جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Prospective Studies » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »
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Background
This study investigates the effectiveness of mammographic screening for women aged 40 to 49 in Brazil's Steel Valley Region. Despite a Ministry of Health recommendation to start screenings at 50, 25% of breast cancer cases occur in the 40-49 age group.
MethodsThe retrospective analysis, spanning 2008-2019 at Marcio Cunha Hospital, compared two groups: cancer diagnosed via screening mammography (277) and diagnostic mammography (229).
ResultsThe results showed delayed diagnoses for non-screened women, with a 4.16 times higher mortality rate. Screening facilitated earlier detection of less malignant cancers (85.9% vs. 43.7%). Women diagnosed through screening were more likely to preserve their breasts (28.9% vs. 55.5% for Radical Breast Surgery and 71.1% vs. 28.9% for Breast-Sparing Surgery), and fewer axillary lymphadenectomies were performed. All statistical tests performed returned a P-value lower than 0.05, showing high statistical significance.
ConclusionThe findings support extending screening mammography access to all women over 40 in the Steel Valley region and underscore the need for broader-scale research in other areas. Recommendations include enhancing public awareness and establishing a breast cancer surveillance service.
Keywords: Mammography, Breast Cancer, Screening, Prospective Studies, Medical Records, Analysis} -
ObjectiveOne of the most important indicators used in the evaluation of emergency centers is the chronometric analysis of patients’ workflow. The aim of this study was to provide a chronometric analysis of patients’ workflow (patients’ waiting time in the emergency department) and related factors.MethodsThis hospital-based prospective cohort study was carried out in Khatam al-Anbia hospital in Shoushtar in 2020. Random sampling was used and patients referred to the emergency ward in three shifts based on the ESI 5-level triage system. The research tools were the emergency workflow chronometry form and a questionnaire of determining the factors related to the speed of emergency services and using a stopwatch. In order to analyse the data, Stata software version 16 and Weibull model of survival analysis were used.ResultsOf 468 participants, the most common cause of referral was trauma with 21.7%. The median ± interquartile range duration of giving the final result was 6.06 ± 4.48 hours, which was more than 0.54 times shorter in clients with level 3. There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of making the final decision based on the request for testing, manner of referring and the type of initial diagnosis (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe duration of service provision in the studied hospital is appropriate for an Iranian hospital, but it should be closer to international standards. At level 2 triage, patients stayed longer. This can be reduced by lessening the time of consultations which can help the emergency ward.Keywords: Workflow, Emergency Services, Hospital, Prospective Studies, Survival analysis, Weibull Distributio}
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سابقه و هدف
ارتقاء سطح سلامت دهان و دندان نیازمند عوامل گوناگون از جمله داشتن آگاهی و توانایی کافی در پیش بینی تهدیدات و بحرانهای احتمالی آینده در این حوزه می باشد.هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی ضرورت و نیاز به استفاده از آینده پژوهی در حوزه سلامت دهان و دندان بود
مواد و روش هامطالعه حاضر از نوع مروری بوده که در سال 1400 صورت گرفت.جهت دستیابی به مقالات، پایگاه های اطلاعاتی Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ovid, Scopus در محدوده 10 سال اخیر مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند که از میان آنها با توجه به معیارهای خروج و ورود و مباحث مطرح شده در هر مقاله، تعداد 16 مقاله مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافته هانتایج مطالعات نشان دادند که آینده پژوهی می بایست به عنوان ابزاری مهم در تمامی زمینه های عملکرد نظام سلامت مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و این مهم در سلامت دهان و دندان به طور چشمگیری مورد غفلت واقع شده است.
نتیجه گیریبا توجه به مرور اکثر مطالعات، درک متغیرها ، شناخت کاستی ها و تهدیدات پیش رو در جهت سیاستگذاری های مناسب در راستای هدف ارتقا و بهبود وضعیت سیستم سلامت بسیار مثمر ثمر می باشد. در این راستا اگرچه سیاستگذاری با رویکرد آینده نگری در سلامت صورت گرفته است، اما سلامت دهان و دندان جزء مواردی است که همچنان به آن پرداخته نشده است.
کلید واژگان: آینده پژوهی, سلامت دهان, سلامت دندان, سلامت, مطالعات آینده نگر, آینده نگاری}Background and AimImproving oral health requires a variety of factors, including sufficient awareness and ability to predict future threads and crises in this sector. The purpose of this study was to investigate the necessity of using future studies in oral health.
Material and MethodsThis review study was conducted in 2021. In order to access the articles, four databases consisting of “PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid & Scopus” were sought in the last 10 years. According to the topics, entry and exit criteria, 16 articles were selected and analyzed for the study.
ResultsThe results showed that “future studies” should be used as an important tool in almost all areas of the health system’s functions but this important tool has been significantly neglected in the oral health system.
ConclusionAccording to the most studies, in order to make appropriate policies for achieving the health improvement, cognition of variables, deficiencies and threats ahead are essential. In this regard, although policy-making has been done with a foresight and futurism approach, but oral health is one of the issues which has been missing.
