جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Diabetes Mellitus » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

This investigation explored the mechanism by which the total flavonoids of Selaginella tamariscina (P.Beauv.) Spring (TFST) mitigate oxidative stress through the activation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby ameliorating acute lung injury (ALI) induced by diabetes. 

Male mice weighing 20–25 grams were divided into four groups: a control group, a diabetic group, a diabetic group treated with TFST, and a diabetic group treated with TFST and ML385. Various biological specimens were collected for analysis, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood, and tissue samples. These were subjected to a range of assessments covering hematological and BALF parameters tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 [IL-6]), biochemical markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH], Nrf2, and HO-1 levels), along with histopathological evaluations.

Pre-treatment with TFST demonstrated a significant decrease in pulmonary tissue damage, evidenced by decreased wet-to-dry (W/D) lung ratios (P<0.001), reduced lung injury scores (P<0.0001), and lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6 (P<0.0001), as well as oxidative stress markers like MDA (P<0.05). Moreover, there was an elevation in the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes, specifically SOD and GSH (P<0.05), coupled with an enhanced expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the diabetic group (P<0.01). 

The study findings demonstrate that TFST can suppress oxidative stress by modulating the Nrf2 pathway and up-regulating HO-1 activity, thereby ameliorating diabetes-induced acute lung injury.

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the main causes of kidney failure in the end stage of diabetes worldwide. The present study was conducted with the aim of using the remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) method to prevent diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetes was induced by high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin injection (35 mg/kg) in rats. RIC was performed by tightening a tourniquet around the upper thigh and releasing it for three cycles of 5 min of ischemia and 5 min of reperfusion daily for an 8-week duration. At the end of the experiment, serum and urine parameters were examined. Anti-oxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation levels in the kidney were also determined along with histological examination. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor beta genes were also evaluated. 

Glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and HbA1c concentrations were not significantly reduced in the RIC group. On the other hand, serum creatinine, urea, and albumin levels decreased and increased in urine. Anti-oxidant enzymes did improve in the kidney significantly and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor beta genes decreased significantly. Histopathological examination also showed that necrosis, epithelial damage, and leukocyte infiltration increased in the diabetic group and improved in the treatment group. 

The results of biochemical analysis, and enzymatic and histological examinations showed that although RIC could not reduce blood glucose and lipids, nevertheless it may delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy due to the presence of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities.

Diabetic foot is one of the long-term microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevention of foot ulcers is the most effective way to reduce severe morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Appropriate glycemic control is one of the most important preventive measures for diabetic foot ulcers. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) is representative of long-term blood glucose levels over the prior three months. The present study evaluated the relationship between HbA1C levels and the development of diabetic foot ulcers.

The present study was an analytical case-control study conducted in Ali-ibn-Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan, Iran, in 2022. 130 patients comprising 65 DM patients with diabetic foot ulcers and 65 DM patients without foot ulcers were included in this study. Demographic and laboratory information was collected by the researcher using a checklist. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The average age of the control and case groups was 64.1 and 62.6 years, respectively. The results showed a significant relationship between the age of 60-70 years and the onset of diabetic foot ulcers. There was also a significant relationship between the female gender and the occurrence of diabetic foot. No significant relationship was observed between the duration of DM and the onset of diabetic foot. The results showed that 87.7% of the people in the control group had no previous history of diabetic foot. However, 76.9% of the people in the case group had a prior history of diabetic foot. There was a significant relationship between the previous history of the diabetic foot and its recurrence in diabetic patients. Regarding the serum level of HbA1C, 78.5% and 12.3% of patients in the case group had moderate (7-10%) and poor control (10-13%), respectively. 43.1%, 50.7%, and 6.2% of people in the control group had good, moderate, and poor control and in the multivariable model, only the previous history remained in the model, which showed that the probability of infection in people with a previous history is almost 24 times higher than in people without a previous history.

