جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Medical history » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 The occupation of Iran by the Allies in Shahrivar 1320 AH faced the country with a great crisis. Considering the strategic and geographical location of Khouzestan, the Allies attacked this province and finally it was captured by them after the army's resistance was crushed. The occupation of Khouzestan brought harmful results, especially in the field of healthcare. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the healthcare status in Khouzestan during the Second World War in 1320-1324 AH.

 This descriptive-analytical article was written with the library method and using archival sources and documents and newspapers of that time.

Ethical Considerations: 

In this research, the principle of trustworthiness and honesty in citing library and archival sources, originality of sources and avoiding bias in texts and analyzes have been observed.

 The results indicate that with the Allies’ domination on Khouzestan, the disruption of social order and the reduction of the central government’s supervision on healthcare, many infectious diseases that had decreased in the first Pahlavi period reappeared and the organization of healthcare faced problems.

 Hunger, lack of health and medical facilities, increased transportation and lack of quarantine during the occupation of Khouzestan by the Allies led to the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and typhus and increased casualties and continued until Allies’ departure. However, no effective measures were taken to improve health and increase medical services.

Melancholia in Iranian medicine is the name of a disease that was described by most of the physicians of the Islamic period. These physicians have classified melancholia as a brain disease. Most of the physicians of this period considered melancholia as a cause of Black bile in which thoughts and opinions change from their natural path towards corruption and fear.

This research with the aim of examining the views and opinions of Seyyed Ismail Jurjani, a physician of the 5th-6th century AH/11th century, on the topic of what is the concept of melancholia. For this purpose, the authored books of Jurjani, which has given an explanation of melancholy, such as "Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi, Khofi Alayee, Al-Aghrād al-Tibbīyah wa al-Mabāhith al-Alāīyah, and Yadegar" have been examined. Also, Noor software was used to examine the words "Melancholia", "Malencholia", "Melencholia" and "Macholia" in these books.

Jurjani considered the change in the temperament of the brain from soda as the cause of this disease. He considers a person suffering from melancholia to be a person who feels fear without reason and is sad and suspicious. Jurjani considered the emotional symptoms of a person suffering from melancholia to be in the nature of soda.

Jurjani has mentioned two types of cerebral melancholia and cooperative melancholia. In the discussion of cooperative members, Jurjani's opinion in "Al-Aghrād" complements her opinion in "Zakhire". Also, based on Jurjani's point of view, she paid attention to the nature of phlegm soda in order to improve the emotional symptoms of the sufferers and corrected the abnormal soda phlegm in the body.

Iran's medical history has a brilliant history. This brilliance can also be seen in the advancement of medical knowledge in Islamic civilization. The aim of this study was to investigate the life and scientific works of the physicians of Tabaristan in the Islamic period of Iran.

This research was analyzed by a descriptive-analytical method using the keywords of Tabaristan physicians, medical history of Tabaristan, Mazandaran, and Persian medicine. Data collection was done using library sources, historical documents, and databases.

Tabaristan is a part of the geography of Iran, which with the advent of Islam, became the cradle of healers who, by lasting works, caused the dynamism of Islamic medicine. During the era of Islamic Iran, famous physicians such as Ali Ibn Rabban Tabari, Seyed Ismaeil Jorjani, Abul Hassan Tabari, Abu Sahl Masihi, and Ibn Hindu Tabaristani lived and practiced medicine in different parts of Tabaristan. By writing Ferdows al-Hikma fi al-Tibb, Zakhirah Kharazmshahi, Al-Mualijat al-Boqaratiyah, Al-Miat fi al-Tibb, and Meftah al-Tibb va Menhaj al-Tollab, they have made a significant contribution to the prosperity of medical knowledge in Iran and Islamic civilization.

Tabaristan thinkers have been pioneers in authoring and compiling many specialized fields of medical knowledge such as ophthalmology and pediatrics. This is important, on the one hand, a document of the influence of Tabaristan scientists in the flourishing of Iran's medical history, and on the other hand, a document of the identity of this ancient land. It is hoped that this research can introduce the real face of Tabaristan medicine and the role of its physicians in the advancement of Iranian medical knowledge to today's generation.