Keywords: Future Studies, Health, Oral Health, Dental Health, Prospective Studies, Futurology} -
Background
Despite the health benefits of smoking cessation on patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), some resume smoking even after their discharge from hospital with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the predictors of smoking resumption after ACS in western Iran.
Patients and MethodsThis prospective cohort study was performed on 175 patients admitted to the Imam Ali Cardiovascular Center, Kermanshah, Iran, with a diagnosis of ACS from January 2018 to December 2018. Data were collected by a trained interviewer using a checklist developed based on the study objectives. Differences between groups were evaluated by independent t-test, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests. The relationship between smoking resumption and predicting variables was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models (Forward LR).
ResultsAll participants were male with a mean age of 56.30 ± 8.91 (mean ± SD) years. Three months post-discharge, 137 (78.3%) patients quit smoking, and 38 (21.7%) patients resumed it. The patients who resumed smoking were more likely to be divorced (20.6% vs. 0.7%), unemployed or retired (73.7% vs. 63.5%), have smokers in household (86.8% vs. 50.4%), and have history of depression (52.7% vs. 20.4%) (P-values < 0.05). The independent predictors of smoking resumption were divorce (OR 4.2, 95% CI: 1.31 - 19.01), having smokers in household (OR 12.08, 95% CI: 3.45 - 40.81), and history of depression (OR 12.16, 95% CI: 3.68 - 39.04).
ConclusionsDivorce, having smokers in household, and history of depression were identified as the independent predictors of smoking resumption in ACS patients. Those who have these characteristics should be viewed as having a high risk of smoking relapse and be provided with more support to quit smoking.
Keywords: Iran, Prospective Studies, Smoking Cessation, ACS, Acute Coronary Syndromes} -
Introduction
The outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are highly affected by time-to-treatment. Thepresent study aimed to determine the factors affecting in-hospital and pre-hospital delays in treatmentof AIS.
MethodsThis prospective study was carried out on 204 AIS patients referring to the stroke care unit in Zanjan(Iran) in 2019. The required data were collected by interviewing the patients and families and using patients’records and observations.
ResultsThe maximum delay was related to onset-to-arrival time (288.19 ± 339.02minutes). The logistic regression analysis indicated a statistically significant decline in the treatment delay viaconsultation after the initiation of symptoms (p< 0.001), transferring the patient through emergency medicalservice to the hospital (p<0.001), and patients’ perception regarding AIS symptoms (P< 0.001).
ConclusionIt isessential to inform people regarding AIS symptoms and referring to AIS treatment units to reduce the treatmenttime.
Keywords: Ischemic stroke, Time-to-Treatment, Prospective studies, Iran} -
زمینه و هدف
زایمان سزارین در دهه های گذشته افزایش چشمگیری داشته است؛ که ازنظر بالینی قابل توجیه نیست. این مطالعه باهدف بررسی ارتباط عوامل پزشکی و غیرپزشکی در دوران بارداری با انجام زایمان سزارین انجام شد.
مواد و روش ها:
مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه هم گروهی است که بر روی 200 نفر از مادران باردار انجام شد. مواجهه اصلی در این مطالعه دلایل پزشکی انجام سزارین و پیامد اصلی زایمان سزارین بود. شاخص خطر نسبی با استفاده از مدل رگرسیونی کاکس محاسبه شد.
نتایجاز 196 زن باردار باقی مانده در مطالعه، 31/40 درصد زایمان سزارین انجام دادند. خطر انجام زایمان سزارین برای مادرانی که در دوران بارداری دارای مشکلات پزشکی بودند و به توصیه پزشک، زایمان سزارین انجام داده بودند؛ 64/4 برابر مادران بدون مشکلات پزشکی بود. همچنین خطر انجام زایمان سزارین انتخابی برای این گروه از مادران نسبت به سایر مادران بالاتر بود (خطر نسبی= 34/2). خطر انجام زایمان سزارین برای مادران دارای سابقه زایمان سخت و سقط قبلی، 11/2 برابر مادران دیگر، به دست آمد. علاوه بر این خطر انجام زایمان سزارین انتخابی برای مادران دارای سابقه زایمان سخت و سقط قبلی، 25/3 برابر مادران بدون سابقه زایمان سخت و سقط قبلی بود. از طرف دیگر اختلال روان در دوران بارداری فقط با زایمان سزارین به صورت کلی ارتباط معنادار داشت.
نتیجه گیری:
مطابق نتایج این مطالعه، بین مشکلات پزشکی در دوران بارداری با نوع زایمان ارتباط معناداری وجود دارد. مشکلات پزشکی قابل پیشگیری یا قابل کنترل مادر در دوران بارداری نیاز به توجه بیشتر دارد.
کلید واژگان: سزارین و زایمان طبیعی, عوامل پزشکی و زایمان سزارین}Background & ObjectivesCesarean section rates have increased significantly over the past decade. This increase has not been clinically justified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of medical factors on the type of delivery.
Materials & MethodsThis prospective cohort study was done on 200 pregnant mothers. The main exposure in this study was the medical reasons for cesarean section and the main outcome of cesarean delivery. The relative risk index was calculated using the Cox regression model.
