جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ناهنجاری مادرزادی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Single umbilical artery is the most common developmental malformation of the umbilical cord. Its prevalence increases by multiple pregnancy, velamentous cord insertion, older maternal age, cigarrete smoking, maternal diabetes, hypertension or epilepsy. Since ethnic and genetic factors have been contributed to single umbilical artery occurrence and there is no similar study in Iran, we decided to evaluate fetuses with single umbilical artery diagnosis and describe maternal and fetal characteristics.

This was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted on pregnant women having fetuses diagnosed with single umbilical artery at gestational age of 18 to 24 weeks referring to the perinatologist during 2019-2022. Data was analyzed by appropriate analytic tests were applied.

During study period, 67 fetuses had been diagnosed with single umbilical artery. Mean values of maternal age, gestational age, body mass index were 32.29 ± 5.83 years, 18.89 ± 1.57weeks, and 26.46 ± 4.54 kg/m2, respectively. 59.7% of fetuses were male and 40.3% were female. 33 cases (49.2%) had no other associated malformations and choroidal cysts and intra-cardiac echogenic focies were the most prevalent abnormalities. As well, in 16 cases more than one malformation were detected. In cases with isolated single umbilical artery, no intrauterine growth retardation was evident.

Inline with previous studies, cardiac, gastrointestinal and renal malformation are the most common associated abnormalities seen in single umbilical artery malformation and in the presence of multiple anomalies intrauterine growth retardation is expected

Congenital anomalies are one of the leading causes of disabilities and mortality in children worldwide. We aimed to set up a system for scientific registration to reduce perinatal mortality and improve the quality of health services.

As an applied developmental research in 2020, we launched a web-based hospital registration and surveillance system for major congenital anomalies by C# programming language hosted at "mis.hums.ac.ir". Data management was comprised of a) registration of anomalies b) training how to use ICD10 c) imaging specific cases d) assessing the accuracy of the data e) sending information to definite centers. All the live births, fetal deaths and pregnancy termination along with physical examination, reviewing hospital records and parental interviews were recorded. The present system is of two compartments including 43 maternal and 20 neonatal elements.

Initially, the system was set up based on hospital data in two main referral hospitals in Bandar Abbas. Next, all the hospitals in the province, were gradually covered by the system in an active and passive combination. Major congenital anomalies are registered using ICD-10. During the first four months after starting the project, one thousand births were registered and 18 cases of congenital malformations were observed and confirmed.

This study provides the minimum data set required to record congenital anomalies for the first time in southern Iran. This event can be useful in designing electronic patient records. This, itself, will improve perinatal health indicators, particularly, prevention and management of congenital birth defects.

 Congenital anomalies are functional or structural anomalies that can occur as a single or a group of anomalies. Studies have shown that socioeconomic factors can affect congenital anomalies such that the middle- and low-income countries suffer more from the congenital anomalies. This study aimed to determine the essential socioeconomic determinants of the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) for congenital anomalies in children aged <5 years.

This is a cross-sectional study using the latest available data in 2017, which were extracted from the international databases of the World Bank, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. In the study, we analyzed data from 196 countries divided into 6 geographical regions of African Region (AFRO), European Region (EURO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), Western Pacific Region (WPRO), and South-East Asia Region (SEARO). To identify the main determinants of the DALY, gross domestic products (GDP) per capita, poverty rate, government, private and external health expenditures per capita, mean years of schooling, and literacy rate were used. Data analysis was performed in STATA v.15 using the one-way ANOVA and the linear regression analysis.

 The lowest and highest rates of DALY was reported in Luxembourg (856.29 per 100000 population) and Sudan (21714.7 per 100000 population), respectively. The AFRO and EURO regions had the highest (9392.78±4250.56), and the lowest (2969.11±1961.64) mean of DALY. In Iran, the DALY rate was reported 7721.48 per 100000 population, which was higher than those in the EURO and PAHO regions and lower than those in the AFRO and EMRO regions. The results of linear regression analysis showed that mean years of schooling was the strongest predictor of DALY (β=-0.44, P=0.001) followed by the poverty rate (β=0.36, P=0.002). The results of one-way ANOVA indicated that the rate of DALY was significantly different between different social and economic groups, and it was higher in the lower socioeconomic groups. 

 Mean years of schooling and poverty rate are the strongest predictors of DALY for congenital anomalies in children under 5 years of age. Low-income countries, especially those in the AFRO and EMRO regions, are the most prone to the disability and premature death caused by congenital anomalies in children under 5 years of age compared to the high-income countries. Therefore, the equitable distribution of screening and health care services and educational infrastructures for deprived and lower socioeconomic countries should be taken into account by national and international health organizations.

Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital facial defect. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in their development. The prevalence of orofacial clefts in Qom province has not been studied so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial clefts and associated factors in infants born in Qom province during 2010-2018.

In this cross-sectional study, during nine years, the medical files of all infants with orofacial clefts and the files of their mothers in all hospitals of Qom province were examined. The files of 476 healthy infants were also evaluated to investigate the associated factors. Healthy infants were selected one number before and one after the case number of sick infants. Infant-related variables (weight, blood type, and other illnesses) and parent-related factors (age, smoking, alcohol, and medications, illness, consanguineous marriage, and number of children) were extracted through reviewing the files or telephone interview.