The version of the treatise "Hal-e Moama dar Adab Hudus-e Maraz-e Vabba" in Persian language, is written by an unknown person known as Hakim Haq Nazar, one of the traditional physicians of the Qajar period (1789 to 1925 AD). This unique lithography copy is available in the Astan Quds Razavi library with the registration number 4410, and was completed by Abdul-Rahim Shirazi on the September 21, 1867 AD. This medical treatise is to pay attention to the effect of celestial objects and stars on the possibility of disease outbreak, which is proved by using Quranic verses and Nahj al-Balagha, and it deals with the possible justification of the outbreak of cholera in the Qajar period, which can be seen as a scholarly work of the Qur'an and a religious and religious approach in dealing with cholera.

This research was done in an analytical-descriptive way and with a library-document method; After collecting enough information about the version of the treatise "Hal-e Moama dar Adab Hudus-e Maraz-e Vabba" to achieve the goals of the research, the collected information was analyzed with a Qur'anic-narrative approach.

The use of poems by famous Iranian poets such as Ferdowsi Tusi, Saadi Shirazi and Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī is also one of the interesting points of this medical treatise, which shows the literary taste of the anonymous author of this medical treatise, in other works, the approach of Qur'anic and literary culture to medicine is less discussed.

In this research, we first investigate the possible author of this medical treatise in the Qajar period, and then we deal with the scientific and literary correction of the version of the treatise "Hal-e Moama dar Adab Hudus-e Maraz-e Vabba ".

Nowadays, people are more aware of health, the use of sanitary materials has increased and all kinds of detergents are offered.These chemical cleaners, despite their several benefits, causof damage to humans and the environment.In Iranian medicine, many sages have introduced various detergents with cleansing properties that are less dangerous than chemical detergents.This research aims to introduce effective material medica in maintaining and promoting skin and hair health in Iranian medical books.

The present study has been done by searching in library documents and foreign and domestic databases such as Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, ISC, magiran, etc.

Ethical Considerations:

In this research, ethical considerations including the authenticity of texts, honestyand trustworthiness have been observed.

Iranian sages have not only introduced various material medica, but also discussed their properties in cleansing, maintaining healthand preventing and treating skin and hair diseases.Among these material medica, the properties of plants such as Seidlitzia rosmarinus, Cedrus, Lawsonia inermis (Henna)and Hibiscus and minerals such as Venetian ceruse and Borax have been of great interest.

Natural detergents have many properties including renewable, lower cost, more stabilityand less human and biological toxicity.Therefore, it is suggested to introduce them through clinical trials and prove these benefits.By informing people about their use, we can reduce the human and biological harms resulting from the production and use of chemical detergents.

 Hygiene, individual and social health had a special place in ancient Iran and the Gomiz (cow urine), as a disinfectant and purifying substance, have been considered by the ancient Iranians. The purpose of this research is to study the place of Gomiz as a natural cleanser in the health of ancient Iran.

 This research was conducted by library method and content analysis, based on historical and religious sources with the keywords Gomiz, Natural cleanser, Ancient Iran and hygiene. The keywords were searched in Persian and English in Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and SID databases and the findings were written after collection, coding and classification.

Ethical Considerations:

 In this research, the ethical aspects of library study including the authenticity of the text, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

 Water and Gomiz have been the purifiers of ancient Iran and used to purify the human body and soul, environment, dishes, clothes, corpses and contaminated places, reducing disease transmission and medical cases. Gomiz was used in most religious rituals, including Ablution, Disinfecting and Barshanum and was sometimes considered more effective than water.

 According to ancient Iranian sources, Gomiz was considered a disinfectant and a cleanser and often washing with clean water has also been discussed. However, Gomiz was considered a cleansing and disinfectant substance in Zoroastrian religious ceremonies it is not considered a disinfectant in the scientific community today. Although gomiz is pure in Islam, it is not a purifying element. Further practical and laboratory research in confirming or disproving the disinfectant properties of Gomiz by relevant experts could be a retelling of a new theory.

