جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Risk Behaviors » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

High-risk behaviors endanger the health and well-being of individuals. Therefore, it is important to recognize its effective factors. Therefore this study aimed to explain student - teachers high-risk behaviors based on academic identity and academic motivation.

The research method was a descriptive-correlation, and the statistical population consists of all male student – teachers (n=500) at Farhangian University of Sabzevar in 2016-2017 and 220 students were selected using available sampling method and using the Cochran formula. Academic identity status questionnaire, academic motivation scale and Iranian youth high-risk behaviors scale were used for data gathering. Data analysis was performed using the multiple regression analysis (stepwise) and software SPSS version 16.
Findings: The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between academic identity achievement with smoking and sex and followering academic identity with sex (p>0.05). There is a significant negative relatioship between internal motivation with smoking and sex (p>0.01). Stepwise regression analysis showed academic identity achievement and academic identity follower predict Smoking and sex components. Also, intrinsic motivation predict smoking and sex components of high-risk behaviors.

Academic identity and academic motivation are predictors of high-risk behaviors in students.

Adult ADHD as an important disorder is increasingly known, however, little attention has taken for its side effects on students. The aim of this study was to investigate risk behaviors and suicidal ideas in students with ADHD symptom.
The study method was causal-comparative and study population included Shahid Beheshti University students in the academic year 94-95. Of this population, 300 students were selected by convenience sampling and then received satisfactory explanations for participate in this study and completed Conner’s Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity diagnostic questionnaires. To analyze the data, independent t-test was used.
Findings showed that students with ADHD symptoms as compared to students without ADHD, significantly report risk behaviors (p Due to the high suicidal thoughts and risk behaviors in students with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, according to the screening, diagnosis and treatment of these students seems necessary.

Risk behaviors are more common in HIV-positive population than general population and are affected by various factors such as biological factors, familial factors, peer group, media and lifestyle. Low family functioning is one important factor to predict risk behaviors. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of family functioning in predicting risk behaviors based on risky decision making and health promoting lifestyle in people living with HIV.
The present study was a descriptive and correlational study and was conducted on 147 HIV-positive individuals and we used convenience sampling for data gathering. The participants responded to the health promoting lifestyle profile-2 (HPLP-2), family adaptability and cohesion scale IV (FACES-IV), balloon analogue risk task (BART), and risk behavior assessment in social situation. The data were analyzed using Lisrel 8.8 software and structural equation modeling method.
Findings suggests that there is a negative and meaningful relationship between family functioning. Family functioning have direct effects and also undirect effects on risk behaviors with two mediator factors of lifestyle and risky decision making.
this research showed that family functioning directly contributes to risk behaviors and also indirectly contributes to risk behaviors with the mediator role of risky decision making and lifestyle. The future researches should focus more deeply on family function role in risk behaviors of people living with HIV.

Background and AIDS is a socio-medical problem and has vast consequences. It is needed to prevent the sexual affection that it be detected role of social determinants of health and social networks. This study was conducted to assess the association between size of social network and probability of occurrence of HIV/AIDS among sexually affected patients in behavioral diseases consulting centers covered to Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences in 1394.
This research was a case-control study including 94 patients consulting the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences centers of AIDS as case group and 94 persons as control group in Tehran, Iran. Samples were selected by the classified method; the later sampling was done by the convenience sampling method. The tools for data collection were demographic questionnaires, as well as a questionnaire to obtain data on size of social network. Data were analyzed by SPSS.22 software and logistic regression analysis and discrimination analysis.
Findings showed that size of social network in sexual affected patients is lower of non-affected persons. There is a significant association, thus positive between sizes of social network in sexual affected patients and non-affected (p It is necessary to adjust sexual risk behaviors and detect the role of social network and sexual physio-psycho-social paths by which it transmitted.

