جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شخصیت » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent disease affecting these individuals from middle age onwards and leading to numerous problems for individuals, their families, and their caregivers. To develop Alzheimer's prevention strategies for Down syndrome, it is of utmost importance to understand the factors that contribute to its development, such as psychological foundations. The present study aimed to analyze personality and lifestyle in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease.

This qualitative research was conducted based on a descriptive phenomenological design. The research population consisted of adults with Down syndrome (60 cases without Alzheimer's and 10 subjects with Alzheimer's), their parents, and caregivers in Kermanshah province in 2023. In this regard, data collection was carried out through access to medical records of individuals in the Welfare Organization and also semi-structured interviews with these individuals who were purposefully selected until reaching the stage of theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed using the Clausi method, and the main and sub-themes were identified. For final validation, the criteria of validity and reliability were used.

The findings from the data analysis resulted in the extraction of 3 main themes (social-psychotic-coping skills), 14 sub-themes in personality dimension, and 9 main themes (sleep-physical activity-occupation-physical health-weight control and nutrition-personal hygiene-smoking and alcohol consumption-leisure time-doing things independently) and 21 sub-themes in the lifestyle dimension.

The results of this study highlighted the role and importance of a healthy lifestyle and adaptive personality characteristics in preventing Alzheimer's disease in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome. Therefore, it is suggested that preventive and awareness-raising programs in these two dimensions be developed and implemented by experts and official centers.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic functional disease affected by various factors. Despite the effect of personality traits on the course of this disease, few studies have investigated the effect of personality traits on the severity of the symptoms of this disease. Therefore, the present research aims to predict the severity of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome based on temperament and character of personality.

Methods and Materials: 

The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome who referred to a gastroenterologist’s private office in, 2021, which was based on the available sampling method and based on entry and exit criteria were that 242 people were selected using Morgan's table. The participants responded to temperament and character inventory (TCI-125) and irritable bowel syndrome-symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression via SPSS 22.

The results showed that 54.3% of the variance in the severity of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome is explained by temperament and character traits. Among the temperament and character traits, in order, self-directedness, novelty seeking, Harm avoidance, self-transcendence and reward dependence have the greatest effect on the severity of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms and their predictability, but persistence and cooperativeness cannot predict the severity of symptoms.

Considering the role of personality traits in predicting the severity of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, special attention should be paid to personality issues in disease prediction, prevention, control, and treatment.

According to the cognitive-behavioral approaches in family-related issues, personality and emotional factors play a significant role in the type of tendency of couples to infidelity. This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of emotional expressivity in the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and internet infidelity in college students.

This descriptive research is a correlational type based on structural modeling. The statistical population of this research was all 324 married female students in the nursing faculty of Babol University in the academic year of 2021-2022. Two hundred and fifty samples were selected via simple random method. Internet Infidelity Questionnaire (IIQ), HEXACO Personality Traits Questionnaire (HEXACO), and King and Emmons Emotional Expressivity Questionnaire (EEQ) were used to collect data. To analyze the results, the Pearson correlation method and structural equations were used with SPSS 18 and AMOS 23 software .

The findings showed that HEXACO personality traits and emotional expressivity had a direct effect of -0.309 and -0.265 on internet infidelity, respectively. The indirect effect of HEXACO personality traits with the mediating role of emotional expressivity on internet infidelity was equal to -0.46. According to the values obtained from the fit indices, the research model was confirmed and a total of 39% of internet infidelity could be explained by the variables of HEXACO personality traits and emotional expressivity.

Emotional expressivity can be a negative and significant mediator in the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and internet infidelity in college students.

Concerns about death can have a negative impact on health-related quality of life. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people experienced death anxiety, highlighting the importance of identifying factors that contribute to this anxiety during this time. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a model of death anxiety based on personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation, with anxiety about contracting the coronavirus as playing a mediating role.

This correlational research utilized the path analysis method and included all citizens of Qom province in 2021. A sample of 400 people was selected using the available sampling method. Data was collected using Costa and McCree's five-factor personality trait questionnaire (1985), Granfsky and Kraich's cognitive-emotional regulation scale (2002), Alipour et al.'s anxiety due to coronavirus scale (2018), and Templer's Death Anxiety scale (1970). Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation test and path analysis.

The path analysis test results indicated that the research model had a good fit. Personality traits and cognitive regulation of emotion were able to explain 14% of the variance in anxiety associated with coronavirus. Furthermore, personality traits, cognitive regulation, anxiety about the coronavirus, and excitement were able to explain 36% of the variance in death anxiety.