ResultsOf the 196 pregnant women remained in the study, 40.31% had Cesarean section. Compared to non-medical factors, the risk of Cesarean section was higher (Relative Risk = 4.64) in mothers with medical factors. Also, the risk of elective Cesarean section was higher in mothers with medical factors (Relative Risk = 2.34). On the other hand, the risk of Cesarean section and elective Cesarean section was and higher in mothers with previous abortion (Relative Risk = 2.11) and hard labor (Relative Risk = 3.25), respectively. However, there was a significant relationship between maternal mental disorder during pregnancy and Cesarean section delivery (Relative Risk = 1.49).
ConclusionBased on these results, there is an association between medical factors and type of delivery. Therefore, maternal preventable or controllable medical problems during pregnancy requires more attention.
Keywords: Vaginal delivery, Cesarean Section, Medical Factors, Prospective Studies} -
Background
Due to the controversial effects of mental health disorders during pregnancy on infant health, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of gestational depression, stress, and anxiety on the growth of offspring at six months of age in disadvantaged communities in South of Iran.
MethodsThe sample comprised of 470 pregnant women (response rate=98%) who are participated in the Bandar Abbas Pregnancy Cohort study. Maternal mental health was measured by the DASS-21 questionnaire during pregnancy. Data on infant growth was collected based on infant`s growth chart at six months of age. The relative risk of suboptimal infant growth was calculated by Modified Poisson regression models at 5% significant level.
ResultsThe prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 19.0%, 26.1% and 6.5%, respectively. At six months of age, the mean (SD) of infant`s weight (gram), height (cm) and head circumference (cm) were 7287.30 (1019.85), 63.23 (5.62) and 41.39 (2.70), respectively. Compared to normal mothers, the risk of suboptimal weight at six months of age significantly increased by 71% in mothers who were classified as having depression (Adjusted RR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.09). The presence of anxiety significantly increased the risk of suboptimal height at six months of age by 43% (ARR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.92). There were no statistically significant effects of either depression anxiety or stress on the suboptimal head circumference at six months of age.
ConclusionOur results showed that mental health disorders of pregnant women might adversely influence the weight and height growth of offspring within the first six months of age. Screening protocols to early diagnose of mental health disorders during pregnancy, and to strict follow up of diagnosed cases postpartum are proposed.
Keywords: Depressive disorders, Growth chart, Prospective studies, Community-participatory research} -
Background
The effect of maternal mental health during pregnancy on Cesarean section through implications of pre- and postnatal birth have narrowly been investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of maternal mental health during pregnancy on the type of delivery in the suburbs of Bandar Abbas.
MethodsThis study used data of 200 mothers registered in a prospective cohort study on pregnant women in the suburbs of Bandar Abbas, South of Iran, during 2016-18. The presence of depression, anxiety, or stress in expecting mothers were measured by DASS-21 questionnaire and the outcome defined as having Cesarean section (Cesarean section) was measured at postpartum. The relative risk (95% CI) was calculated using Cox regression models. All analyses were performed using STATA statistical package, with a significance level of 5%.
ResultsInformation of 196 mothers were collected (98% response rate); the mean age of the participants was 27.28 (±5.62) years. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 13.8% (27), 40.4% (40), and 7.6% (15), respectively. Nearly 40% of mothers went through Cesarean section. Compared to mothers with good mental health, the risk of Cesarean section was 96% higher in depressed mothers (RR=2, 95% CI: 1.43–2.74) (p=0.001), 81% higher in anxious mothers (RR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.29-2.53) (p=0.003), and 75% higher in stressed mothers (RR=1.75, 95% CI: 0.86-3.56) (p=0.121).
ConclusionThe findings of this study showed that poor mental health, especially anxiety and depression, during pregnancy could increase the risk of Cesarean section. Accordingly, screening protocols for mental health status and prenatal counseling sessions are suggested for pregnant mothers to increase their informed decision on types of delivery.
