جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Optimism » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Faculty Development Programs (FDPs) aim to improve the academic careers of faculty members. This study was designed to assess the attitudes of faculty members and the impact of FDP on their academic improvement.

12 faculty members took part in the research from 2016 to 2019. Using a Delphi method, an open secure questionnaire was provided to 12 junior faculty members in the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care (DACC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran. Then, the keywords of the latter were analyzed, leading to a 32-item closed-answer questionnaire, filled out by the same participants. Also, the impact of the study was assessed using bibliometric improvement indices.

Both the response rate and participation rate were 100%. Approximately all the participants considered FDP an advantageous and promising academic program. 65 percent of the participants had academic improvement, from “Assistant Professor” to “Associate Professor” rank. Besides, the cumulative number of citations to the participants had a 16.2 times improvement. Both latter results were significantly higher than the mean improvement of the cohort faculty members in the DACC, SBMU.

Faculty members of DACC, SBMU had positive attitudes towards FDP and described it as “a well-designed multilateral academic teamwork, thriving ethical, educational, managerial and research-related capacities”. Also, objective improvement in some academic indices was observed. In many academic environments including developing countries, FDPs are effective scientific investment methods.

Increasing job stress weakens the nurses’ health, subsequently increasesemotional exhaustion, and decreases their efficiency; therefore, the aim of this study was toinvestigate the effect of resilience and optimism on emotional exhaustion and job stress innurses fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic in Hajar Hospital of Shahrekord in Iran in2021-2022. The method of the current study is practical in terms of purpose and descriptivesurvey in terms of data collection. The statistical population included 330 nurses workingin inpatient wards of patients with COVID-19 in Hajar Hospital of Shahrekord; the samplesize was determined using Cochran’s formula (178 people) and available methods. Thedata were collected through standard questionnaires including resilience questionnaire byConnor and Davidson (2003); optimism questionnaire by Caliskan & Uzunkol (2018); jobstress questionnaire by Sosik & Godshalk (2000), and emotional exhaustion questionnaire byMaslach & Jackson (1981). The findings showed that job stress had a significant effect on the nurses’ emotionalexhaustion (P=0.000). Also, optimism had a significant effect on the nurses’ emotionalexhaustion with the mediation of job stress (P=0.004) and resilience had a significant effecton the nurses’ emotional exhaustion with the mediation of job stress (P=0.025). According to the results of the research, it was found that as nurses’ optimismand resilience increased and their stress decreased, their emotional exhaustion also decreased.Therefore, hospital supervisors could be helpful in formulating strategies in the field ofincreasing hope and positive energy, as well as training nurses to enhance their resilience.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of teaching cognitive behavioral techniques on changing attachment styles and increasing mental health and increasing optimism among medical students of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad branch.

This quasi-experimental research adopted a pre-test and post-test with the control group. The statistical population included all all medical students of Azad University in the 2019-2020 in Mashhad, Iran. Thirty medical students were selected by purposful sampling method and then, using a random number table, they were placed in two experimental groups and a control group (n=15 in each group). Medical students in the CBT group received eleventh 70-min sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy during five weeks (two sessions a week).  The control group was considered on the waiting list. The Attachment Style Questionnaire(ASQ), The 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and The Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using The independent t-test and MANOVA in SPSS-25. The significance level (P-value) was considered to be less than 0.05.

It was indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of attachment styles, mental health, and optimism between the two groups immediately after the intervention (P<0.05).

Based upon the results, it was concluded that enhanced secure attachment style, the level of mental health and optimism increased significantly th in the CBT group after the intervention. Therefore, it is necessary to take particular measures to regularly hold the sessions of CBT for medical students with insecure attachment.

 The prevalence of certain autoimmune disorders among women is rising at a faster rate compared to men, potentially affecting the well-being of women globally.   This study aimed to explore the moderating influence of mindfulness on optimism and mental energy among women diagnosed with autoimmune conditions.

 Descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional research methods, along with structural equation modeling (SEM), were utilized in this study. The research population consisted of all women with autoimmune diseases in Tehran from May to April 2023.  A total of 204 women with autoimmune diseases were selected as the statistical sample using targeted sampling.   The research utilized the Trauma Resilience Scale (TRS), Mental Vitality Questionnaire (MVQ), and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) as measurement tools.   Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 27 software, while path coefficients were analyzed using SmartPLS version 4 software.   Additionally, Sobel's test was employed to determine the significance of the mediator variable.  A significance level of 0.05 was considered. 

