جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Reproductive system » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between follicular fluid Bisphenol A (BPA) concentrationswith alterations in the expressions of NOTCH1-3, CASPASE 3/7, HLA-G, and ICAM-1 genes and the number ofretrieved mature oocytes (MII oocyte) in the cumulus cells of infertile poor ovarian response stimulates women.In this prospective cohort study, 80 infertile unexpected poor ovarian response (POR) subjectswere selected on the basis of subgroup 1a of the POSEIDON classification. They were divided into two groups: group1 consisted of 40 women, each with a higher number of metaphase II (MII) oocytes (G1, 3-4 oocytes retrieved), whilegroup 2 comprised of 40 women, each with a lower number of MII oocytes (G2, ≤2 oocytes retrieved). The expressionsof the studied genes were evaluated by quantitative-real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The concentration ofBPA in follicular fluid was measured with HPLC. The expression levels of NOTCH1-3, HLA-G, and ICAM-1 genes were significantly lower in G2 than G1(P<0.05). Meanwhile, CASPASE 3/7 expression levels were higher in unexpected POR patients in G2 compared toG1 (P<0.05). There was a significant direct correlation between the levels of NOTCH1-3, HLA-G and ICAM-1 geneexpressions and there was also a significant inverse correlation (P<0.05) between the levels of CASPASE 3/7, with thenumber of MII oocytes and embryo development between the two groups. The concentration of BPA in the follicularfluids of G2 was higher compared to G1 (P<0.05). A higher concentration of BPA was associated with a lower number of mature oocytes and oocyte qualityin these patients. Also, alterations of NOTCH1-3, CASPASE 3/7, HLA-G, and ICAM-1 transcript levels in unexpectedPOR women were associated with BPA concentration.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major threat to world health and safety, making it the primary concern of global community that requires immediate preventive measures. Several organs are affected by this disease simultaneously with possible long-lasting sequelae. Disease pathogenesis is influenced by, the type of virus and its mutation, the number of viruses, individual’s immune system and their age, gender, nutritional status, homeostasis between the immune, nervous and endocrine systems, and also physical condition. All of these factors play a role in the onset, duration, severity, and recurrence of the disease. Since the exact mechanism of infection with this virus is not fully understood, in this study we aimed to investigate its effects on the reproductive system in male and female as well as pregnancy outcome.

Bisphenol‑S (BPS), as a new human public health concern, was introduced to the plastic industry by BPA‑free labeled products following the restrictions of Bisphenol‑A (BPA) as a safe alternative. However, recent research has revealed a controversial issue. In this regard, the present study aimed to review the relationship between BPS exposure and reproductive system dis/ malfunction.

PubMed and other databases were searched up to January 2021. The standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for the main parameters using the random‑effects model. Finally, 12 studies with 420 subjects were included in this research. Forest plot, meta‑regression, and non‑linear dose‑response effect were calculated for each parameter by random‑effects model.

Based on the results of in vitro assessment, a significant increase was found in the oxidative stress parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SMD: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.321, 0.939), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (SMD: 0.760, 95% CI: 0.423, 1.096), and reactive oxygen species (SMD: 0.484, 95% CI: 0.132, 0.835). In addition, the hormonal assessment revealed a significant decrease in male testosterone concertation (SMD: ‑0.476, 95% CI: ‑0.881, ‑0.071). Moreover, in vivo examination revealed a significant decrease in hormonal parameters, such as female testosterone (SMD: ‑0.808, 95% CI: ‑1.149, ‑0.467), female estrogen (SMD: ‑2.608, 95% CI: ‑4.588, ‑0.628), female luteinizing hormone (SMD: ‑0.386, 95% CI: ‑0.682, ‑0.089), and female follicle‑stimulating hormone (FSH) (SMD: ‑0.418, 95% CI: ‑0.716, ‑0.119). Besides, linear and non‑linear correlations were detected in the main parameters.