Of the 171,270 infants, 238 were found with orofacial clefts (1.39 per 1,000 births). Isolated cleft palate with 39.5% was the most common type of anomaly. Among the studied factors, the percentage of smoking in fathers in the case group (34.5%) was higher than the control group (24.2%) (p=0.004). Moreover, the history of maternal high blood pressure in the case group (7.6%) was higher than the control group (3.4%) (p=0.013). The incidence of diabetes in mothers of the case group (18.9%) was higher than the control group (8.2%) (p=0.001).

The results of the study showed that the prevalence of orofacial cleft is 1.39 per 1000 births and smoking, diabetes and high blood pressure are the associated risk factors.

Congenital anomalies are common causes of medical interventions, long-term illness and death. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of congenital anomalies in disabled patients under 15 years old registered in Welfare Organization of Shahrekord.

The present study was a case–control study. 350 disabled patients registered in the Welfare Organization of Shahrekord and 350 matched healthy children were included in study. Demographic information and probable risk factors were recorded in the checklist through the patient's file and interviews with parents.

The most common anomalies were cardiac disorders (31.1%), cerebral palsy (18.3%) and Down syndrome (14.9%). The body weight, length and head circumference at birth, mean father's and mother's age at the time of pregnancy , Father's and  mother's ethnicity, economic status , education, type of delivery, birth season, maternal body mass index during pregnancy, maternal diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypertension  and infectious disease during pregnancy, parental addiction, parents' smoking, folic acid and iron intake during pregnancy, drug use during pregnancy ,hypoxia, consanguinity and family history of congenital anomaly were significantly different in two groups (p <0.05). Based on the results of logistic regression Type of delivery (caesarean section) , low socioeconomic status, father’s age, family history of congenital anomalies, father’s smoking and infant hypoxia had a significant correlation with the congenital anomalies.

Since early identification of congenital anomalies is essential for preventive interventions, considering the risk factors of this study will be helpful for primary prevention.
Women at risk especially from poor socioeconomic should be mentioned and screened for more support and prenatal care.

Congenital anomalies are also known as birth defects and congenital disorders. Congenital anomalies occur in about 3-7% of the newborn babies worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of congenital anomalies and their determinants in hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 1395.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in all infants born in 1395. The data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 20 using Binary logistic regression.

Of 5455 births in Isfahan hospitals, 121 neonates were diagnosed with major congenital anomalies. The total incidence of major congenital anomalies was 2.2 per 100 births. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between maternal blood group, consanguinity, sex and height of infant with congenital anomalies in newborns (P <0.05). Moreover, 26.7% of all abnormalities were related to limbs and the lowest percentage was related to genetic abnormalities, digestive system, anus, and spine with an incidence of 0.7% for each.

More attention should be paid to premarital genetic counseling in order to identify the consanguinity factor as a risk factor for genetic abnormalities. Moreover, pregnant women should be educated about the timely intake of micronutrients to control abnormalities.

Cleft lip/palate is the most prevalent congenital anomaly of the head and neck area. This problem has a multifactorial nature and the causing factors have not yet been fully known. 60 percent of cleft lip is accompanied with cleft palate. The prevalence rate of this anomaly is estimated 1 in 700 people due to several studies.

In this cross-sectional study data of the neonates born with cleft lip/palate during 2016-2017 in hospitals of North Khorasan province was collected. To extract the data, in every hospital which has a Maternity ward the birth registration book and the patients file were checked. Data of neonates was collected. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 23.

Out of 31724 neonates checked in this study 22 had cleft lip and/or palate. Seven cases were boys and 15 were girls in which there was not significant differences P = 0.58. Maternal use of drugs was not different among affected babies. Parity and maternal age was not associated with prevalence rate of cleft palate and/or lip.

Prevalence of this malformation in North Khorasan province during 2016 and 2017 was 0.69 per 1000 births. There was no significant relation between cleft lip and/or palate and gender.

Congenital anomalies are the most common causes of disability and mortality in developed and developing countries. Cost of hospitalization and treatment of congenital anomalies impose a significant burden to families and society. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of congenital abnormalities and its related risk factors.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on all neonates who were born from November 2010 to July 2011 in Ardabil hospitals، Iran. All the live newborns were examined during the first 24 hours of life. Out of 6868 live births during the study، 57 neonates with obvious congenital abnormalities were selected as case group and 180 normal neonates as control group. Data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire from review of prenatal and hospital delivery records. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16، univariate and multivariate regression analysis. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant.

The prevalence of congenital abnormalities was 8. 2 per 1000 live births. The most common congenital abnormalities were respectively malformation of musculoskeletal system (35. 1%)، central nervous system (22. 8%)، digestive system (17. 5%) urogenital system (15. 8%) and chromosomal anomalies (8. 8%). Polyhydramnios (p=0. 001، OR=14. 4)، oligohydramnios (p=0. 009، OR=13)، preeclampsia (p=0. 001، OR=11. 3)، unwanted pregnancy (p=0. 001، OR=4. 9)، urinary tract infection (p=0. 04، OR=2. 8)، consanguineous marriages (p=0. 038، OR=2. 2) were determined as the risk factors of congenital abnormalities.

Early diagnosis of pregnant women with polyhydramnios، oligohydramnios، preeclampsia، unwanted pregnancy، urinary tract infection and consanguineous marriages may be an appropriate policy toward the prevention of congenital anomalies.