These results demonstrate that anxiety about contracting the coronavirus mediates the relationship between personality traits, cognitive regulation, and death anxiety.

Spousal violence is one of the major problems of women. The personality traits of couples have been mentioned as one of the factors related to spousal violence, although there are contradictory results. The present study aims to determine the relationship between the personality traits of couples and spousal abuse against women of reproductive age.

In this cross-sectional study, participants were 156 couples covered by the health centers in Sari, Iran, in 2022, who were selected with a systematic sampling method. The data were collected using a socio-demographic form, the spousal abuse questionnaire, and Goldberg’s international personality item pool. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software, version 25. The data were reported by using Mean±SD, frequency, and percentage and were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05

Mild emotional abuse had the highest prevalence (76.3%). Husband’s conscientiousness trait predicted emotional abuse of women. Husband’s agreeableness trait and wife’s neuroticism trait predicted physical abuse of women, and husband’s neuroticism trait predicted sexual abuse of women. Moreover, husband’s smoking predicted physical abuse of women.

The personality traits of couples can predict spousal abuse of women. Identifying the personality traits of couples, along with individual and social factors, can significantly help in prevention, screening, and developing appropriate treatments for abused women.

The use of anabolic steroids is increasing in athletes due to body beauty and performance enhancement and is one of the major public health problems. The aim of study was to compare the characteristics of five major personality factors in male bodybuilding and fitness athletes with and without the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids.
The research was practical in terms of purpose and in terms of strategy, it is a descriptive causal-comparative description. The statistical population of the present study included all male bodybuilding and fitness athletes in Yazd province. 105 athletes (50 with a history of use and 55 with no history of steroid use) with an age range of 18 to 48 years and at least two years of sports experience were selected as availabe. The instrument used was the personality questionnaire NEO-FFI. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis.
 The results showed athletes who use steroids have a higher score in the dimension of neuroticism and a lower score in the dimensions of extraversion, openness, adaptation and conscientiousness score than athletes who didnot use steroids. The results showed significant differences in the components of neuroticism (P=0/013), extraversion (P=0/02), adaptation (P=0/04) and conscientiousness (P=0/01). however, the difference between the components of openness to experience was not significant (P=0/26).
 The results showed that there is a significant difference between bodybuilding and fitness athletes with and without the use of anabolic steroids in the personality dimensions of neuroticism, extroversion, adaptability and conscientiousness.

The aim of this study was to exams the moral identity model based on personality traits, moral reasoning, perceived parental style and personal identity of adolescence.

The research method was a descriptive - correlation design. Statistical population was secondary high school students who were studying in Mashhad in the academic year 2019-20.  Subjects were selected through the random cluster sampling (199 high school students). They completed Benion & Adamz's Self-identity Scale (1986), Neo Personality scale (1985), Rest's Defining Issues Test (1999), Bamerind's Perceived Parenting Style Scale (1973) and Aquino & Reed's moral Identity Scale (2002). Data analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings showed that the proposed model of moral identity based on the variables has a good fit. Internal correlation is significant in most research variables, the results have shown that the direct effects of moral reasoning on moral identity, personality traits on identity state and on reasoning moral and moral identity was meaningful. The effect of parenting styles on identity state and moral reasoning and identity state on moral identity was significant. The results also showed that all indirect effects of the model are also significant. Moral reasoning was the mediator of the effect of each personality variable on moral identity and the effect of parenting styles on moral identity. In addition, the results indicate an indirect and significant effect of personality traits and parenting styles on moral identity through the mediation of personal identity and personality traits and parenting style on moral identity through the mediation of identity bases

According to the findings, apart from the role of each proposed variable in moral identity, personality traits and parenting styles have a mediating role in the development of moral identity by influencing personal identity and moral reasoning.

Among the hospital jobs, nursing is an example of jobs where a person spends many hours with patients. The main objective this study was to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics and job success with mediating organizational commitment in nurses.

The research was a correlational study in which nurses working in the public hospitals of Tehran City in 2022 were studied. The sample group (300 nurses) were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and they responded to Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, NEO-Personality Inventory, and Career Success Questionnaire.

The results showed that personality characteristics had a relationship with nurses' career success through the mediation of organizational commitment; moreover organizational commitment and personality traits explained a total of 58% of the variance of career success. The path coefficient between organizational commitment and job success (P=0.001, β=0.349) was positive and significant. Also, the results showed that the neuroticism factor had a direct and negative effect on the career success of nurses. The extroversion agreeableness, conscientiousness factors both directly and through the mediation of organizational commitment had effect on nurses' career success.