  Based on the findings optimism had a favorable and noteworthy influence on mental vitality (β=0.399, P<0.001). Similarly, the variable of optimism also had a favorable and noteworthy impact on accompanying action with awareness, description, no judgment, and view aspects (P<0.001). However, the optimism variable did not exhibit a significant influence on No reaction (P=0.134). Furthermore, a negative and significant correlation (β=-0.065, P=0.007) was identified between optimism and Mental vitality, with the intervening aspect of the no judgment component.  Conversely, a positive and meaningful association (β=0.172, P<0.001) was observed between optimism, and mental vitality, with the involvement of the view component. Nonetheless, the indirect associations between optimism and mental vitality, with the mediating role of No reaction, accompanying action with awareness, and Description components, were not statistically significant (P>0.05). 

 The results of the present study indicated that optimism increases mental vitality and the dimensions of mindfulness, of course, except for lack of reaction. And the mediating variable of mindfulness also has significant effects on optimism and mental vitality.

Firefighters are frequently exposed to job-related traumatic events that may have negative health consequences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a self-disclosure program using expressive writing to enhance firefighters' positive psychological improvements.

 Allowing for attrition, 28 firefighters working in rescue-firefighting duties were recruited from five fire stations in Changwon in 2018. An experimental group received the self-disclosure program, in which expressive writing consisted of four sessions for enhancing post-traumatic growth. Participants filled out the Life Orientation Test-Revised Optimism Scale, the Korean version of the Brief COPE for problem-focused coping, the Korean version of the Event-Related Ruminating Scale to measure ruminative thinking, and the Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory to measure posttraumatic development. The data were analyzed by frequency, mean and standard deviation, and paired t-test using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. The significance level of alpha was .05.

 Male participants in rescue-firefighting duties participated, and worked as firefighters for an average of 13.57 years. There were significant differences between pretest and posttest findings on optimism (t=2.60, p=.016), problem-focused coping (t=2.51, p=.019), and deliberate rumination (t=2.32, p=.029). It indicated that the experimental group's optimism, problem-focused coping, and deliberate rumination significantly increased after participating in the expressive writing program.

 The self-disclosure program using expressive writing is effective for firefighters with job-related traumatic events by developing positive psychological changes. It is advised that a chief fire officer should

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spiritual health, positive thinking, type D personality, and health-promoting lifestyle with death anxiety in heart failure patients.

This research was analytical-cross-sectional conducted in 2022. The statistical population included all heart failure patients in Yazd city, Iran, in 2021. A sample of 200 people with heart failure disease was selected using the convenience sampling method. The data collection tools in this research included Poltzen-Wallis’s (1982) spiritual health questionnaire, Ingram and Wisnicki’s positive thinking questionnaire, personality type D questionnaire, Walker’s health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire, and Templer’s death anxiety questionnaire. The data were examined and analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. SPSS software, version 26 was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that spiritual health, positive thinking, type D personality, and health-enhancing lifestyle reduce death anxiety in heart failure patients and the relationship between the variables is positive and significant.

The results indicate that the higher the level of spiritual health, positive thinking, D personality type, and health-enhancing lifestyle among heart failure patients, the less death anxiety, and the higher the mental health of the patients, the better their quality of life.

Social communication is one of the important factors for older adults’ life satisfaction. However, the impact of intergenerational communication dimensions on it and the role of optimism toward aging in this correlation is unclear.

This study investigated the mediating role of optimism toward aging in the association between intergenerational communication and older adults’ life satisfaction.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 550 older adults in Bojnord, Iran, who were selected by a multistage sampling method. Data were collected with the Optimism Toward Aging (OTA) scale, a single-item measure of life satisfaction, and the intergenerational communication scale with two dimensions, intergenerational accommodative communication (IAC) and intergenerational non-accommodative communication (INAC). Structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood estimation was adopted in Amos 24.0.

The mean age of the participants was 67.74 ± 7.18, and 240 people (43.6%) were men. The results revealed that IAC had no significant direct association with life satisfaction (LS) (β = 0.02, P > 0.05), but INAC had a significant negative direct association with it (β = -0.170, p < 0.001). Unlike IAC (β = 0.474, P < 0.001), INAC did not show direct associations with OTA (β = 0.002, P > 0.05). However, only IAC could indirectly affect the LS of older adults through the complete mediating effect of OTA (β = 0.145, CI = [0.100, 0.199], P < 0.001).

The findings suggested the positive effect of optimism toward aging on intergenerational accommodative communication and life satisfaction. Intergenerational non-accommodation exhibited a stronger direct association with life satisfaction in older adults than intergenerational accommodation. Thus, to enhance life satisfaction in older adults, it is necessary to give special attention to improving their communication with young people and promoting their optimism.

Some breast cancer sufferers experience the recovery period due to the impact of covid-19, which is psychologically affected, staying at home and the recovery process increases the feeling of loneliness and psychological stress in them. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy, optimism and hope with anxiety and depression in women with breast cancer with the role of mediator of resilience during the covid-19 pandemic.

