مجله طب سنتی اسلام و ایران
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 49، بهار 1401)

According to Persian Medicine texts, pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) oil has been suggested as a nasal drop for insomnia, but the hypnotic effect of pumpkin seed oil has not been studied despite recommendation by traditional medicine and general use. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of topical pumpkin seed oil on anesthesia in New Zealand white rabbits and to evaluate its analgesic and hypnotic properties. We used a drug along with chemical anesthesia that increases its effectiveness and does not have significant side effects and eliminates the need for high doses of anesthesia.

Twenty-five adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups of 5 and received ketamine-xylazine. The first group was anesthetized only with ketamine-xylazine anesthesia protocol. One hour before receiving the anesthesia protocol, the second group, received pumpkin seed oil by administering two drops in one nostril, while the fourth group received two drops in each nostril. The third group received ten drops of pumpkin seed oil on the inner skin of the long cartilage of one ear, and the fifth group received ten drops of pumpkin seed oil on the inner skin of the long cartilage of both ears as a topical application.

In the analysis of variance (ANOVA), there was a significant difference between the mean duration of anesthesia in experimental and control groups. Substantial difference existed between the mean duration of anesthesia in the control group and the experimental group three. None of the vital signs were alarming in any groups, and all were within approved range during rabbit anesthesia.

The results showed that using pumpkin seed oil along with ketamine-xylazine anesthesia protocol significantly increases hypnotic and analgesic components of anesthesia.

Proper selection and guidance of athletes is one of the benefits of talent identification that will lead to great savings in resource consumption. Individual differences are one of the most important indicators and play a significant role in this regard. Persian Medicine deals with physical, physiological and psychological differences with regard to the concept of temperament (Mizaj). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of temperament in physiological differences during a period of resistance training in non-athlete women.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-course and post-course design with two experimental groups of cold temperament and warm temperament. The statistical populations in this study were young non-athlete women. Participants were divided into two groups of hot temperament (12 people) and cold temperament (12 people) by Salmannejad standard Mizaj questionnaire. Body composition indices were measured twice, both before and after resistance training. The exercise protocol targeted the pectoralis major, trapezius, abdominal muscles, and extensor and flexor thigh muscles. After collecting and entering the data in SPSS software (version 21), raw data was analyzed. Hypotheses were tested with a significance level of p≥0.05.

The results showed significant between-group difference in muscle percentage in resistance training of young non-athlete warm- and cold-tempered women (p=0.03(. There was no significant difference between warm and cold groups in the waist to pelvic ratio groups in a period of resistance training of warm- and cold- tempered young women (p=0.13(. There was a significant difference in fat percentage between the groups in a period of resistance training of warm- and cold- tempered young women (p=0.04(.

In resistance activities, cold-tempered individuals have better physiological changes in the field of health than the warm-tempered. Therefore, temperament can be considered effective in health and professional sports practices.

The main purpose of this study is to present a "Thematic Digital Library of Iranian Traditional Medicine" using Medicine Ontology.

Documentary analysis method was used in this research. The Website builder portal was selected as the prototype implementation environment for the system shell to test and execute various components and analyses.

Analysis of the Indian Digital Library system and knowledge organization tools showed that use of medical ontology is more applied and practical. Suggested components in the TDLITM system as the only example of a thematic digital library of its kind include: Origin and Mizaj, search engine (simple, advanced and based on ontology tools), ontology, Iranian medicine resources, about the system, Copyright, Contact us, System guide and system language. Indeed, menus of plant name, drug name and source name are provided for better navigation at the bottom of the page. In this research, attempt has been made to obtain various concepts for the proposed system shell by analyzing TKDL.

Considering the extensive concepts and aspects of Iranian Traditional Medicine, a digital library system can be proposed as a theoretical support for this field and documentation of its rich knowledge. TDLITM can also be considered as a pattern for other fields, as it will be useful in meeting the specialized needs of the user and better retrieval. Using organizational tools such as medical ontology in the form of a digital library, can help these efforts take on a more scientific and systematic aspect. In addition, efforts should be made to internationalize the concepts and issues of Iranian medicine in consultation with international patent offices. Creating a digital library, a topic similar to what is provided by the traditional knowledge digital library of India may be able to internationalize this ancient and valuable heritage of Iranian medicine.