The results indicate that age, female gender, history of diabetic foot, and high serum level of HbA1c had a significant relationship with diabetic foot. Since the serum level of HbA1c is an important indicator of long-term blood sugar control, it can possibly be used as a reliable factor to predict diabetic foot complications.

More than half of diabetic patients finally develop hypertension which remarkably increases the risk of multiple complications. This study aims to assess the association between dietary indices, antioxidant intake and bioactive foods, and hypertension in diabetic patients.

This was a cross-sectional population-based study on baseline data of Fasa PERSIAN cohort study which was conducted on adults in Sheshdeh town and its 24 villages, in Iran from 2014 to 2016. This research included 1229 patients with diabetes. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess three dietary indices (phytochemical index, dietary inflammatory index, and alternative healthy eating index-2010), antioxidant intake, and consumption of bioactive foods. Other lifestyle and demographic factors were also assessed. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to assess the associations between independent variables and hypertension.

Higher intake of garlic was significantly associated with lower odds of having hypertension after adjusting for potential confounders [adjusted odds ratio (AOR):0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.73-0.97]. Furthermore, female gender [AOR:1.77, 95% CI:1.26-2.49], being older [AOR:1.09, 95% CI:1.08-1.11], having a family history of hypertension [AOR:2.42, 95% CI:1.86-3.16] and higher body mass index (BMI) [AOR:1.1, 95% CI:1.07-1.13] were predictors of having hypertension. Neither dietary indices nor antioxidant intakes were associated with having hypertension in the crude or adjusted models.

Garlic consumption is negatively associated with hypertension in diabetic patients. However, female gender, old age, family history of hypertension and higher BMI are positively associated with this condition. Therefore, modifying diet and weight management are recommended for controlling hypertension in this group of patients.

The prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, and the role of diet in its etiology has been established. The Dietary inflammatory index (DII) has attracted significant attention in evaluating associations between diet and diseases due to the role of chronic inflammation as an underlying cause of numerous disease processes. Therefore, the relationship between DII score and the risk of T2DM is evaluated in the Iranian population for the first time.

113 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 226 apparently disease-free control cases aged 23-59 participated in this case-control study. A valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Then, energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were computed and categorized into quartiles based on values in the population study. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between DII and the risk of T2DM after controlling for important potential confounders and effect modifiers.

A significant association was observed between E-DII score and T2DM in the crude model (P-trend<0.001), model I (adjusted for physical activity, gender, education level, and family history of T2DM, P-trend<0.001), model II (adjusted for model I + body mass index, P-trend=0.005) (ORquartile4vs1 =2.98 (95% CI: 1.18, 9.12; P= 0.005).

A direct association was observed between DII score and the risk of T2D, implying that consuming a more anti-inflammatory diet would help to prevent T2DM. Future longitudinal studies should be conducted to further explore this association.

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common severe symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia can lead to tissue damage and inflammation due to mediators such as receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the G82S polymorphism of the RAGE gene and diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients.

In this case-control study, 356 participants (158 men and 198 women) of Asian race, aged 45 to 65 years, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on their fasting plasma glucose levels were enrolled. DNA was isolated from the participants’ blood samples and genotyped using TETRA -Primer ARMS-PCR. Serum protein concentration of soluble RAGE (sRAGE) was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Although we found differences in genotyping of participants between homozygous AA and GG and heterozygous GA in the studied groups, the differences were not significant (P = .568). In addition, we found no significant correlation between the G82S polymorphism of RAGE and the development of diabetic nephropathy. Serum levels of sRAGE were only slightly decreased in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared with diabetic patients (P > .05).

The results of this study indicate no significant association between the G82S polymorphism in the gene RAGE and the development of diabetic nephropathy. Serum levels of sRAGE were only slightly decreased in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to diabetic patients without nephropathy. Therefore, the study suggests that there is probably no association between the G82S polymorphism in the gene RAGE and the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a valuable tool for detecting abnormalities in nighttime blood pressure (BP), including non-dipping and nighttime hypertension. These abnormalities are independent predictors of a poor prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of our study was to analyze ABPM data and evaluate nighttime BP abnormalities in an Iranian CKD population.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on sixty-two patients at stages III and IV of CKD who were referred to a nephrology clinic in Tehran, Iran. The patients were classified as either dippers (19.4%) or non-dippers (80.6%), as well as nighttime normotensives (38.7%) or hypertensives (61.3%), based on ABPM data and in accordance with 2023 ESC/ESH guidelines. We compared demographic data, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and daytime BP levels among these groups.