The present study is descriptive of the correlation type. The statistical population of this research included all women with breast cancer in Gorgan city, 135 women with breast cancer, according to the inclusion criteria (including pathological diagnosis of breast cancer by a specialist, age over 18 years, reading and writing literacy and no medical diagnosis Acute or chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and kidney problems) were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using Demographic Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Vision About Future Scale and Sherer General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software with Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis method.

The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy, optimism and hope with resilience and a negative and significant relationship with anxiety and depression of women with breast cancer (P<0.01). Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between resilience and anxiety and depression (P<0.01). The results of the model analysis also showed that resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy, optimism and hope with anxiety and depression and has a favorable fit.

The result is that resilience along with self-efficacy, optimism and hope as a positive psychological factor can play a role in reducing the psychological distress of patients during the covid-19 pandemic. For these women, our findings suggest the implementation of psychological interventions that build resilience.

Repetitive negative thinking, including rumination, is associated with a variety of depressive symptoms in students. This study aimed to investigate the effect of positive self-talk training on depression alleviation in students with suicidal ideation.

In this quasi-experimental research, we employed a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population consisted of all depressed students with suicidal ideation in Heris County (East Azerbaijan Province, Iran) during the 2021–22 academic year. Purposive sampling was used to select 34 students as the research sample. They were then randomly assigned into an experimental group and a control group (17 participants per group). Both groups took a pretest, and the Beck Depression Inventory was used to collect the necessary data. The experimental group received positive self-talk training in eight 90-minute sessions (two sessions a week), after which both groups took the posttest. ANCOVA was used for data analysis in SPSS version 26.

The study included 34 male and female students with an average age of 15.12±2.69 years. The mean±SD of depression in the experimental group in the pretest and posttest stages were 37.53±6.62 and 12.47±6.33, respectively (P<0.001). The difference between the mean±SD of depression in the control group was not significant in the pretest (33.65±6.59) and posttest (37.12±6.30) stages. The results showed that positive self-talk training had a significant effect on depression in students with suicidal ideation (P<0.001). Thus, positive self-talk training alleviated depression in the students.

Positive self-talk training can be applied to mitigate depression in students with suicidal ideation. The findings of this study can be practically beneficial to psychologists, school counselors, principals, and teachers.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) complications cause patients to experience a great deal of concerns and challenges that have adverse effects on their mental health. This study aimed to assess the effect of an empowerment program on life orientation and optimism in CAD patients.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 84 CAD patients admitted to post‑CCU wards of Tehran Heart Center during 2018–2019 Patients were allocated to intervention and control groups by block randomization method based on inclusion criteria. Demographic and disease characteristics, and optimism and Life Orientation Test‑Revised (LOT‑R) questionnaires were completed before and eight weeks after intervention. In the intervention group, an empowerment program was implemented. Data were analyzed by independent t‑test, paired t‑test, and Chi‑square test.

The results showed that the mean of patients’ age in the intervention and control group was Mean [Standard Deviation (SD)] 54.59 (7.93) and 55.92 (7.81) years, respectively. Most patients in both intervention (61.90%) and control (66.70%) groups were male. The majority of patients in the intervention group (92.90%) and the control group (95.20%) were married. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics and disease history before the intervention (p > 0.05). After the intervention, a significant difference was observed in the life orientation and optimism scores between the intervention and control groups (p < 0.001).

By stimulating self‑awareness, providing knowledge and encouraging patients to control, and manage their disease, the empowerment program changes patients’ view of their disease, and increases their optimism and positive life orientation. 

Psychological well-being is one of the issues of positive psychology that requires life and includes good mental health, high life satisfaction, a sense of meaning and purpose, and the ability to manage stress. Given that we live in the 21st Century and since the disease affected people’s health, optimism and gratitude can play an important role in promoting psychological well-being, and investing in this issue can lead to good results.

The present research design is correlational. All male and female students in the fields of psychology, educational sciences, and counseling at Payame Noor University in Khuzestan province include the statistical population. Due to the prevalence of coronavirus and lack of face-to-face access to students and by designing a WhatsApp link, 393 people (301 girls and 92 boys) were selected voluntarily. To collect data, the questionnaires on optimism (2019); gratitude (2022), and psychological well-being (2022) were used. Questionnaires were distributed and collected through the WhatsApp link. Pearson correlation and regression were used for data analysis in SPSS software, version 27.

The results showed that the mean of optimism and gratitude of girls is higher than boys, while the psychological well-being of boys is higher than girls. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between optimism and psychological well-being (r=0.61, P=0.002) and between gratitude and psychological well-being (r=0.55, P<0.012). Step-by-step regression showed that 42% of psychological well-being can be explained and predicted by optimism and gratitude.

Given that optimism and gratitude are effective in the amount of psychological well-being, it is possible to provide psychological interventions based on optimism and gratitude.