جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Physiological » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

This study aimed to investigate whether transdiagnostic treatment as well as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) could improve treatment adherence and alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms plus perceived stress in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome.

Research has shown that people with chronic diseases often have negative attitudes toward medications, especially when they also have psychiatric disorders. This, along with the complex dosing requirements and inadequate knowledge about medication adherence among irritable bowel syndrome patients, can affect the treatment efficacy.

A randomized clinical trial was conducted using a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population included patients with irritable bowel syndrome referring to Taleghani Hospital in Tehran between winter 2021 and spring 2022. Convenience sampling was used to select 30 individuals, with 15 people assigned to each group. Two types of psychotherapy were provided online and individually to the participants. The desired treatments were given to the transdiagnostic treatment and ACT groups in eight weekly sessions of 45-60 minutes.

There was no significant difference between the transdiagnostic treatment pre-test and ACT regarding perceived stress, medication adherence, and gastrointestinal symptoms (P>0.05). There was no significant difference either between the transdiagnostic treatment and ACT post-test. However, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test phases of ACT regarding adherence, gastrointestinal symptoms, plus perceived stress (P<0.05) and transdiagnostic treatment regarding gastrointestinal symptoms (P<0.05).

Specialists may use transdiagnostic treatment and ACT as effective psychological treatments to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms and perceived stress, thereby increasing treatment adherence in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Adaptation to complications of hysterectomy is one of the topics of concern for women and health care providers. There is no instrument for evaluating adaptation to hysterectomy. This study aimed to design the Hysterectomy Adaptation Scale (HAS) and assess its psychometric properties.

This methodological study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in Mashhad, Iran. To develop the item pool, qualitative data from directed content analysis and data from the review of adaptation and coping instruments were used. The face, content, construct validity, internal consistency, and stability were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of HAS.

The final version of the HAS consisted of 24 items with a reported content validity index of 0.9. Six factors were extracted from the principal component analysis, which explained 60.3 of the observed variance. Model fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model was well fitted. The values of the alpha coefficient and intra‑class coefficient were 0.86 and 0.95, respectively.

The HAS is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating the adaptation level of hysterectomized Iranian women. HAS can distinguish between hysterectomized women who have adapted to hysterectomy and those who have not. It can be used to assess the adaptation of hysterectomized women in research and clinical practice.

Psychological well-being is an important factor affecting career women’s job satisfaction and performance. Resilience predicts psychological well-being, acting as a catalyst for boosting psychological well-being. This systematic literature review explored the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being among career women.

Relevant papers were retrieved using Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. The inclusion criteria included research published between the years 2012 and 2021 to examine whether there is a relationship between resilience and psychological well-being, as well as the predictors of resilience and psychological well-being.

There was a favorable relationship between resilience and psychological well-being, with those having higher levels of resilience reporting greater psychological well-being. Resilience is believed to be one of the most essential variables in maintaining positive psychological well-being. Additionally, social and family support, work experience, marital status, education level, and self-esteem were found to predict resilience and psychological well-being.

Age, life experience, work experience, marital status, level of education, and self-efficacy are key predictors of resilience.

One of the major concerns of the healthcare system managers is the excessive increase in cesarean sections in Iran which led to the implementation of the physiological childbirth program. The promotion of physiological childbirth by the participation of husbands is facing barriers.

The present study aimed to explore the husbands’ viewpoints on the barriers against their participation in the physiological childbirth of the wives.

The present qualitative study was carried out with Granheim and Landman’s content analysis approach. A total of 13 husbands whose wives had physiological childbirth were purposively included in the study. The data were collected from the husbands through semi-structured and in-depth interviews and continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software (version 2020).

The participants’ age range was 25 - 50 years, and their level of education varied from diploma to doctorate. The data analysis resulted in 3 main categories and 12 subcategories, including sociocultural (i.e., uncommon husband’s presence, parturient’s shame, established female caregiving role, husband’s shyness, and scorn by others), structural (i.e., imperfect maternity ward physical structure, words and actions contradiction, and non-acceptance of the husband), and individual (i.e., occupational problems, lack of information, psychological unpreparedness, and fear of harming the mother and neonate) barriers.

According to husbands’ viewpoints, there are social, cultural, structural, and individual barriers to participating in the childbirth of their wives. Therefore, managers of healthcare services need to plan evidence-based measures to remove the husbands’ participation barriers against the physiological childbirth of their wives.

Non‑pharmacological interventions in clinical practice, such as Nature‑Based Sounds (N‑BS), can be an efficient way to reduce stress in patients with Myocardial Infarction (MI). This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of N‑BS on stress and physiological parameters in patients with MI.

