جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Stress disorders » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Health care provided by youth can support homebound and bedridden older adults. The purpose of this study was to develop a program for homebound and bedridden older adults in rural areas of northeastern Thailand.

The methodology was a mixed method, including 1) exploration of the current situation through qualitative method, 2) development of a training program, and 3) implementation and evaluation of the program developed through a quasi-experimental method from February to June 2020 in Ta-Muang Subdistrict, Selaphum District, Roi Et Province, Thailand. Data were collected through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, Thai version of the brief form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF-THAI), and Srithanya Stress Test (ST-5) questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentages, means, SDs, and paired t tests, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

The qualitative method showed 4 major themes, including 1) lack of caregivers, 2) lack of knowledge, 3) loneliness and stress, and 4) under the poverty line. The training program involved 6 activities: 1) providing knowledge in caring for older adults to educate and support youth, 2) demonstrating and practicing in caring for older adults to educate and support youth, 3) caring for older adults with love and care, 4) providing hygiene care to older adults, 5) promoting self-worth and self-confidence in youth, and 6) enhancing community participation. The quantitative method showed after the implementation of this training program.  Findings showed that quality of life had higher mean scores, and stress had lower mean scores compared to the prior implementation.

This training program could promote bonding among youth and homebound and bedridden older adults through peer support from health volunteers.

Opioid abuse is one of the most critical problems today, and individuals struggling with this issue often experience stress, anxiety, and depression disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effects of software-based cognitive bias modification on stress, anxiety, and depression disorders among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment. This double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 2022. Eighty-four participants were selected through convenience sampling from individuals undergoing methadone maintenance treatment for opioid abuse at an addiction treatment center in Isfahan city. They were then randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=42) or the control group (n=42). The intervention involved a four-week program utilizing software-based cognitive bias modification through the dot-probe task, with two sessions per week. Participants in both groups completed DASS21 questionnaires before, immediately after, and two months following the intervention. The repeated-measures ANOVA test revealed statistically significant differences in the mean scores of stress (P<0.001), anxiety (P<0.001), and depression (P<0.001) disorders in the intervention group before, immediately after, and two months post-intervention. The findings of this study suggest that software-based cognitive bias modification can lead to a reduction in stress, anxiety, and depression disorders among patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Therefore, incorporating this program alongside other treatment methods for individuals in methadone maintenance treatment is recommended.

This study investigates the effect of virtual training on the stress of mothers of children with febrile seizures.

This quasi-experimental research was conducted on 64 mothers of children with febrile seizures in Shahrekord in 2022. The samples were randomly distributed into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received WhatsApp training during three individual and 3 group sessions, and the control group received routine training. Mothers' stress was measured using the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP) questionnaire, completed by two groups before, immediately, and two months after the intervention. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 18 version, descriptive statistics, repeated measure analysis of variance, independent t-test, chisquare, and Fisher tests.

Before the intervention, the average total score of stress in frequency level in intervention and control groups was 117.29 ± 20/70 and 122.50 ± 24.69 and in difficulty level in intervention and control groups were 122.21 ± 25.32 and 129.83 ± 3.24. There was no statistically significant difference on the two levels between the groups (P = 0.363) and (P = 0.285). Immediately after the intervention, the average total score on the two levels in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.001) and (P = 0.003). Two months after the intervention, the average score on two levels in the intervention group was lower than the control group (P < 0.001).

Using virtual training is suggested as an effective method to reduce the stress of mothers of children with febrile seizures.

Like becoming a mother, becoming a father is a new and important role that entails several responsibilities and expectations for men. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological status and perceived social support in men during their wives’ pregnancy.

This cross-sectional study investigated 372 Iranian men in the third trimester of their wives' pregnancy using multistage cluster sampling from May 2014 to February 2015 in Tabriz, Iran. The self-administered questionnaires used included demographic questionnaire, Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ-85-part2), and short form of depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21). The statistical tests including Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis and linear regression model were used for data through SPSS v. 21.

 Perceived social support was negatively correlated with anxiety (r=-0.390, P<0.001), depression (r= -0.277, P<0.001), and stress in men (r= -0.290, P<0.001). Based on the results of multiple linear regression, the father's education, mother's occupation, income, and fetus gender by ultrasound were significantly related to the anxiety of fathers. Moreover, mother's age was significantly correlated with men's depression.