Promoting health education programs in schools to prevent drug abuse, increase academic skills, behaviors and decrease risk of mental disorders is running. The aim of the present study was the effect of education on health-promoting school with academic stress, life skills and risky behaviors among students.
Quasi experimental research design and pretest-posttest control group design. The study population Tabriz city high school female students in the academic year 2015-2016 sample of 60 students who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling in two groups (n = 30) and control (n = 30) were replaced. To collect the data, academic stress, life skills and risky behaviors was used. Data obtained using analysis of covariance was analyzed using SPSS software.
The results showed that health education program that promotes to effective with academic stress, life skills and risk behaviors. In fact, training health promoters to increase life skills and reduce stress and risk behaviors in student's education.
Therefore, health education programs in schools can reduce risk behaviors and negative and positive behaviors such as improving life skills in students.

Given the importance of understanding the underlying causes of risky behavior, the purpose of present study was to investigate the role of perceptions of parental scale, problem solving, and self-regulation in predicting incidence of high-risk behaviors amon students in Kermanshah city, Iran.
The study population included all school students (First to third grades) in Kermanshah, where 300 people of them were selected using cluster sampling multi-stage. Data analysis was performed using simultaneous and stepwise discriminate analysis method. Data were collected by high-risky behavior and self-regulation questionnaires, problem solving inventory, and perceptions of parental scale.
Result of data analysis showed that self-regulation, method of problem solving and perceptions of parental, plays an important role in predicting high-risk behaviors. Data analysis based on stepwise discriminate analysis showed that most of the structural coefficient related to self-regulation, self-control (one of the components of the problem solving method), Perceptions of Parental and father involvement (one of the components of the Perceptions of Parental), respectively. In other words, these features have the greatest role in predicting high-risk behaviors.
It can be concluded that the family environment and cognitive variables have a significant role in risky behaviors.

Drug use is one of the international community problems that leads to lose of huge national assets, and is one of the most important factors disturbing security and discipline in the society. Injection is one of the most harmful ways of drug use. About 200 million drug addicts and 11-21 million common people have had drug injection worldwide in 2008. Abuse drug Injection is one of the main reasons of transmitting of infectious diseases such as: AIDS and hepatitis through high-risk behavior. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of health education and promotion, and interactive behavior on changing risky behaviors among drug injecting users.
This quasi-experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of education and health promotion intervention on 75 drug injecting users who were selected by convenience sampling in the addiction reduction center of Urmia in 2007-2008. In this study, a self constructed questionnaire was used that contained questions about healthy and risky behaviors. In addition to health education for 4-2 week sessions throughout the year, a healthy package containing syringes, condoms, sterile water and alcohol pad, and a range of amenities such as nutrition, hygiene and bathing accessories, offering free medical care, free psychological counseling, and free social work were also given to abusers. Before and after intervention, data were analyzed by SPSS18 software and statistical tests such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and paired t-test were also analyzed.
The findings showed that the effects of education and health promotion were significant on changing the risky behaviors among drug injecting users. The average scores of before and after intervention had statistically significant difference (P It seems that teaching healthy behaviors besides providing the suitable environment, and injection facilities can be an effective factor in changing the injecting method in comparison to the other methods, and reducing the risky behaviors and infectious diseases transmitted through injection as well.

Aim and The aim of the present study was to examine the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance in high-risk behaviors among students.
Methods and Materials: In a correlational study, from among all students of various schools of Kharazmi University in 2014-2015, 240 students (146 women and 94 men) were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The participants completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Distress Tolerance Questionnaire, and Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (stepwise).
Findings: The correlation coefficients showed that adaptive strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective) had a significant negative relationship with some risky behaviors (dangerous driving, violence, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, alcohol consumption, and relationship with the opposite sex). The non-adaptive strategies of blaming others and catastrophizing had a significant positive relationship with the risky behaviors of dangerous driving, violence, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and sexual relationship and behavior. These results also indicated that components of distress tolerance (tolerance, absorption, and appraisal) had a significant negative relationship with some risky behaviors (dangerous driving, violence, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and sexual relationship and behavior). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that among the five adaptive strategies, strategies of acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, and positive reappraisal had predictive power for some risky behaviors. In addition, among the four non-adaptive strategies, strategies of catastrophizing, and blaming others had predictive power for some risky behaviors. Moreover, among the components of distress tolerance, appraisal and absorption components had predictive power for some risky behaviors. Overall, among other predictors, the two strategies of refocusing on planning and positive reappraisal, with explanation of 11% of variance in violence scores, had the highest coefficient for high-risk behaviors.
From the findings of this study, it can be inferred that cognitive emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance were important predictors of risky behaviors in students. Therefore, in educational programs for the prevention and reduction of risky behaviors among students, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance require more attention.