Keywords: Mental health, Cesarean section, Prospective studies, Cohort studies} -
مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، سال هفتاد و چهارم شماره 10 (پیاپی 190، دی 1395)، صص 706 -714زمینه و هدفآرتریت روماتویید بیماری مزمن التهابی است که در صورت درمان نشدن، به ناتوانی شدید و مرگ زودرس منجر می شود. به همین سبب، در سال 2010، معیارهای جدیدی برای تشخیص هرچه سریع تر بیماری معرفی شد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه معیارهای 1987 ACR (American College of Rheumatology) با معیارهای 2010 ACR/EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism) برای تشخیص بیماری آرتریت روماتویید صورت گرفته است.روش بررسیاین مطالعه به روش کوهورت در بیماران مبتلا به آرتریت زودرس، به صورت پیگیری هر دو ماه یک بار به مدت یک سال در (1391) برای بیماران مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان حضرت رسول اکرم (ص) تهران انجام شد. معیارهای ورود به مطالعه سن بالای 18 سال و نداشتن تشخیص خاص جهت آرتریت بیمار در ابتدای مطالعه بود. سپس معیارهای تشخیصی قدیم و جدید در بیماران بررسی شده و حساسیت، ویژگی و ارزش اخباری مثبت و منفی هر دو معیار معین شد.یافته هااین مطالعه بر 104 بیمار مبتلا به آرتریت زودرس، شامل 76 زن (1/%73) و 28 مرد (9/%26) با متوسط سنی 2/44+7/13 سال انجام شد. از این تعداد، در پایان یک سال پیگیری، 82 نفر مبتلا به آرتریت روماتویید شناخته شدند و 22 نفر آرتریت روماتویید نداشتند. از نظر تعداد آرتریت مفاصل کوچک و بزرگ در بیماران با تشخیص آرتریت روماتویید و غیرآرتریت روماتویید تفاوت معنادار بود (0001/0P=). حساسیت، ویژگی و ارزش اخباری مثبت و منفی معیارهای جدید 2010 ACR-EULAR، به ترتیب 65%، 40%، 81% و 23% بود. حساسیت، ویژگی و ارزش اخباری مثبت و منفی معیارهای قدیمی 1987 ACR، به ترتیب، 51%، 62%، 83%، 25% بود.نتیجه گیریمعیارهای جدید تشخیص آرتریت روماتویید، نسبت به معیارهای قدیمی، حساسیت بیشتر و ویژگی کمتری دارند.کلید واژگان: 1987 ACR, 2010 ACR, EULAR, آرتریت روماتویید}BackgroundRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease presenting with inflammation, tenderness and destruction of the synovial joints, resulting in severe disability and early death due to complication of disease. Previous diagnostic criteria are not useful for identifying patients who need early treatment. Thus, new diagnostic criteria for faster diagnosis of disease are introduced in 2010. The aim of this study was to compared 1987 ACR (American College of Rheumatology) criteria and 2010 ACR/EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism) classification criteria for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsIn this Cohort prospective study, patients with early arthritis were evaluated according to the old and new diagnostic criteria and followed-up every two monthly for one year (2012-2013) in Hazrat-e Rasool University Hospital, Tehran. Inclusion criteria of this study were age more than 18 year and indefinite diagnosis of arthritis. For all of patients physical examination by expert rheumatologist was done and lab data include erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (Anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor was requested. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were then determined for each diagnostic criteria.ResultsIn this study 104 patients including 28 males (26.9%) and 76 females (73.1%) with the mean age of 44.2±13.7 years were included. At the end of one year follow-up, 82 were diagnosed to have RA while other 22 patients were not categorized as RA. Sensitivity for ESR, CRP, Anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor in 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria was 52%, 19%, 48%, 28% and specificity for them was 45%, 71%, 27%, 79% respectively. Number of small and large joint arthritis were more in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) rather than other arthritis (P=0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity for small joints involvement was 87% and 54% and for large joints involvement was 81% and 59%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria were 65%, 40%, 81%, and 23%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for 1987 ACR criteria were 51%, 62%, 83%, and 25% respectively.ConclusionIn comparison to the old diagnostic criteria, the new one has higher sensitivity and lower specificity.Keywords: diagnosis, early diagnosis, prospective studies, rheumatoid factor, rheumatoid arthritis, severity of illness index}
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ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of immediate and delayed rehabilitation of edentulous jaws by means of two straight and two tilted implants after one year of function.Materials And MethodsThirty consecutive patients (16 males, 14 females) were enrolled in this study. Two anterior straight and two posterior tilted implants were placed in each patient. According to the implant insertion torque and the need for bone grafting, implants were loaded immediately (at 72 hours) or delayed (after four months) using a fixed metal resin prosthesis.ResultsOne axial implant failed in the delayed group after one year of loading, resulting in cumulative implant survival rate of 99.3%. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.84mm. No significant difference was found between axial and tilted implants in the two groups (P>0.05)ConclusionsBased on the results, immediate or delayed fabrication of final prosthesis on two tilted and two axial implants did not result in significant differences in survival rates or marginal bone loss.Keywords: Dental Implants, Immediate Dental Implant Loading, Prospective Studies}
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Urology Journal, Volume:13 Issue: 4, Jul-Aug 2016, PP 2759 -2764PurposeTo evaluate the utility and safety of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) in comparison with conventional laparoscopic (CL) surgery for the treatment of upper urinary tract stones.