Based on the results, social support affects the psychological status of men in the third trimester of pregnancy of their wives and the levels of anxiety, depression and stress decrease in men with increasing of social support.  Healthcare providers should pay more attention to the increasing public awareness, stress management and communication skills training, and support of men during their wife’s pregnancy.

 Infertility disrupts the life of infertile couples and causes violence against women. Women who experience violence must deal with the painful memories of that stressful event. Those who go through events beyond normal experience may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

 The present study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived violence and PTSD in infertile women.

 This case-control study was conducted on 148 infertile women with PTSD and 148 infertile women without PTSD who had attended Milad Infertility Treatment Center in Mashhad, Iran. A score above 50 from the PTSD checklist-civilian version (PCL-C) was considered for the diagnosis of PTSD, and the mean score of violence was compared between the groups of subjects with and without PTSD.

 The results showed a significant relationship between PTSD and violence against infertile women (P < 0.001). The mean violence score was 59.22 ± 7.31 in subjects with PTSD and 41.10 ± 13.33 in the group of subjects without PTSD. Moreover, the risk of violence was 1.11 times higher in subjects with PTSD than in the healthy group (OR = 1.11, CI 95%: 1.08 - 1.14).

 The results of this study showed that the risk of violence was higher in subjects with PTSD than in women without this disorder. Therefore, necessary measures must be taken to help infertile women affected by violence.

The clinical environment always has been the most stressful course of nursing education. Personality traits can be influential factors in stress resources and responding to stress. The present study investigates the correlation between personality traits and nursing students’ stress resources in the clinical environment.

This descriptive correlational study was planned and performed on Zanjan University of Medical Sciences nursing students. The research population was 215 students selected by stratified random sampling method from all nursing students in the third to eighth semesters. We used an electronic questionnaire for data gathering, including three sections: demographic characteristics, NEO personality traits, and stress resources in the clinical environment. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The most and least stressful resources were related to the score of unpleasant emotions and interpersonal relationships. We found a significant positive correlation between neuroticism personality traits and all four stress resources (p < 0.05). The results also showed a significant correlation between all scores of personality traits and perceived stress from unpleasant emotions except the openness to experience trait (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between age, gender, semester, interest, and stress resources in the clinical environment was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Paying attention to the nursing student’s clinical performance to maintain the patient’s health is vital and unavoidable. Therefore, more than ever in the preclinical course of nursing education, improving the psychological readiness and simulation training method can reduce the harmful effects of the clinical environment’s stress resources on their clinical performance.

Research capacity building and self-efficacy are essential skills for medical students that greatly help them to participate in research. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic stress and research self-efficacy in medical students through the mediating role of research spirit.
Materials &

This descriptive-correlational study used path analysis to examine the relationships between the variables. The statistical population was all postgraduate medical students in Ilam in the academic year 2022-2023, of whom 301 students were selected using convenience sampling. They completed the Research Self-Efficacy Scale, the Academic Stress Scale, and the Research Spirit Questionnaire. Evaluation of the proposed model was done using path analysis.

There was a negative correlation between academic stress and research spirit (p<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between research spirit and research self-efficacy (p<0.001), whereas there was no significant correlation between the direct path of academic stress to research self-efficacy. Also, there was a significant correlation between the indirect path connecting academic stress and research self-efficacy through research spirit (p<0.01).

Based on the results, the proposed model shows a good fit and is a major step toward identifying factors influencing research self-efficacy among medical students.

As one of the primary causes of confusion and decline in mental health, stress can be the source of considerable negative effects on student performance. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress management training in academic optimism and hope of university entrance exam applicants.
Participants &

This was a quasi-experimental study based on a pretest-posttest design with a follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all university entrance exam applicants in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2022. Thirty applicants, who met the inclusion criteria, were selected as the sample using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups (15 participants per group). The participants in the treatment group attended eleven 120-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) training program, whereas those in the control group received no intervention. The Academic Optimism Scale and Adult Hope Scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance).

The results showed that the stress management training program improved the academic optimism (F=117.24, P=0.001) and hope (F=66.33, P=0.001) of the participants in the treatment group.

It can be concluded that stress management training in stressful situations, such as the university entrance exam can boost candidates' academic optimism and hope.