Childbirth and becoming a mother is one of the most important events in everyone's life. Since the past times, in all civilizations, the positions has been used as a way to facilitate and speed up childbirth and it is one of the important and effective measures in the process of labor and delivery. It can be expected due to the history of traditional medicine and the strategic nature of its orders wich by identifying the positions which are presented in old texts of traditional medicine, It is possible to take an important step in preventing the prolongation of the birth process, dystocia and finally reducing the rate of cesarean section and increasing the health of mother and baby.

The current research is a library study in which the authentic texts of traditional medicine, including Kefayat al Teb, Al-Havi, Al-Qanun, Mofarreh al-Qolub, Kholase-Alhekmah and eleven other books, are directly studied and materials related to the mother's position were collected to facilitate childbirth and were presented in compliance with the principle of confidentiality.

In the present study squatting, sitting, knee chest, standing and semi sitting positions have been mentioned and knee chest position is recommended for obese people or those with pelvic and abdominal masses. In cases of deviation of the fetal body position to the left or right and anterior or posterior, placing the position opposite to the side of the deviation or correction by hand is mentioned and finally, the best position for childbirth is sitting on a chair.

In the texts of traditional medicine, not only the types of positions used in common medicine are mentioned, but also new positions such as knee chest position for obese people, the movement similar to swing riding, going down and going up the stairs and sitting down and standing up suddenly has been introduced which by doing more research in this field, it seems that they can be used to facilitate and speed up childbirth and to eliminate dystocia.

To know myths and symbols is a scientific tool for understanding the culture, thinking and customs of human beings from ancient times. The purpose of this research is to study and recognize the background and origin of Simorgh as a medical symbol of Iranians.

In this study by a descriptive approach and determining the keywords of medical symbol, Simorgh, snake, phoenix, Angha, Homay pezeshk, bird therapist and ancient Iran, valid scientific databases, articles and ancient sources of medical history were examined. The collected information was presented in a regular format after coding, classification and analysis.

Ethical Considerations:

This research has been done only by relying on library resources and the principle of fidelity and honesty of quoting the used texts, the originality of the sources and avoiding bias in referring to texts or analyzes, has been observed.

Symbol and myth are closely related to each other. Myth is the area of symbols and the symbol gives meaning to myth. The snake and the staff of Kaduse (the most important element of the medical symbol of the world which has been chosen as a symbol of medication) have Iranian origins and have been accepted by other nations due to the influence of Mithraism in Rome, Greece and its conversion to Christianity. In ancient Iranian mythology, Simorgh was considered a symbol of superiority, healing and the symbol of the kingdom. The combination of animal species in Simorgh, each have been a symbol of one of the four elements of nature, can be influenced by the immortality of life and help.

The results of this study show that medical knowledge had a special place in ancient Iran. In the ancient cultural heritage of Iran, the symbols have a history of several thousand years that have been associated with medical science, herbs and surgery. Therefore the symbol of Simorgh as a symbol of medication was unveiled in Iran to show the originality of Iranian culture and civilization especially in the field of medicine.

Nutritional modification has played an irreplaceable role in preventing and treating diseases in all medical periods. The study and analysis of the role of nutrition in maintaining health in the works of Haly Abbas (930-994 AD) are some of the main objectives of the present study.

In the present review study, the most critical views and opinions of Haly Abbas in the field of nutrition and its role in disease prevention are collected based on the reference book " Kitab al-Maliki " and reputable databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Science direct and finally According to the objectives and questions of the research, it was analyzed.

Ethical Considerations: 

This study approved with the Ethical Committee of Arak university of medical sciences by code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1399.158.

Haly Abbas considers diet modification as the first step in preventing and treating diseases. He believes that physicians should know the temperament of foods, beverages and the nature of the body. Classification of foods and their recommendations based on profession, nature, health conditions and diseases are among the other scientific features of the book.

The choice of food type based on individual characteristics is another manifestation of the concept of nutritioninomics in Haly Abbas's works. Also, Tali's characteristics and opinions are not dissimilar to today's food pyramid. The classification of foods is written in a more regular and accurate book than Al-Hawi Rhazes's book and more practical than Avicenna's Canon book. Evolution is well seen in Haly Abbas's nutritional views of his predecessors, such as Rhazes and his undeniable effectiveness on the beliefs of later physicians.