Material andMethodsBetween June 2011 and May 2012, 20 patients with upper urinary tract stones were included in this prospective randomized study. The patients were assigned into the LESS group or CL group in a one-on-one manner using a random table. The clinical parameters were evaluated in the immediate postoperative period, and the stone clearance rate was evaluated via non-contrast computer tomography at one month postoperatively.ResultsThere were no significant differences in patient demographics or preoperative stone sizes between the two groups. The perioperative parameters, including operative time, estimated blood loss, postoperative pain scores, length of hospital stay, and changes in renal function, were comparable. No transfusions or open conversions were required in either group. The incidence of residual stones was lower in the LESS group (1 case) than in the CL group (2 cases). However, this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsFor large and impacted upper ureteral stones, the effectiveness and safety of LESS were equivalent to those of CL. Further randomized control trials with larger sample sizes are needed to strengthen the conclusions of this study.Keywords: Urinary Calculi, Ureteral calculi, Kidney calculi, Laparoscopy, Prospective studies} -
مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، سال هفتاد و چهارم شماره 5 (پیاپی 185، امرداد 1395)، صص 350 -357زمینه و هدفدیسپلازی تکاملی مفصل هیپ (Developmental dysplasia of the hip، DDH) طیفی از اختلالات وابسته به تکامل غیرطبیعی هیپ را در برمی گیرد که ممکن است در هر زمانی (دوره جنینی، شیرخوارگی و یا کودکی) نمایان گردد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی نتایج بالینی و رادیوگرافی بیماران مبتلا به دیسپلازی تکاملی هیپ پس از درمان با جااندازی باز، کپسولورافی و استئوتومی به روش پمبرتون می باشد.روش بررسیمطالعه به صورت آینده نگر بر روی 13 کودک مبتلا به دیسپلازی تکاملی هیپ در بیمارستان رازی اهواز در سال های 93-1391 انجام شد. معیارهای ورود شامل محدوده سنی 18 ماه تا هشت سال و شاخص استابولار بالاتر یا مساوی 40 درجه بودند. معیارهای خروج شامل بیماری های بافت همبند، دررفتگی ثانویه به علت عفونت پیشین و دیسپلازی استابولوم در زمینه سندرم خاص بودند. بیماران پیش از جراحی و حداقل یک سال پس از عمل به لحاظ بالینی، میزان Dislocation یا Subluxation مفصل هیپ، Congruity مفصل هیپ و یافته های رادیوگرافی به ترتیب بر اساس معیارهای McKay، Tonnis grading، Severin و شاخص استابولار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.یافته هاشاخص استابولار پس از عمل کاهش معناداری در مقایسه با پیش از عمل داشت (002/0P=). بر اساس تقسیم بندی Tonnis grading، پس از عمل 6/91% بیماران در کلاس I-II قرار داشتند. بر اساس معیار ارزیابی McKay، 6/%66 بیماران نتایج عالی و خوب را پس از عمل نشان دادند. در بررسی یافته های رادیوگرافی پس از عمل بر اساس معیار Severin، 2/%83 بیماران در کلاس I-III قرار گرفتند. معیارهای ارزیابی Tonnis grading، McKay و Severin بهبود چشمگیری از نظر آماری را در بیماران نسبت به پیش از عمل نشان دادند.نتیجه گیریاستئوتومی پمبرتون می تواند یک روش موثر در درمان بیماران مبتلا به دیسپلازی تکاملی هیپ باشد که در سنین بالا و با تاخیر مراجعه می کنند و می تواند همراه با سایر روش های جراحی انجام شود.کلید واژگان: مطالعات آینده نگر, دیسپلازی تکاملی هیپ, استئوتومی, کودک}BackgroundAcetabular dysplasia is a well-known cause of early osteoarthritis of hip which may appear at any time (perinatal, breast-feeding and childhood). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of children with de-velopmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) after undergoing open reduction, capsulorrhaphy and Pemberton osteotomy procedures.MethodsThis study prospectively conducted on 13 patients with DDH who attended to Razi Hospital at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences at Ahvaz, Iran, from April 2012 to March 2015. Inclusion criteria were children with age range of 18 months to 8 years and acetabular index≥ 40 degree. Exclusion criteria were the age less than 18 months or above 8 years, connective tissue diseases, secondary dislocation due to previous infection, and acetabular dysplasia with specific syndrome. All patients were evaluated before surgery and at least one year after surgery in terms of clinical evaluations, dislocation or subluxation of hip, congruity of hip and radiological out-comes according to grading systems of McKay, Tonnis grading system, Severin classi-fication and acetabular index, respectively. All patients underwent open reduction, capsulorrhaphy, and Pembertons osteotomy in single-stage surgery and if necessary femoral shortening was performed.ResultsTen patients (12 hips) were evaluated. Of those, 4 patients (40%) had right hip involvement. The mean age score was 38.92±12.37 months (range: 24-65 months). Acetabular index showed significant reduction after surgery in compare to before sur-gery (P= 0.002). According to Tonnis grading, 91.6% of cases were in I-II classes. Moreover, 66.6% of cases at clinical examinations of McKay criteria had excellent and good results after surgery. According to Severin radiographic findings criteria, 83.2% of cases were in I-III classes after surgery. There was statistically significant improvement in patients according to different grading systems.ConclusionIn conclusion, Pemberton osteotomy could be an effective procedure and also in conjunction with other surgical procedures for the treatment of patients with DDH who presented in higher age and late.Keywords: child, developmental dysplasia of hip, osteotomy, prospective studies}