The mean age of patients was 56.34 years, with 61.1% of them being male. Daytime pulse pressure was significantly greater in non-dippers compared to dippers (52.67 vs. 44 mmHg, P = .02). We found a significant correlation between the extent of BP dipping and eGFR (R = 0.281, P = .02). Systolic and diastolic daytime BP levels were significantly higher in individuals with nighttime hypertension. Diabetic patients were more likely to be non-dippers and have nighttime hypertension. After adjusting for age, diabetes mellitus, and daytime pulse pressure in a multivariable model, we determined that eGFR independently predicted the extent of BP dipping.

Our results showed that both non-dipping and nighttime hypertension are highly prevalent in CKD patients, but they have distinct contributing factors. The eGFR was identified as an independent predictor of BP dipping, whereas nighttime BP levels were primarily determined by daytime BP levels.

 Among varied ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid types, the therapeutic properties of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been indicated under diabetic conditions in different cell lineages. Here, we investigated the anti-diabetic properties of DHA in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (D2M) focusing on autophagy-controlling factors.

 D2M was induced in male Wistar rats using a single dose of streptozocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. On week 2, diabetic rats received DHA 950 mg/kg/d until the end of the study. After that, rats were euthanized, and aortic and cardiac tissue samples were stained with H&E staining for histological assessment. The expression of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, was measured in heart samples using real-time PCR analysis. Using western blotting, protein levels of BCLN1, LC3, and P62 were measured in D2M rats pre- and post-DHA treatment.

 Data showed intracellular lipid vacuoles inside the vascular cells, and cardiomyocytes, after induction of D2M and DHA reduced intracellular lipid droplets and in situ inflammatory response. DHA can diminish increased levels of ICAM-1 in diabetic conditions (PControl vs. D2M rats=0.005) and reach near-to-control values (PControl vs. D2M rats=0.28; PD2M rats vs. D2M rats+DHA=0.033). Based on western blotting, D2M slightly increased the BCLN1 and LC3-II/I ratio without affecting P62. DHA promoted the LC3II/I ratio (P=0.303) and reduced P62 (PControl vs. D2M rats+DHA =0.0433; pD2M vs. D2M rats+DHA=0.096), leading to the completion of autophagy flux under diabetic conditions.

 DHA can reduce lipotoxicity of cardiovascular cells possibly via the activation of adaptive autophagy response in D2D rats.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that accompany many metabolic disorders including diabetes, obesity, and a wide range of dyslipidemia conditions, are strongly associated with adverse effects on cell and tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, our objective was to investigate the impact of AGE-promoting diets on mouse models, considering both scenarios with and without methylglyoxal (MGO) as a primary precursor of AGEs.

In this experimental study, 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice were split into four groups as a control group (n=5), AGE (n=5), MGO (n=8), and AGE-MGO-diets (n=8). After five weeks the level of fasting blood sugar (FBS), body weight, food intake, sperm parameters, and functional tests were evaluated. Furthermore, testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed.

After five weeks, AGE, AGE-MGO, and MGO groups showed the highest level of body weight and FBS in comparison to the control group. Mean sperm concentration, sperm malondialdehyde, testicular lipid peroxidation, and TAC did not differ significantly among the study groups. While, AGE, MGO, and AGE-MGO groups showed a significant reduction in sperm motility and progressive motility compared to the control group (P<0.05). The greatest increases in abnormal sperm morphology and intracytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in the MGO and AGE-MGO groups than in the control group (P<0.05). Sperm protamine deficiency and residual histone were significantly increased in the three treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Regarding the DNA damage, the AGE and AGE-MGO groups showed the most severe damage. The lowest amount of testicular superoxide dismutases (SOD, P<0.001) was observed in the AGE-MGO group.

