. The aim of the present study was to investigate abortion among women in Isfahan city.

Qualitative research method and thematic analysis method were used. The statistical community of midwifery doctors in Isfahan city in 2024, and the sample size in the qualitative section was 10 interviewees at the saturation level who were selected by purposive sampling. The measurement tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part.

The findings showed that the open codes extracted based on the common responses of the interviewees in the design of the analysis model of abortion among women based on four main areas (selective coding) including: "individual causes", "family causes", "causes "social" and "cultural causes" have been obtained.

Therefore, we conclude that decision-making in the face of unplanned pregnancy is always based on avoiding threats and harm, and the approach of women's selection strategy is different based on the type and intensity of perceived conflicting threats.

Teenage girls who attempt chemical suicide have great difficulty coping with tensions and making constructive decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of intensive psychodynamic therapy with an anxiety modulating approach on coping strategies with perceived tension and decision-making styles in teenage girls attempting suicide by chemicals.

The current research was a semi-experimental type of pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all teenage girls who tried to commit chemical suicide who were admitted to the Poisoning Emergency of the Nomadic Martyrs Training and Treatment Center in Khorramabad City in 2023. Out of these, 30 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research tools were Jalovis's Perceived Stress Strategies Questionnaire (1984), Scott & Bruce's Decision Making Styles Questionnaire (1985), and McCullough's Short-Term Intensive Psychodynamic Therapy with an Anxiety Modulating Approach Protocol (1997). Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance test.

Intensive psychodynamic therapy with an anxiety modulating approach had a significant effect on coping strategies with perceived tension and decision-making styles in adolescent girls attempting chemical suicide (Eta=0.54, p<0.001). This effectiveness was also observed in the dimensions of coping strategies and decision-making styles (Eta>0.45, p<0.001).

The current study showed that intensive psychodynamic therapy with an anxiety modulating approach has led to the use of adaptive coping strategies and improved decision-making ability in adolescent girls attempting chemical suicide.

Breast cancer is one of the most important cancers in women. Considering the importance of design for improving physical and mental health, quality of life of vulnerable women, the present study aims to design of humor and laughter programs in women with breast cancer and its effects in promoting their health.

In this systematic review, in order to access relevant articles used from Persian and English databases SID, Magiran, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Science direct, and the key words "Humor therapy", "Laughter therapy", "Breast Cancer", "Wit and Humor as Topic" and "Breast Neoplasms" using logical operators (AND, OR, NOT) were used. All articles were evaluated between January 2008 and January 2023. To assess the quality of the articles, the "Jadad" scale was used.

Among the 975 articles in the initial search, 525 articles are due to the repetition of the title and 442 articles due to other reasons such as not assigning humor therapy in breast cancer, not implementing the joke and laughter intervention program, the language of the article not being related to English or Farsi, and not Conducting clinical trials were excluded, and finally eight articles that scored higher than 3 were included in the systematic review. The results of the studies showed that laughter therapy had an effective role in improving the quality of life, improving various aspects of mental health, reducing negative emotions such as anxiety, stress, depression, pain intensity, fatigue and strengthening positive emotions such as self-esteem, mood. while There has been a non-significant decrease in the dermatitis caused by radiotherapy and the activity of immune cells and the serum level of cortisol.

Considering the positive effect of laughter therapy in reducing the negative emotions of patients, it is recommended that nursing managers and psychologists use this easy, fun, uncomplicated and accessible intervention to improve the physical, mental and emotional health of women with breast cancer.

Intimate partner violence is an important public health issue that widely affects women. This study aimed to investigate intimate partner violence and its related factors.

This was a descriptive study of a random sample of married women of reproductive age in Pardis, Tehran province, Iran in 2023.  The data was collected using a validated demographic questionnaire and a conflict resolution questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test using SPSS 16 software.

In total 388 women were studied. The prevalence of physical violence was 35.8%, serious injury 19.6%, psychological 67.8%, sexual 28.6% and the overall prevalence was 71.6%. Although, education of women and their husbands, husband's occupation, economic status, place of residence, family relationship with husband, age of marriage and history of illness had a significant relationship with spousal abuse and its components (p<0.05), only husband's occupation 19% and place of residence significantly predicted 12% of spousal abuse changes.

The findings of the present study showed that spousal abuse and its types are highly prevalent in women and spousal abuse and its components were related to some socio-demographic factors, especially economic status.