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Urology Journal, Volume:13 Issue: 3, May-Jun 2016, PP 2666 -2671PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of silodosin in the medical expulsive therapy for symptomatic distal ureteral stones.Materials And MethodsThis prospectively randomized controlled trial was carried out from May 2011 to December 2014. In all, 198 patients with radiopaque distal ureteral stonesResultsThe final analysis was conducted with 61 control and 62 silodosin patients as the denominator in each randomization arm. The average expulsion times were 6.31 ± 2.13 days for the silodosin group and 9.73 ± 2.76 days for the control group (PConclusionTreatment with silodosin proved to be safe and effective, as demonstrated by the increased stone expulsion rate, the reduced expulsion time, and the reduced analgesics consumption.Keywords: adrenergic alpha, 1 receptor antagonists, dose, response relationship, drug, follow, up studies, prospective studies, treatment outcome, ureteral calculi, drug therapy}
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Urology Journal, Volume:13 Issue: 3, May-Jun 2016, PP 2684 -2689PurposeThis study was conducted to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) change in patients with localized prostate cancer after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and examine the efficacy of anticholinergic drugs to treat patients suffering from storage symptoms.Materials And MethodsAmong 50 patients who underwent RRP for prostate cancer, 40 who did not undergo additional treatment that might affect their urination pattern were included in the analysis. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) score, and uroflowmetry were analyzed prior to RRP and 12 months after RRP. Twelve months after RRP, patients desiring improvement of storage symptoms were administered anticholinergic drugs for 6 months; the effects of such treatments were analyzed 3 and 6 months later.ResultsPreoperatively and at 12 months after surgery, the mean IPSS for patients were 10.9 ± 6.7 and 9.2 ± 5.7, respectively. The mean IPSS for patients desiring improvement of storage symptoms before and after administration of medication were 9.7 ± 5.9 and 9.0 ± 4.4, respectively. In particular, the mean storage symptom composites improved significantly after administration of medication. There were no statistically significant differences in frequency between baseline and 3-month, but frequency was improved significantly after 6 months. Urgency and nocturia were improved significantly after 3 months.ConclusionIn patients undergoing RRP, urinary symptoms change over time, with worsening storage symptoms. Our results suggest that, in patients who had discomfort with storage symptoms after RRP, anticholinergic drugs significantly improved symptoms and QoL.Keywords: lower urinary tract symptoms, etiology, prospective studies, prostatectomy, methods, postoperative complications, prostatic neoplasms, surgery, quality of life, urination disorders, drug therapy}
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Urology Journal, Volume:13 Issue: 1, Jan-Feb 2016, PP 2471 -2478PurposeWith decreased physical activity, growing sedentary lifestyle, and high fat diet, obesity has become a pandemic disease all over the world. In this review, we aim to assess the effect of obesity on prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy. (PNL) outcomes.Materials And MethodsWe performed a comprehensive review of the published articles in PubMed®, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane database from January 1, 2004 through June 31, 2015, using the key words; body mass index, obesity, morbid obesity, super obese, urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and percutaneous lithotripsy. Original research articles published in English language with accessibility to the full text article were analyzed for our review.ResultsAt the end of the evaluation, we found 12 articles in English language, analyzing the effect of obesity on prone PNL outcomes. Except one study, eleven studies were evaluated in this review had a retrospective nature without randomization. Stone free status of patients was in a wide range between 49% 90% in obese patients and 41%-90% in morbid obese patients.ConclusionPNL is a safe and effective treatment modality for renal stone(s) in obese and morbid obese patients. However, effect of body mass index on PNL outcomes including operation time, fluoroscopy screening time, hospitalization time, complications and stone free status are still debatable.Keywords: kidney calculi, complications, surgery, length of stay, nephrostomy, percutaneous, adverse effects, obesity, morbid, operative time, overweight, prospective studies}
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مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، سال هفتاد و سوم شماره 10 (پیاپی 178، دی 1394)، صص 700 -708زمینه و هدفهدف از این مطالعه بررسی میزان تطابق یافته های حاصل از MRI پس از کمورادیاسیون در کانسر موضعی پیشرفته رکتوم با یافته های حاصل از بررسی بافت شناسی نمونه جراحی است.روش بررسیدر این بررسی آینده نگر 63 بیمار مبتلا به کانسر موضعی پیشرفته رکتوم که از مهر 1390 تا مهر 1392به انستیتو کانسر بیمارستان امام خمینی (ره) ارجاع شده بودند، پس از دریافت رضایت نامه کتبی تحت کمورادیاسیون نئواجونت قرار گرفتند. پیش از درمان کمورادیاسیون مرحله بندی (Staging) تومور (T) و لنف نود (N) توسط یک رادیولوژیست مجرب بر اساس تصاویر MRI انجام شد و پس از کمورادیاسیون به بیماران توصیه شد بار دیگر MRI را انجام دهند. سپس بیماران تحت عمل جراحی قرار گرفتند. یافته های MRI پس از کمورادیاسیون با یافته های حاصل از بررسی آسیب شناسی پس از جراحی توسط رادیولوژیست مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. کاهش مرحله سرطان به شکل حداقل یک مرحله کاهش در T یا N در پاتولوژی پس از عمل نسبت به MRI پیش از عمل به شرط عدم پیشرفت تومور تعریف شد.یافته هادر این بررسی 32 نفر از بیماران دچار کاهش مرحله تومور و 36 نفر دچار کاهش مرحله لنف نود شدند.نتیجه گیریبا مقایسه تصاویر MRI پس از کمورادیاسیون و گزارش پاتولوژی پس از جراحی دقت MRI در مرحله بندی تومور رکتوم پس از انجام کمورادیاسیون 5/55% بوده است. از مورفولوژی لنف نود برای تشخیص درگیری آن استفاده شده و دقت MRI در تشخیص آن 8/42% بوده است. دقت MRI در هر دو مورد تا حدودی کمتر از مطالعات پیشین بود.