In conclusion, based on the current meta‑analysis, BPS was suggested to be toxic for the reproductive system, similar to the other bisphenols. Moreover, a possible correlation was indicated between oxidative and hormonal status disruption induced by BPS in male and female reproductive systems dis/malfunction.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is the leading cause of the new deadly pneumonia named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This pathogen has different co-receptors on various tissues, resulting in vast pathophysiological circumstances. Here, we present a comprehensive narrative review focusing on the impact of SARS-CoV2 on human reproduction. Evidence-based literature revealed inconsistent results for this virus in the reproductive organs of patients with COVID-19, even in the critical phase. Conversely, numerous satisfactory data represented those different reproductive activities, from gametogenesis to pregnancy, can be targeted by SARS-CoV2. The severity of COVID-19 depends on the differential expression of the host cellular components required to enter SARS-CoV2. The cytokine storm and oxidative stress coming out during COVID19 are associated with complications in reproductive endocrinopathies. Men are naturally more susceptible to COVID-19, especially accompanied by orchitis and varicocele. Synergistically the interaction of SARS-CoV2 and female reproductive failures (polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis) increases the susceptibility to COVID-19. Thus, pharmaceutical interventions that ameliorate the complications in individuals with reproductive disorders can be helpful to achieve good outcomes in assisted reproductive techniques. Soon, an increase in the infertility rate will likely be an overall impact of SARS-CoV2 in patients who recovered from COVID-19.

Due to the presence of the main receptor of SARS-CoV-2 (ACE2) in the male and female reproductive systems, infertility and viral damage during pregnancy are possible, in addition to premature birth, abnormal birth, and even maternal death.

This study aimed to review the effects of COVID-19 from fertilization until birth.

By searching relevant keywords, a total of 205 articles were retrieved, 62 of which were finally reviewed in this study. Also, the Fertility Society of Australia (FSA), European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), and Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) websites were checked to find reports on infertility management during the COVID-19 pandemic in other countries.

: The coronavirus receptor (ACE2) is expressed in the tissues of the male and female reproductive systems, as well as various embryonic stages. The fetus is most likely to be infected by the virus at the time of birth. However, there are few reports of vertical transmission from the mother to the fetus before birth. Couples are generally suggested to freeze their embryos after the COVID-19 pandemic is eradicated.

Considering the presence of the new coronavirus receptors in the male and female reproductive systems, besides reports on the destructive effects of this virus on different parts of the male and female reproductive systems, COVID-19 can harm the next generation, as well as the current world population. Therefore, couples are advised to avoid pregnancy during the COVID-19 outbreak. In the case of pregnancy, they are asked to observe the health protocols as much as possible to prevent the spread of disease.

This study evaluated the possible protective effects of Gordonia bronchialis (Gb) on oxidative stress and some subsequent alterations on testis from rats undergoing an experimentally induced type 1 diabetes.

A total of 40 male rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten. Diabetes was induced by injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin in 30 rats. Oral administration of Gb at dose of 105 (low dose) and 107 (high dose) CFU/rat was performed in two groups continuously for 14 days. The third and fourth groups received normal saline as the diabetic and healthy control groups, respectively. The blood and testicular tissue samples were taken on the 14th and 21st days post treatment for biochemical and histopathological evaluations.

Significant differences were found in blood glucose level, insulin, IL-6 and TNF-α values together with catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde level in the diabetic group in comparison with healthy and Gb recipient groups. Moreover, the histopathological lesions observed in the diabetic rats mainly included basement membrane thickening, decreased number of Sertoli cells, and severe reduction of spermatogenesis markedly attenuated in Gb-treated rats.

Taken together, it seems that oral administration of Gb could ameliorate testicular damage associated with some related parameters in the diabetic animal model.

Male hypogonadism is associated with type II diabetes mellitus due to testicular dysfunction. Medicinal plants have received considerable attention for the management of diabetes and its complications. The aim of present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and protective influence of Crocin on testopathy in diabetic rats. In this experimental study, type II of diabetes mellitus was induced by high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin. Male Wistar rats (8 weeks,150–200 gr, 18 rats; n= 6 per group) were divided into a control group (standard diet), diabetic group (streptozotocin+high-fat diet), and treatment group (High-fat diet+streptozotocin+Crocin at 20 mg/kg/day, i.p. for 60 days). After 60 days, animals were euthanized, testis and epididymis were dissected, and weights of testes and sperm count were analyzed. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained was done for histopathological examination. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of serum glucose and cholesterol. High-fat diet and streptozotocin significantly increased the serum glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to the control group (p≤ 0. 001). Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the weight of right (p= 0.008) and left testes (p≤ 0.001) and also the total sperm count (p= 0.023) in the diabetic group compared with the control group. Current results also identified that type II diabetes mellitus induced degeneration in the morphology of seminiferous tubules. Application of Crocin couldsignificantly decrease serum glucose and cholesterol levels (p= 0.003). Furthermore, Crocin treatment significantly increased the weight of the right (p= 0.026) and left (p= 0.014) testes and total sperm count (p= 0.000). Also, Crocin could attenuate the pathological changes of the testes in the treatment group. Present findings concluded that Crocin treatment improved diabetic testopathy and impairment of seminiferous tubules induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin.