According to the results, it can be concluded that personality characteristics can explain variances of organizational commitment and job success; so organizational commitment can play an mediating role in career success.

In this research, the relationship between five personality dimensions and early emotional relationships with the mediating variable of religious belief in adolescents was investigated.

The statistical population of this research included high-school teenagers in Hamedan City. Two hundred students were selected using the convenience and snowball sampling method, and the five-factor neo-personality questionnaires, religious orientation, and attitude and tendency towards premarital relationships through space virtualization were studied.

Path analysis results showed that among the five personality variables, the agreement had no direct or indirect relationship with emotional relationships. Extraversion and openness were, directly and indirectly, related to emotional relationships. Furthermore, conscientiousness and neuroticism were directly related to emotional relationships.

The results showed that the personality dimensions of extroversion and openness has a negative effect on religious belief in early emotional relationships in adolescents. In addition, the reduction of religious belief facilitates the formation of early emotional relationships in adolescents.

This research has investigated the role of the spiritual therapy model on the primary maladaptive schemas and personality traits of addicted elderly men and women.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group with a three-month follow-up phase. The statistical population of the research included all elderly married, both men and women, who are addicted to drugs (opium, heroin, glass) in Karaj city camps. Thirty people were selected as available samples and included in two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. For data collection, Yang's maladaptive schemas questionnaire, Eysenck's personality questionnaire for adults (EPQ-RE), and spiritual therapy intervention training were used in 10 sessions of 60 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention during the research. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as mean and standard deviation, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used for data analysis.

The findings of the research showed that the spiritual therapy model has a significant effect on the primary maladaptive schemas and personality traits of elderly addicted men and women (P≤0.005).

Spiritual therapy is a suitable solution for controlling addicted people and provides a suitable prediction of factors that increase or decrease the tendency to addiction.

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship of personality traits, demographic factors, current substance/medication use, and physical activity with academic burnout among medical students, and examine the moderating role of physical activity in the relationship between personality traits and academic burnout.

In this cross-sectional study, implemented in Zahedan city in 2018, a total of 400 medical students from the four stages of basic sciences, physiopathology, stagership, and internship were selected by quota sampling method and evaluated using demographic information form, Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, Temperament and Character Inventory, and Breso’s Academic Burnout Questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical tests (including Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis).

156 men and 244 women participated in this study. The overall frequency of current substance/medication use and academic burnout were reported to be 27.5 and 25.8 percent, respectively. The obtained results showed that physical activity, persistence, and cooperativeness were negatively, and the years in medical school, substance/medication use, and novelty seeking were positively related to academic burnout. Also, the regression analysis results revealed the moderating role of physical activity in the relationship between novelty seeking and academic burnout.

It seems that addressing factors such as personality differences, the years in medical school, current substance/medications use, and orientation towards regular physical activities can make a significant contribution to changing medical students’ burnout levels.

Today, despite the nationwide vaccination of the society to prevent the epidemic of the Covid-19 virus, some people refuse to inject the Covid-19 vaccine as the main self-care behavior, which can have specific reasons.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of personality and demographic characteristics in the injection of the covid-19 vaccine as a measure to prevent the spread of the corona virus in Mashhad.

The method of this research was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consisted of the people of Mashhad in the year 2022, of which 517 people (62.1% vaccinated and 37.9% unvaccinated) were selected in an accessible and voluntary manner and completed the Brief HEXACO Personality Questionnaire (2013) and Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire in Person. The collected data were analyzed by Yeoman-Whitney test in SPSS software version 26.

The results showed that there is no significant difference between vaccination and non-vaccination in the five personality components of Emotionality (P=0.19), Extroversion (P=0.44), Agreeableness (P=0.88), Conscientiousness (P=0.86) and Openness to Experience (P=0.20). However, there was a significant difference between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups in terms of the personality component of Honesty-humility (P=0.03) and the demographic characteristics of gender (P=0.002), age (P=0.001), level of education (P=0.001), and employment status (P=0.001).

The personality trait of honesty-humility and the demographic characteristics of gender, age, level of education and employment status play a role in the matter of injecting the Covid-19 vaccine as the main self-care behavior. These results can be used to promote and encourage vaccination in future crises.