AGEs and MGO have a negative influence on sperm function and reproductive potential. These effects could be possibly attributed to both increased oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has different prevalence by region. This study aimed to identify the differences in the effects of obesity and depression on DM in South Korean adults by region.

The participants were 14,343 adults (≥30 yr) from Ulsan (regions with the lowest prevalence of DM) and Jeonbuk (regions with the highest prevalence of DM), and data were extracted from the Community Health Survey 2019. We applied a complex sampling design analysis to reflect the stratified, clustering and weights. The data were analyzed using the unweighted frequencies, weighted percentage, mean, standard error, Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression analysis (SPSS 25.0).

Regarding the main result for Ulsan, the odds ratio of DM increased by 1.94, 2.52,1.57, and 4.87 times for obesity(25-29.9kg/m²), high obesity(≥30kg/m²), depression, and receipt of psychological counseling for depression, respectively. In Jeonbuk, the odds ratio of DM increased by 1.79, 2.84, and 3.59 times for obesity, high obesity, and unmet medical experience, respectively. On the other hand, depression-related variables were found to not influence DM

We provided the rationale for conducting a health project that interventions for obesity and depression should be included in DM management programs differently in Ulsan and Jeonbuk regions.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the potential association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes during pregnancy.

Gaining insights into the effect of NAFLD on pregnancy outcomes is essential to ensure the health and well-being of mothers and infants.

This prospective cohort study was conducted at Imam Khomeini and Razi hospitals of Ahvaz City in 2022. Totally, 180 pregnant women in the NAFLD group to 180 in the control group. In this study, a researcher-made checklist was used to collect the background information, medical history, and lab data during their initial visit using. Follow-up continued until one week after delivery, with pregnancy outcomes assessed. Statistical analysis used student's t-test and the Chi-Square test for group comparisons.

Significant differences were observed between the NAFLD, and control groups in terms of age (P=0.003), BMI (P=0.016), ALT and AST measures (P<0.001), and hypertensive complications (P=0.044). The NAFLD group had higher rates of gestational diabetes (P<0.001) and gestational hypertension (P=0.003). However, no significant differences were found in gestational age at delivery, early postpartum hemorrhage rates, birth weight, and neonatal Apgar scores (P>0.05).

The pregnant women with NAFLD may be at risk for various complications during pregnancy, including a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes, elevated liver enzymes, and higher blood pressure compared to healthy pregnant women. However, the research failed to identify any statistically significant disparities between infants born to mothers with NAFLD and those delivered to healthy mothers in relation to birth weight, Apgar scores, or neonatal mortality.

Improper glycemic control is associated with diabetic cognitive dysfunction. Several studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effects of metformin and insulin. This study aimed to investigate the effects of metformin and/or insulin therapy on neurocognitive functions in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model.

Fifty adult male Wistar rats were used in this study and had free access to water and a normal chow diet. After an acclimatization period, 10 rats were kept on a normal chow diet and considered as the control group. T2DM was induced in the other 40 rats by a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin method. Then, diabetic rats were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups: Non-treated diabetic group; Metformin-treated diabetic group (treated with metformin 250 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks); Insulin-treated diabetic group (treated with NPH insulin 40 U/kg for 6 weeks); and Metformin and insulin-treated diabetic group. Neurocognitive functions were assessed by footprint assay, Y-maze, open field test, and Morris water maze. Glycaemic profile, serum levels of amyloid A, interleukin-18, and nuclear factor-kappa B were analyzed. Brain malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity were measured. A histopathological examination of the frontal lobe was performed.

Treatment with metformin and/or insulin significantly improved the impaired neurocognitive dysfunction, brain oxidative stress, changes in biochemical parameters, and the associated histopathological changes in the frontal cortex of diabetic rats. The combined therapy showed a better effect than either monotherapy alone.