کلید واژگان: مطالعه آینده نگر, پاتولوژی, مرحله بندی تومور, گرید تومور, کانسر رکتوم, MRI, کمورادیاسیون}BackgroundThis study investigated compatibility between post chemoradiation magnetic resonance images and histologic findings after operation and chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.MethodsIn this prospective study, 63 patients referred to Cancer Institute of Emam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from October 2011 to October 2013 with locally advanced rectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation (50.4 Gy external beam radiation with concomitant capecitabine 825 mg/m2 PO twice a day with or without 60 mg/m2 oxaliplatin weekly). Patients had an MRI before chemoradiation and MRI assessment were used to identify Tumor (T) and lymph node (N) staging by an experienced radiologist. Patients were recommended to repeat MRI after surgery but it was not obligatory. Findings of post chemoradiation MRI and histopathologic reports were compared. Downstaging was defined as at least one stage decrease in T or N in histopathologic report comparing to their first MRI, on condition of no sign of disease progression.Results32 patients (50.79%) had T downstaging and 36 of them (57.14%) showed N downstaging: none had disease progression. In this study MRI had an accuracy of 55.5% for rectal tumor (T) restaging after chemoradiation comparing to pathology. MRI sensitivity for T restaging was 33.3% to 83.3%. There was a higher possibility to have errors in restaging of T1-2 stages. Specificity of MRI for T restaging was higher than its sensitivity, 66.6%. In this study lymph node involvement (N) was determined according to morphology and size. MRI has an accuracy of 42.8% for detecting lymph node involvement. Its sensitivity and specificity for N restaging were 50% and 66.6% respectively. All patients had MRI before chemoradiation, although 21 of them repeated MRI after chemoradiation since it was not mandatory. 19 of these 21 patients underwent surgery.ConclusionAlthough MRI is a suitable imaging for staging locally advanced rectal cancer its use for restaging after chemoradiation is under question. According to this study, MRI accuracy rates for both T and N restaging were below the rates of previous studies.Keywords: chemoradiotherapy, magnetic resonance imaging, neoplasm grading, neoplasm staging, pathology, prospective studies, rectal neoplasms} -
Urology Journal, Volume:12 Issue: 6, Non-Dec 2015, PP 2452 -2456PurposeTransurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is considered gold standard for surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we aimed to compare post-operative clinical outcomes and adverse effects between monopolar and bipolar TURPs.Materials And MethodsThe study included 590 patients who underwent TURP by a single urologist (E.H.) between June 2006 and June 2014 with a diagnosis of BPH. Patients were divided into two groups as monopolar TURP (group 1, n = 300) and bipolar TURP (group 2, n = 290). Patients receiving oral anticoagulants or aspirin and those with prostate cancer diagnosis were not included in the study. Data regarding pre-operative age, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post voiding residual urine volume (PVR), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and prostate volume (Vp) of the patients were gathered from medical records. Groups were compared in terms of catheterization, operation time, hemoglobin (Hb) decrease, and IPSS, Qmax, and PVR values at post-operative 12th month follow-up visit.ResultsFrom pre-operative to post-operative period, IPSS, Qmax and PVR showed significant improvements within both groups (P <. 001). When groups were compared with each other, bipolar TURP group had significantly lesser catheterization time and hemoglobin decrease than monopolar TURP group, while no significant differences were detected regarding all other variables.ConclusionBipolar and monopolar TURPs are both effective and safe treatment modality for BPH. Bipolar TURP is superior to conventional monopolar TURP in terms of catheterization time and Hb decrease.Keywords: prostatic hyperplasia, surgery, prospective studies, transurethral resection of prostate, methods, electrosurgery, adverse effects, hot temperature, electrocoagulation, instrumentation}
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Urology Journal, Volume:12 Issue: 6, Non-Dec 2015, PP 2417 -2421PurposeTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of bladder hydrodistention and intravesical sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC).Materials And MethodsTwenty-one patients with IC received intravesical sodium hyaluronate therapy under nerve block or intravenous anesthesia. Bladders were perfused with 100 cmH2O perfusion pressure and expanded for 10 min and were later injected with 40 mg/50 mL sodium hyaluronate through the catheter. After 1 h, the perfusion fluid was released. Perfusion was applied once per week, 4 to 6 times as a course of treatment.ResultsUnder anesthesia, the average bladder capacity was 191.62 ± 88.67 mL, and after bladder expansion, the bladder capacity reached 425.33 ± 79.83 mL (P =. 