People's eating behavior and binge eating, as well as the weight efficacy lifestyle, are influenced by individual and personality factors. The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between personality traits and binge eating with the mediation of weight efficacy lifestyle of Azad University students 

The method of the present research was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population included all male and female students of Islamic Azad University of Karaj in 2022, and 357 people were selected from among them by non-random and convenience sampling method. Demographic questionnaire, "NEO Five-Factor Inventory", "Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire" and "Binge Eating Scale" were used to collect data. The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity using a qualitative method and reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS.24 and AMOS.24. 

There is a direct and significant relationship between neuroticism (P=0.001, β=0.406) and conscientiousness (P=0.008, β=0.332) and binge eating. There is a positive and significant direct relationship between weight efficacy lifestyle and binge eating (P=0.003, β=0.474). There is a negative and significant direct relationship between neuroticism and weight efficacy lifestyle (P=0.002, β=0.334). There is a negative and significant indirect relationship between neuroticism and binge eating with the mediation of weight efficacy lifestyle (P=0.001, β=0.158). 

There is a structural relationship between the neuroticism personality trait and binge eating with the mediation of weight efficacy lifestyle. It is suggested that psychological treatments based on weight efficacy lifestyle should also be provided to those suffering from binge eating disorder and overweight in addition to the diet.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the big-five personality traits (extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and elder abuse.

In this cross-sectional study, 304 older adults (60 years old and older) were selected by convenience sampling method based on the inclusion criteria among older adults who were referred to the health centers of Marand City, Iran in 2021. To collect data, Hwalek-sengstock elder abuse screen test (HS-EAST) and 10-item personality inventory (TIPI) were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 with t test, chi-square, and logistic regression.

The mean age of the participants was 70.5±7.7 years with almost equal gender distribution. Among the older adults studied, the prevalence of elder abuse was calculated to be 34.2%. The results of logistic regression indicated that the five-big personality traits, especially low conscientiousness, low extroversion, low agreeableness, and high neuroticism after controlling the variables of sex, age, marital status, housing status, education level, employment status, and chronic disease significantly predicts elder abuse (P<0.001, df=12, X2=76.64).

Based on the findings of the present study, it is suggested to pay more attention to the five-big personality traits in the screening and early identification programs of older adults at risk of elder abuse.

Self-efficacy and Believe in self can play an effective role in studentschr('39') academic achievement. The aim of this study was to predict academic self-efficacy based on the characteristics of dark personality and spiritual well-being.

A cross-sectional design was used for this study. This study was performed in the female student population in the dormitories of the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2017-18 (N=587). 300 people were selected random sampling method for inclusion in the study. To collect data, of  College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, The Dark Triad Dirty Dozen and Spiritual Well-being Scale were used. Inferential analysis of data was done using Pearson correlation and Regression tests in SPSS-24 software.

The results showed that there was a significant and negative relationship between antisocial personality traits (r=-0.254, P<0.001) and Machiavelli (r=-0.138, P<0.05) with academic self-efficacy in students. However, there was no significant correlation between narcissistic personality trait and academic self-efficacy. Other results showed that academic self-efficacy had a positive and significant relationship with spiritual well-being (r=-0.291, P<0.001). The results of regression analysis showed that 0.14 of variance of academic self-efficacy can be explained based on spiritual well-being, dark personality trait and psychopathy personality trait (R2 =0.144, R=0.379, F= 24.96).

This study showed that Machiavellian and sociological traits with negative role and spiritual well-being have a positive effect on self-efficacy.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel habits and can significantly impair quality of life (QOL). Personality has an important effect on health-related quality of life. However, its effect on the quality of life of patients with irritable bowel syndrome is yet unknown. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship of quality of life with neuroticism, extroversion, conscientiousness, and their subcomponents in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Methods & Materials:

 This is a descriptive-correlational study. The studied population was IBS patients referred to a private gastrointestinal clinic in Tehran in 2021.The sample size was 223, and subjects were selected through the consecutive sampling method. The data were collected using NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality Of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used at the confidence level of 95% through the SPSS software version 24.

The mean score of IBS-QOL was 57.68±20.55. Regression analysis suggested that personality subcomponents such as self-reproach (β=-0.376, P<0.001) and positive affect (β=0.160, P=0.020) were the most important predictors of the score of IBS-QOL. The scores of self-reproach and positive affect explained 22.6% of the variance score of IBS-QOL.

The results of current study suggested that the scores of some personality subcomponents including self-reproach and positive affect significantly predict the score of IBS-QOL. Hence, it seems that in addition to common pharmaceutical treatments for IBS patients, considering personality subcomponents (particularly self-reproach and positive affect) is effective in improving these patients’ quality of life.