Metformin and insulin therapy may be valuable for the prevention of neurocognitive dysfunction in T2DM.

Schools, a place where students spend much more time than home, play an importantrole in preventing the nation’s future generation from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This studyaimed to explore challenges in T2DM prevention among senior high school students. The study was conducted in Riau Province, Indonesia, from June to August 2023 usinga qualitative content analysis. 31 respondents, determined by data saturation, were recruited usingpurposeful sampling. They were public senior high schools’ principals, vice principals, school healthservices staff, school canteen tenants, students, parents, and primary health care personnel in sixdistricts. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews and document review.Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis method was used to analyze the data in Nvivo version 11software. The Lincoln and Guba Qualitative research criteria for trustworthiness were used to ensurethe rigor of the study. The main concepts obtained from the data were classified into three themes entitled,“Nonoptimal existing diabetes prevention programs in schools”, “Inadequate knowledge of schoolcommunity on T2DM”, and “Inadequate policies to prevent diabetes in schools” An evidence-based, well-organized, and systematic school-based diabetes preventionprogram is fundamental to help overcome challenges and prevent future T2DM incidence. It requiresrelevant stakeholders’ high level of awareness, strong collaborations with the school community, andeffective school policies.

Diabetes mellitus remains one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases and a major health concern, despite the availability of a variety of synthetic drugs for its treatment. The multiple consequences of this disease, combined with the potential side effects of chemical treatments, led to the study of other therapies, such as the use of medicinal plants renowned for a variety of active components. Given the historic usage of medicinal plants for diabetes treatment, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of lavender (Lavandula officinalis) hydroalcoholic extract on specific blood and urine biochemical factors in diabetic patients.

In this double-blinding clinical trial, a total of 72 diabetes patients were divided into two groups: a control group that received a placebo and a treatment group that received the lavender hydroalcoholic extract. Capsules containing the lavender extract were formulated to be administered. The placebo capsules were given to the control group, while the lavender extract capsules were given to the treatment group twice a day, once in the morning and once at night, for two months. All patients underwent blood biochemical testing and urine analysis at the beginning and end of the trial. The data collected were analyzed using the SPSS 18 software.

Compared to the placebo group, the mean HDL-C increased and the average levels of FBS, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TG, Chol, AST, and ALT became significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the patients who received capsules containing lavender extract. Likewise, the urine protein and sugar levels in the patients who received the lavender extract group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Yet, the average changes in BMI did not differ significantly between the groups receiving lavender extract and the placebo (P > 0.05).

 The lavender plant with different phenolic and flavonoids compounds could reduce blood sugar and also improve lipid profile in people with diabetes.

High-tempo music is commonly used during exercise to enhance physical activity. Post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation, responsible for cardiac recovery, is crucial for predicting cardiac arrhythmia and overall heart health. Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of music on exercise performance in healthy individuals. However, little is known about its impact on diabetic (Type II) females and young adults. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of listening to high-tempo music during exercise on workout performance and parasympathetic reactivation in these populations.

We evaluated a total of 70 females, including healthy individuals (n=36) and diabetic (Type II) females (n=34). Prior to the experiment, lipid profile and cardiac risk ratio were measured in blood samples taken one week before the active sessions. Each participant underwent two separate active sessions: one session involved running without music, and the other involved running while listening to music for a duration of 6 minutes. Heart rate was measured before running and at zero, five, and ten minutes after exercise. Running distance was also recorded.

In healthy adults, running distance significantly increased when listening to music during exercise compared to the non-music session (P<0.0001). Additionally, heart rate was significantly higher at time zero during running with music compared to the non-music session (P<0.0001). However, heart rate recovery was superior 10 minutes after exercise in the music group compared to the non-music group in diabetic females (P<0.0001).

 Listening to high-tempo music during exercise may increase sympathetic activity and enhance exercise performance, particularly in healthy young adults. Interestingly, listening to music during exercise may accelerate parasympathetic reactivation to a greater extent in diabetic females, potentially reducing the risk of arrhythmias during the resting period without enhancing exercise performance