Sayyed Isma'il Jurjani (434-531 AH) has a special position and role among Persian medical scientists. This is because his works are valuable and have influenced the doctors after him. Moreover, he perfected the tradition of writing medical books in Persian. Introduction of this great Iranian sage can be the beginning of new research on the personality and works of this brilliant figure and the benefit of his precious works, especially in the field of medical science. This research has been performed with a review, descriptive and library approach based on the books of Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi, Al-Aghraḍ al-Ṭibbiyah wa al-Mabahith al-Alaiyah, Yadegar, Khofi Alayee and Zubdah al-Tibb and other sources of Persian Medicine and valid sources in medical history. It intends to comprehensively and undeniably address the role of Jurjani in guiding Iranian medicine to the path of excellence and the development and transmission of this precious heritage to future generations. Sayyed Isma'il Jurjani is in the middle of the ups and downs of Iranian medicine. The result of this research shows that many Iranian medical scientists who came into existence after Jurjani are influenced by his works and writing style. Considering the holistic view and accuracy of this Iranian scientist, perhaps a new horizon can be opened for researchers and new topics be presented in treatment of diseases, with more detailed studies in his works to discover knowledge and compare them with scientific texts of conventional medicine.

Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tabari Toranji, the author of the book "al-mu'alaja al-buqratiya", is one of the greatest physicians of Tabaristan and Iran in the fourth century AH. For this purpose, in the tenth issue (Volume 20, October 2018) of the Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, an article entitled "Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tabari Toranji; the famous Iranian physician" has been published on pages 72-75 about the biography of this valuable scientist, which seems to have some problems and shortcomings in terms of historical geography. Therefore, the purpose of publishing this article is to critique the published article and draw appropriate conclusions in scientific studies.

The Safavid period is considered one of the most important periods in the history of Iranian medicine. During this period, medical knowledge was developed many works in the field of medicine were written and several hospitals were established. In recent years, several studies have been conducted on the medical history of the Safavid period. The purpose of this study is to introduce and critique the paper "Medicine of the Safavid era relying on Western travelogues" by Saeed Agharezaei and Shiva Rezaei. This research is an analytical-critical study that uses library resources to review and evaluate the paper in terms of structure, content, and method. The paper has coherent writing and indicates the authors' efforts to explain the medical and health situation of the Safavid period from the perspective of Western tourists. In the structure of the paper, sometimes inappropriate references and writing errors are seen. Failure to mention the reasons for the migration of physicians to India, failure to determine the true location of hospitals, failure to mention the position of dental, veterinary and surgical knowledge, failure to mention epidemics and ambiguity of the pharmacology situation in the Safavid period can be enumerated content critiques. The results show that the paper, despite attempts to reveal various aspects of medicine in the Safavid era, has some structural, content, and method problems. Therefore, it is expected that the respected authors, by eliminating the mentioned problems, will be able to publish a more significant work on the history of medicine in future research.

Dental profession has an ethical and legal responsibility in patient care. A properly maintained patient record is a very important aspect of this patient care. The aim of this study was to evaluate dentists' practice in obtaining and recording the medical and pharmacological history of patients in Yazd City in 2020.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 197 dentists working in Yazd City were selected during the study and their practice in obtaining and recording medical history was evaluated using a valid questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 statistical software t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Out of 197 dentists participating in this study, 93 (52.8%) were male and 104 (47.2%) were female. Their mean age was 39.37± 8.36 years and their mean clinical experience was 6.5± 9.25 years. The mean score of dentists' practice in obtaining and recording the medical and pharmacological history was 61.30±4.95 (range 45-72) out of 72 points. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of dentists' practice by gender, clinical experience, university of study and degree (P-value>0.05), but there was a statistically significant relationship between dentists' age and their practice score (P-value=0.040).

Based on the results of the present study, the mean practice source of dentists in obtaining and recording the medical and pharmacological history of patients was good. The effect of gender, university of study and degree on dentists' practice was not significant. However, with increasing age and experience in dentistry, the practice score of dentists was lower.