000). There were 2 suspected bladder ruptures after bladder expansion at 6.5 min and 7.2 min. After 10 min of bladder expansion, there were 19 cases of significantly gross hematuria. After treatment, the catheters of 17 patients were removed at 24 h; for the 2 cases of hematuria, catheters were removed at 72 h and for the 2 cases of suspected bladder rupture, catheters were removed after 4 days. After catheter removal, the pain threshold significantly decreased, and the maximum urinary output increased slightly. Compared with values before treatment, the day before the second injection of sodium hyaluronate, the frequency of urination decreased significantly (32.8 vs. 18.5 times/24 h), the maximum urinary output increased significantly (86.7 vs. 151.9 mL), the pain decreased significantly (8.7 vs. 3.0), and the OLeary-Sant IC score and quality of life score were significantly decreased (30.0 vs. 17.0 and 5.9 vs. 2.4, respectively) (P =. 000).ConclusionBladder hydrodistention under anesthesia for patients with severe intractable IC produces immediate effectiveness; sodium hyaluronic infusion can alleviate frequent urination and pain, and the efficacy was positively correlated with the duration of treatment.Keywords: anesthesia, cystitis, interstitial, therapy, female, prospective studies, urinary bladder, dilatation, methods, treatment outcome, lower urinary tract symptoms, etiology}
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هدفپروپوفول یکی از شایعترین داروهایی است که در طی القای بیهوشی مورد استفاده قرارمیگیرد ودرد ناشی از تزریق وریدی پروپوفول از مهمترین عوارض این دارو محسوب می گردد. لذا داروها و روش های بسیاری به منظور کاهش این عارضه مورد بررسی قرارگرفته اند.در این مطالعه اثر دارو های آلفنتانیل،سولفات منیزیم و کتامین در کاهش درد ناشی از تزریق وریدی داروی پروپوفول مورد مقایسه قرار گرفته است.مواد و روش هامطالعه حاضر به صورت مقطعی مقایسه ای بر روی 220 بیمار تحت اعمال جراحی ارتوپدی در بیمارستان پورسنای رشت انجام گردیده است. میزان شدت درد به دنبال تزریق وریدی پروپوفول پس از استفاده از پیش داروهای مورد مطالعه با استفاده از معیار نمره دهی درد (VAS) مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفت. یافته ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS v16 و تحت آزمون های Chi square، ANOVA و PostHoc تحت تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفت.یافته هامشخصات جمعیتی در چهارگروه تفاوت معنی داری با هم نداشت. پس از بررسی داده ها و با استفاده از آزمون آماری آنالیز واریانس(ANOVA)مشخص گردید که تفاوت معنی داری بین میزان VAS پس از تزریق پروپوفول در گروه های مورد مطالعه دیده می شود. (0001/ 0> p) با استفاده از آزمون تعقیبی PostHoc (Tukey) مشخص گردیدکه مقدار درد در گروه سرم نمکی با دیگر گروه ها دارای اختلاف آماری معنی داری بوده است (0001/ 0> p) ودیگر گروه هابا یکدیگر تفاوت آماری معنی دار نداشتند.نتیجه گیریبه نظر می رسد علی رغم کاهش درد ناشی از تزریق پروپوفول توسط سه پیش دارو های مورد مطالعه،ارجحیتی برای هیچ کدام از آنان نمی توان در نظرگرفت.
PurposePropofol is one of the most common drugs used in anesthesia induction and the pain during its intravenous injection is one of the most important side effectsthat it has. Therefore, many methods and drugs have been examined so far to reduce or eliminate this side effect. In this study a lot the effects of Alfentanil, Magnesium Sulfate and Ketamine drugs on reducing the pain during intravenous injection of Propofol are investigated.Materials And MethodsThis study was performed on 220 patients who underwent orthopedic surgeries in Poursina hospital in 2010. The intensity of Propofol intravenous injection pain is measured after using premedication by Visula Analogue Scale (VAS). The results are analyzed using Chi square and Post hoc tests.ResultsAccording to the gathered data and analysis of variance statistic tests, we found that after Propofol injection there is a meaningful difference in quantity of VAS score among the studied groups (Chi square = 49.78 and df = 3 and P =. 0001). According to Post hoc test the VAS score in Magnesium Sulfate group has a meaningful difference in comparison to other groups, while there is no meaningful difference among other groups (P =. 05).ConclusionDespite the reduction the Propofol intravenous injection pain in three studied drugs in this thesis, there is no preference among them.Keywords: analgesics, non, narcotic, therapeutic use, anesthetics, intravenous, adverse effects, pain, pain management, methods, propofol, administration, dosage, adverse effects, prospective studies} -
IntroductionSignal intensity uniformity in a magnetic resonance (MR) image indicates how well the MR imaging (MRI) system represents an object. One of the major sources of image non-uniformity in high-field MRI scanners is inhomogeneity of radio-frequency coil. The aim of this study was to investigate non-uniformity in head, head and neck, and body coils and compare the obtained results to determine the best clinical coil for future clinical application.Materials And MethodsA phantom was designed to investigate the non-uniformity of coils. All evaluations were carried out using a 1.5 T clinical MRI scanner. T1-weighted inversion recovery sequence (linear phase encoding) and turbo fast low angle shot (TurboFLASH) images were used to find non-uniformity in the clinical coils. For testing the uniformity of coils, signal intensity profiles in parts of the coronal image of phantom were measured over X and Y axes.ResultsThe results showed that body coil was the most uniform coil of all; in addition, the head and neck coil was more uniform than the head coil. The results also indicated that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the head and neck coil was higher than the head and body coils. Moreover, SNR of the head coil was higher than that of the body coil.ConclusionIn order to accurately find or apply an image signal intensity for measuring organ blood flow or perfusion, coil non-uniformity corrections are required.Keywords: Coil, MRI, Prospective Studies, Signal, To, Noise Ratio}
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