This double‑blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients with MI from two selected hospitals. Using headphones, the subjects in the intervention group listened to 30 minutes of N‑BS twice a day for 3 days. The control group, on the other hand, wore headphones playing no sound. The data were collected using the Persian version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The repeated measure analysis showed that the within group effect is statistically significant for Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (F = 113.32, p </em>< 0.001), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (F = 67.22, p </em>< 0.001), Heart Rate (HR) (F = 28.52, p </em>< 0.001), respiration rate (F = 36.41, p </em>< 0.001), and stress (F = 102.82, p </em>< 0.001). The reciprocal effect was statistically significant for SBP (F = 11.76, p </em>< 0.001) and stress (F = 5.31, p </em>< 0.001).

N‑BS can provide an effective, inexpensive, and non‑invasive method of reducing stress in patients with MI. Nurses can incorporate N‑BS intervention into the daily care of patients with MI in order to reduce their stress and lower their SBP and HR.

The increasing prevalence of Noise-Induced Tinnitus (NIT) is considered one of the major occupational health threats these days. Despite the devastating effect of tinnitus on a subject’s performance, auditory functions and life quality, there is a lack of standard protocol for its diagnosis and management. Furthermore, the mechanisms of NIT are not clear yet. So, this review summarized data on NIT mechanisms as well as questionnaires, behavioral and physiologic assessment tools in NIT studies.

Based on the authors’ research, 27 eligible articles were included in this review. NIT was mainly bilateral with moderate severity with an overall prevalence ranging from 4% to 73.7%. Self-report questionnaires, tinnitus handicap inventory, auditory brainstem response, otoacoustic emissions and speech in noise tests were the most frequent NIT assessment methods in the reviewed studies. Our review highlights increased latencies in brainstem evoked potentials in tinnitus workers, but the knowledge gap about changes at subcortical and cortical levels remains.

This review suggests speech in noise test as a useful extension to routine tinnitus assessment by questionnaires among workers. Due to insufficient studies and inconsistent results in NIT subjects, more electrophysiological research is suggested in large and homogeneous samples.

Sexual dysfunction in women is a common disorder. Yet, there is no consensus on its treatment. Few studies have shown that Vitex agnus‑castus improves sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women; the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of V. agnus‑castus on the female sexual function in the reproductive age.

This was a double‑blinded randomized control clinical trial on the women of reproductive age referred to the gynecology clinic of Al‑Zahra Medical Center in Rasht, Iran, from February 2018 to December 2019. The intervention group received Agnugol tablet containing 3.2–4.8 mg dried extract V. agnus‑castus (51 participants) and the control group received a placebo tablet (51 participants). All participants received one tablet daily for 16 weeks. The participants were asked to complete the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire at the beginning of the study and after 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Data were analyzed in SPSS statistics (version 21) using Chi‑square test, t‑test, Mann–Whitney U‑test, analysis of variance, and mixed model to examine the differences between the groups.

The results showed that the difference between the two groups was not significant in each domain, but there was a significant difference in the overall sexual function mean score so that the intervention group had a higher score than the placebo group after 16 weeks (P < 0.05).

In the present study, it was observed that the consumption of V. agnus‑castus during 16 weeks was more effective than the placebo in improving sexual dysfunction. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to be able to decide on the prescription of this drug in the clinics.

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors such as sildenafil citrate and tadalafil are well known for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, their use in the presence of pulmonary hypertension can cause ophthalmologic side effects, including non-arteritic optic ischemic neuropathy, chorioretinopathy, glaucoma, and optic atrophy. The present review aimed to identify these visual side effects and provide recommendations. We identified articles published from January 2000 to March 2019 on diseases arising from the management of sexual dysfunction in urology or pulmonary hypertension in pneumonia that could cause pathologic alterations in eye structure based on a literature search of the MEDLINE electronic database using keywords for the most common adverse effects and different kinds of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. After applying the exclusion criteria, we selected 36 of the 77 articles initially identified to write the narrative review and added 20 additional articles to completely describe the pathological entities. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors can cause side effects in the eye including ocular surface abnormalities, increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma, uveitis, non-arteritic ischemic neuropathy, chorioretinopathy, retinal occlusion, and visual field changes. There is an increased need for well-performed studies to better understand these side effects, which are common due to the wide use of sildenafil.

This article explores the effects of attachment style and automatic thoughts on sexual dysfunction and marital commitment, using the path analysis model. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 375 married female students in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran, from 2016 to 2017.