Sexually transmitted infections play a great role in formation of inflammatory diseases of female urogenital system. These diseases can cause a decrease in the level of female sex hormones, as well as the ratio of estrogens and androgens.

To determine changes in the state of sex hormones in women with inflammatory diseases of ovaries associated with opportunistic urogenital flora.

136 women aged 18-39 yr participated in this cross-sectional clinical study. They were examined with the use of a complex of clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods of examination. The patients with confirmed diagnosis of inflammatory disease of reproductive system associated with opportunistic urogenital infection have been under blood analysis to reveal the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estrogens.

After the treatment the functional capacity of ovary significantly increased, proved by a corresponding increase in the concentration of estradiol hormone in blood serum in all phases of menstrual cycle. According to estradiol in follicular phase its concentration was increased from 421.8±10.8 nmol/L to 581.3±10.2 nmol/L. The elevation in the ratio of estradiol/testosterone hormones in blood serum also is demonstrated.

Inflammatory diseases associated with opportunistic urogenital infection is responsible for a decrease of female sex hormones and the ratio of estrogens and androgens.

Reproductive systems in humans not only serve the birth and survival of generations, but also regulate many of the psychological and behavioral characteristics of humans. Regarding the side effects of chemical drugs used in the treatment of reproductive system disorders; this study was conducted to investigate the effect of medicinal plants on the performance of this system. In this review, an extensive literature search was conducted using relevant articles published between 2000 and 2018, and indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scientific Information Database, and Islamic world science citation center (ISC) were studied. The search terms used to retrieve the articles were as follows: Herbal medical extract ،Names of medicinal plants, Reproductive System. The use of medical plants has been commonplace in ancient civilizations, and hence since ancient times plants have long been an important source of medicine. Research on herbal medicine in recent years has shown that plants such as, Ginseng, Ginger and Aloe Vera have formerly been used to treat reproductive system disorders. In the present study, the effects of 30 plant types on the treatment of reproductive system have been investigated. According to the results of this study, many medicinal plants have beneficial effects due to flavonoid and antioxidant compounds in the treatment of reproductive system disorders, as some also have a negative effect on the system, so the use of medicinal plants in this regard should be made under the supervision of a specialist physician.

To study the effect of withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent male rats.
Adult male rats were divided randomly into four groups: control (G1), received morphine (G2), received morphine and treated by clove (G3) and only treated by clove (G4). The rats were administered increasing doses of morphine (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/ml), each dose being administered for two days, and then a dose of 4 mg/ml was given every day for 21 consecutive days. After the last oral dose of morphine on day 21, the rats were treated daily with oral clove (4 mg/ml/kg) for 14 days. Following the treatment, the histological parameters, oxidative stress, LH, FSH and testosterone levels were measured.
The histological parameters were not significantly changed. In the morphine group, it was observed that the levels of LH, FSH and testosterone decreased significantly in comparison to the control group and clove treatment could significantly increase the LH, FSH, testosterone, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels in G3 groups. Also, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly in the morphine group and treatment with clove could significantly decrease the MDA level in G3 groups.
Our results showed that the hormone levels (LH, FSH and testosterone) and antioxidant enzyme increased with the administration of clove after morphine withdrawal. This may be because of the antioxidant effect of clove or the direct effect of this plant on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, or both.

Atrazine (ATZ) is a common herbicide in agriculture for control of grass and broad-leaved weeds. It persists in the environment and causes reproductive problems in both human and animals. The present study was aimed at protective effect of green tea against ATZ toxicity in the reproductive system of male rats.
The present study was performed in Veterinary School, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2016. ATZ and treatment groups received ATZ daily 200 mg/kg BW orally for 14 d. In addition, 0.2% methanolic green tea extract was administrated in the treatment group.
In histopathologic investigation, number of germinal layers reduced in the most seminiferous tubules in the ATZ group and spermatids were absence. Necrotic spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa were evident in the testicular tubules. In the morphometric measurements, tubular diameter, germinal epithelium height, and meiosis index decreased significantly.
Green tea extract had reduced testicular toxicity of atrazine significantly. ATZ induces toxicity through oxidative damage and green tea extract can protect the testes due to antioxidant activity of its polyphenols especially flavonoids.