Sayyed Isma'il Jurjani (434-531 AH) has a special position and role among Persian medical scientists. This is because his works are valuable and have influenced the doctors after him. Moreover, he perfected the tradition of writing medical books in Persian. Introduction of this great Iranian sage can be the beginning of new research on the personality and works of this brilliant figure and the benefit of his precious works, especially in the field of medical science. This research has been performed with a review, descriptive and library approach based on the books of Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi, Al-Aghraḍ al-Ṭibbiyah wa al-Mabahith al-Alaiyah, Yadegar, Khofi Alayee and Zubdah al-Tibb and other sources of Persian Medicine and valid sources in medical history. It intends to comprehensively and undeniably address the role of Jurjani in guiding Iranian medicine to the path of excellence and the development and transmission of this precious heritage to future generations. Sayyed Isma'il Jurjani is in the middle of the ups and downs of Iranian medicine. The result of this research shows that many Iranian medical scientists who came into existence after Jurjani are influenced by his works and writing style. Considering the holistic view and accuracy of this Iranian scientist, perhaps a new horizon can be opened for researchers and new topics be presented in treatment of diseases, with more detailed studies in his works to discover knowledge and compare them with scientific texts of conventional medicine.

During the Abbasian period, the progress of Muslims in fields of medicine and pharmacy was far more than other sciences. Iranian physicians and scientists have played a prominent role in these advances. Dinavar city is one of the ancient scientific and cultural centers of Islamic Iran and has long been the cradle of mystics and great men in the field of science and mysticism and has been of special importance. One of the celebrated scholars in traditional Islamic and Persian medicine, who rose from city of Dinavar, is Abu Hanifa Dinawari. Despite his prominent role and valuable works in the field of botany, there are unfortunately few historical sources about the life and introduction of the botanical works of this great scientist. The purpose of writing this article is to introduce Abu Hanifa Dinawari as one of the great Iranian botanists in the third century AH. This research was conducted by a documentary and library method and is based on study and review of books and sources of traditional and historical medicine of Iran and Islam as well as electronic resources. Abu Hanifa was the first Muslim botanist in the Islamic era who was able to tackle many questions and unknowns, particularly in the field of botany, so that many great scientists such as Ibn Baytar and Abu Rayhan Biruni have quoted his valuable works in explaining and describing some plants. Introducing Iranian Muslim scientists, who, despite their creativity and valuable works, have not been properly recognized, can thoroughly explain the crucial role Iranian scholars have played in development of various sciences.

Proverbs are one of the most important fields of study in the popular literature of any country, through which the reflection of collective wisdom and the history of thinkers can be studied and analyzed. A significant part of Persian proverbs is related to medical and health recommendations, which are analyzed and classified in this article. Initially, related proverbs were extracted from the book One Hundred Thousand Persian Proverbs. Subsequently, studying and examining the content, we classified them under recommendations and avoidances and by referring to selected Persian books such as Hidayat al-Muta`allimin fi al-Tibb, Al-Abnyia 'an Haqa'iq al-Adwiya, Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi, Ibn Sina's works such as Rag Shenasi, Risalah Judiyah, and Dafi’ al-Madar al-Kuliyyah ‘an al-Abdan al-Insaniyyah, as well as the Comprehensive Library of Traditional Medicine software, where necessary. We compared the obtained information with the scientific content of the mentioned books and gathered the results presented in this article. An excerpt from a master's thesis, this research is descriptive-analytical and library method was used to gather information. Based on results, out of 100,000 proverbs in Persian, about 4,000 are related to traditional medicine, which include recommendations and avoidances, names of diseases, and types of treatments and medicinal plants. This article has reviewed the do's and don'ts and health and medical recommendations among them, and where necessary, has analyzed and reviewed the obtained information according to the original texts of Persian Medicine. Health and medical advice are directly related to the health of the human body and soul, and has always been an important human concern. Their reflection in popular culture and literature can be traced in terms of direct references in proverbs. Proverbs reflect the most common and well-known popular beliefs on do's and don'ts of health and medical advice. They are consistent with the information obtained from medical books in the golden ages of knowledge in Persian language, i.e. the 4th and 5th Hijri centuries.

Avicenna and Rhazes are two significant initiative physicians in the golden age of the Islamic period. Although both are raised from the Galenic tradition, we see the controversy and their different methods. Generally, it is said that Rhazes valued experiences, while Avicenna rather more theoretical approaches. Nonetheless, both physicians likewise their pioneer, Galen, were also philosophers. In this paper, I aim to clarify that their contrasting views are due to their different natural philosophy. In this paper, I investigate the basis of their ideas in natural philosophy, according to the existent sources (i. e. their books and treatises), in an analytical approach. And then, in their medical texts, I examine the hypothesis derived from their natural philosophy books. As Rhazes was an atomist in natural philosophy, this view rejects determinism and essentialism in Physics. As a result of this approach, the analysis of questions of nature turned less to metaphysics and more to empiricism. This view contrasts with Avicenna, who believed in Continuism and Hylomorphism and consequently he had an essentialist and teleologist view of nature. These led him to metaphysical analysis in the exploration of natural phenomena. I show that their different methods of writing medical books originate from their different natural philosophies and views on the principles of nature.