Today, the emergence of high-risk behaviors, influenced by sociological factors and parenting approaches, among youth has turned into one of the most important issues in the society. The aim of this study was to determine correlation between risky behaviors in the pre-university adolescent students in Hamadan with Parents’ child raising method. This is a descriptive study which was conducted in pre-university school students in 2012-2013. A sample of 220 students (120 boys and 100 girls) was chosen via the random multi-stage cluster sampling method. For data collection, “Baumrind’s Parenting Style Scale” and “Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale” were used. Validity of the scales were confirmed by 8 psychologists and psychotherapists experts. Reliability of the scales were measured by Cronbach‘s alpha and test-retest methods. Data was analyzed by SPSS/21. Findings showed a significant and negative correlation between student's high-risk behavior, authoritative parenting, and the parent's educational level (P<0.001, r=-0.42 & P<0.001, r= -0.48). There was also a significant difference between male and female students in the frequency of the emerging high-risk behaviors (P<0.05). The high-risk behaviors among male students (3.34) is significant more than female students (2.68). However, there was no significant difference between economical-social classes and student's high-risk behaviors. Parenting approaches, parent’s educational levels, and gender types are influential factors in the occurrence of high-risk behavior. Therefore, providing the adequate training for parents, to obtain right a parenting approach, is recommended.

Children who work or live on the street are one of key populations at risk for HIV and hard to reach for study or providing services. Here, as a methodological paper, we present the methods and steps of a rapid assessment and response (RARE) project conducted among street children in Tehran. We applied a mixture of qualitative (literature review, focus group discussion, in-depth interview) and quantitative (structure interview) methods to collect data from key informants in non-governmental and governmental agencies as well as street children. We applied targeted sampling to recruit key informants and time location sampling to recruit street children. The study was conducted in eight steps to recognize the involved stakeholders, define target population (street children) and to guide on how to approach them (steps 1 to 2: Initial Consultation, Study Area Profile), to map the venues and gathering spots and ethnographic findings crucial for further recruitment into surveys (steps 3 to 5: Contextual Assessment, Population and Setting Assessment, Health Issues Assessment), assess the risk behaviors (step 6: Assessment Behavior Risk and Health), evaluate the response (step 7: Intervention Assessment), and develop an operational plan for improving the services (step 8: Developing an Action Plan). RARE is a participatory mix research method with sufficient flexibility to study complex health problems such as stigmatized HIV risk behaviors among high risk and hard to reach populations and also to assess the health sector response.

In recent years, given the accelerated social changes, the prevalence of high-risk behaviors among different social strata has become a major concern for the society. Accordingly, this study was conducted to present proposed interventions for reduction of high-risk behavior of vulnerable women in Iran, based on rapid assessment and response model. This was a qualitative study using rapid assessment and response to identify needs of vulnerable women with such behaviors conducted over 8 months in 2 selected cities in Iran. In the assessment stage, study population consisted of vulnerable women, working professionally and illegally in the sex trade, selling their bodies in the city for money or commodity, during the period of this study and at least three months earlier, and key informants with experience, skill, and sufficient knowledge and history of management in issues of high-risk behaviors among SEX-workers. Semi-structured interview techniques, and question guide and open observations were used to explain high-risk behaviors. According to the results obtained, 3 categories were identified, including high-risk behavior patterns and influencing factors, awareness and attitude, and diagnoses and medical services needs. Based on the 3 categories found, interventional strategies were designed separately for each one. Among benefits of rapid assessment and response methods, is design of interventions with participation of stakeholders and vulnerable groups, which increases the likelihood of interventions becoming operational.