Bisphenol A is a xenoestrogen, synthesized in large quantities for the production of polymers (polycarbonates, epoxy resins) and thermal paper, and is widely used in products of everyday use (packaging, containers and bottles). Data concerning the occurrence of BPA in food, water and indoor environments as well as its appearance in tissues and body fluids of the human body are available in the literature. Male accessory sex glands are also vulnerable to environmental endocrine disruptors with adverse effects in adulthood. The developing prostate gland is particularly sensitive to estrogens and high-dose exposures during a critical developmental window results in intraepithelial prostatic neoplasia (PIN) in adult rodent models. Bisphenol A is also an endocrine disruptor. High levels of BPA exposure correlate with increased risk of mammary gland, brain and prostate cancers and have adverse effects on the tissues of the prostate and seminal vesicles.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA doses on the histological structure and ultrastructure of prostate and seminal vesicle glands.
Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): A control group and three treatment groups, receiving BPA at doses of 10, 50 and 100 µg/kg. Bisphenol A was administrated intraperitoneally for 15 days. As the prostate and seminal vesicle glands were dissected on the day 16, the structure and ultrastructure histological parameters were analyzed, using light and electron microscopes.
The main pathological finding observed in the prostrate and seminal vesicle glands, using light microscope, revealed congestion in the connective tissue and vacuolization in the secretory units of epithelial cells and epithelium rupture at 50 and 100 µg/kg doses of BPA. Ultrastructure study showed vacuolization of mitochondria, condensation of nuclei and disappearance of nucleus in the prostate tissue. Pathological changes showed the vacuolization and dilation of endoplamic reticulum (ER) and secretory glands and disappearance of microvilli. They also showed an increase in collagen fibers around the cells in the seminal vesicle tissue in the treatment group that received 100 µg/kg BW BPA.
This study revealed that BPA has adverse effects on the reproductive system in male rats. The results also revealed that BPA has destructive effects on the prostate and seminal vesicle glands.

One of the problems that addicts suffer from is decreased libido. Erectile dysfunction has been reported in men using opioids for treatment of heroin addiction.

The study was performed to investigate the effects of morphine and detoxification with methadone as causes of sexual dysfunction in addiction.Methods and

A total of 40 adult male rats (Wistar) were used. Animals were divided in to 4 groups. Control groups received saline for 30 days. Other 2 groups received 10 mg/kg morphine on day 1 and the morphine doses increased daily by 2 mg/kg increments per day until in day 30 a maximum of 68 mg/kg twice daily was achieved. Withdrawal syndrome sings were evaluated. At the end of period, one group of 2 morphine dependent groups was treated with methadone during 14 days. Animals in group 4 (saline solution+ methadone) received saline for 30 consecutive days and then detoxified with methadone during 14 days. Partial weights of seminal vesicles, testes, prostates, seminal vesicles content, concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and testosterone in serum were determined.

In the dependent group serum levels of testosterone (p<0.001), folicle stimulating hormone (p=0.0097) and luteinizing hormone (p=0.0031) as well as the weights of testes (p=0.0051), partial weights of prostates, seminal vesicles and seminal vesicles contents (p<0.001) were reduced as compared with control group. In the morphine dependent animals detoxified with methadone, testosterone concentrations and seminal vesicles contents remained lower than levels in the control group (p<0.001).

The results suggest that morphine dependence may impair the reproductive function in male rats.

The inability to have a child is a baleful event for millions of couples in their life, and a large percentage of them have a personal frustration. The problem of infertility in couples is distributed equitably between the two sexes. Among different methods, medicinal plants have been used in many Nations to treat male infertility problems. These medicinal herbs are used to treat sperm disorders, dysfunctioning of the libido, 2 sexual asthenia and erection. Herbs provide a therapeutic option, which is affordable and available for infertile couples, and herbalism is the main form of treatment in our health system. So in this review, we have summarized most of the data dealing with the positive effects of plant extracts on mammalian reproductive system.