According to Morgan and Jersey table and the statistical population (375 people), the number of samples was calculated as 180. Female sexual function index, marital commitment questionnaire, behavioral systems questionnaire, and sexual modes inventory were used for data collection. Then, the obtained data were analyzed with the path analysis.

The results indicated that: 1. secure and insecure attachment styles had no direct effects on the sexual dysfunction, although they were significantly related to the automatic thoughts; 2. secure and insecure attachment styles had a direct impact on the marital commitment; 3. automatic thoughts were a mediating variable; 4. automatic thoughts were positively related to the sexual dysfunction and negatively related to the marital commitment. Based on the findings of this research, the relationship between attachment styles and automatic thoughts were predictors of sexual dysfunction and marital commitment. 

Sexual function and commitment to marital relationships among couples can be increased by correcting automatic thoughts and providing necessary training about the attachment styles for parents.

Childbirth is a stressful event in every woman's life, leading to traumatic deliveries in half of the cases. This study aimed at describing mothers’ lived experiences which make them perceive their childbirth as traumatic. In this descriptive phenomenological study, based on the DSM-V-A criteria, 32 mothers who had perceptions of a traumatic event during their labor and delivery were explored through semi-structured interviews, and the collected data were analyzed using the Colaizzi’s method. Four main themes could be extracted from the experiences of the mothers. The first theme was sensational and emotional experiences followed by clinical experiences, legal experiences and human dignity, and environmental experiences. The sensational and emotional experiences included four main categories (anxiety, fear, sorrow, anger). The theme of clinical experiences included two main categories (avoidable and unavoidable childbirth complications). The theme of legal experiences and human dignity included two main categories (non-observance of the charter of patient rights, and non-observance of human rights). The theme of environmental experiences also included two main categories (lack of proper supervision and management). To prevent traumatic childbirth and its negative effects, different psychological aspects of childbirth need to be identified.

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk of impairment in multiple domains. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindful parenting training in reducing clinical symptoms in children with ADHD and parenting stress of their parents. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 2 groups (experimental and control) in 3 phases (pretest, posttest, and 8 weeks’ follow-up). Sixty children with ADHD, who had been referred by the child psychiatrist in the Iranian city of Kashan in the second half of the year 2016, were selected along with their mothers. The mothers were assigned to one of the 2 groups via permuted blocked randomization. The mothers completed the parenting stress index–short form (PSI–SF 36) and the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Parent and Teacher rating scale (SNAP-IV). All the children in both groups received pharmacotherapy with either risperidone or Ritalin. The intervention group received 8 sessions (1 session each week, each session lasting 90 minutes) of mindful parenting training based on the Kabat-Zinn protocol. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20, via the t test, χ2 test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and nonparametric Friedman test. This study showed a reduction in parenting stress, negative parent-child interactions, and children’s problematic characteristics in the mindful parenting training group compared with the control group in the posttest and follow-up. Our results also demonstrated a significant improvement in ADHD symptoms in the experimental group by comparison with the control group in the posttest and follow-up. Mindful parenting training was effective in reducing parenting stress and ADHD symptoms in our intervention group.

Cerebral angiography is a diagnostic procedure for cerebral disorders, particularly the disorders of cerebral blood vessels. However, as an invasive procedure, it can cause patients anxiety and physiological instability. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of multimedia education on anxiety and physiological status among patients with cerebral angiography. Methods & Materials: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted from October 2017 to January 2018 in the angiography unit of a university hospital in Tehran, Iran. Participants were 88 candidates for cerebral angiography who were randomly allocated either to an intervention (n = 44) or a control (n= 44) group. Patients in the intervention group were provided with at least thirty-minute multimedia education consisted of video-based education, verbal education, written materials (an educational booklet), and question and answer. Data on participants’ personal characteristics were collected before the intervention, while their state anxiety was assessed before multimedia education and after cerebral angiography via Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. Moreover, participants’ physiological parameters were measured and documented in a data sheet before and every two hours after angiography up to their discharge from the angiography unit. The independent-sample t, Chi-square, and McNemar’s tests and the Generalized Estimation Equation were used for data analysis. After the intervention, 95.5% of patients in the intervention group and 86.4% in the control group had low level of anxiety; however, the between-group difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, anxiety level changed significantly neither in the intervention (P > 0.05) nor in the control (P > 0.05) group. In addition, after adjusting the effects of participants’ age, there were no significant between-group differences respecting the means of systolic blood pressure, the means of body temperature, peripheral oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. However, the means of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group, irrespective of the effects of participants’ age. Multimedia education has no significant effects on state anxiety but has significant effects on diastolic blood pressure and heart rate among patients with cerebral angiography.