The desire to attain ideal body dimensions determined by the society causes internal pressure and negative emotional intensity in young people, and this leads to mood disorders. It was aimed to examine the relationship between university students' perceived body weights and their depression, anxiety, and stress levels.

This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with 950 university students at Uskudar University in Istanbul, Turkey during the 2021-2022 academic year. The Information Form and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) were administered online through a structured questionnaire created in Google Forms. IBM SPSS v26® software was used in the analysis of the data.

74.4% of the students were female. The mean age was 19.17±1.11 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.12±3.87 kg/m2. The prevalence of participants’ mood disorders as ‘severe’ and ‘extremely severe’ depression was 91.2%, anxiety was 62.2% and stress was 62.3%. According to BMI, 26.1% of ‘underweight’ students and 31.5% of ‘overweight’ students perceived themselves as normal weight. And also, 23.8% of the students misjudged their body weight. Students who misjudged their body weight had higher depression levels (P=0.008).

There was a strong relationship between perceived body weight and depression, 1 of every 4 students misjudged their body weight. Body perception of participants who were ‘underweight’ according to BMI was in the perceptional direction of obesity and who were ‘overweight’ was in the perceptional direction of thinness. Students who were ‘normal weight’ according to BMI have a healthier body image.

Mental disorders have become especially important in the current stressful world. Among these disorders, anxiety, and depression are highly prevalent. Stress is also a very common phenomenon. Given the teachers’ prominent roles in the education department and the importance of their mental health, the present study aimed to determine stress, anxiety, and depression among teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020. This cross-sectional study examined 210 primary school teachers in district 3 of Isfahan province in Iran, using multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale- 42 Items (DASS-42). Also, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 20 and conducting pearson test, t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression. The results indicated a high level of stress, anxiety, and depression among the teachers. Findings also showed that teachers’ depression was significantly associated with their age, work experience, type of housing, and student behavior (P<0.05). Further, teachers’ anxiety was significantly associated with their work experience and student behavior (P<0.05). Moreover, teachers’ stress was significantly associated with their history of mental diseases (P<0.05). Teachers’ depression, anxiety, and stress were not significantly correlated with their marital status, spouse’s job, education level, and Relationship with other colleagues (P>0.05). Given that stress, anxiety, and depression affect teachers’ mental health, and consequently the quantity and quality of their work, holding training courses and sessions to discuss teachers’ problems, provides practical and effective solutions, and offers them administrative and organizational support, can be an effective step towards improving their mental health.

Childbirth is among the most significant and pleasant events in a woman’s life. This event can be a traumatic event and a threat to the mother’s mental health. This study recognizes the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after childbirth and social support and marital satisfaction.

This Cross-sectional analytical study was performed on a sample of 400 mothers who had delivered at Shohadaye-15-Khordad Hospital in Varamin (in two groups with & without PTSD). The research instruments include the Demographic, Midwifery, Neonatal Factors checklist, Enrich Marital Satisfaction, Weinfeld and Tigman Social Support, and the PTSD Symptoms Scale. We used SPSS to analyze the descriptive and Pearson correlation and logistic regression data. A P<0.05 was considered significant.

The prevalence of PTDS in this study was equal to 16.8%. There was no significant correlation between the mean of the total score of PTSD in all dimensions with social support (P>0.05). Marital satisfaction significantly affected the probability of PTSD after childbirth (P=0.001). There was a significant correlation between PTSD total score and dimension of avoidance symptoms and infant gender (P=0.038). There was also a significant correlation between gestational age and avoidance symptoms (P=0.001) and type of nutrition feeding and motivational symptoms (P=0.041) of PTSD dimensions.

According to the relationship between marital satisfaction and PTSD, it is recommended to design suitable interventions to improve the marital status and promptly diagnose the susceptible mothers to prevent the spread of this complication.

Post‑Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that can result from direct or indirect contact with traumatic events. The current study aimed to evaluate PTSD and its related factors in nurses caring for COVID‑19 patients.

This study was a descriptive correlational study. Using convenience sampling methods, 395 nurses were enrolled in the study. The study instruments included demographic information, Impact of Event Scale‑Revised (IES‑R), and General Health and Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test, t</em>‑test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis.

The mean (SD) age and work experience of the participants were 33.79 (6.74) years and 9.47 (6.47) years, respectively. Most nurses (86.60%) experienced PTSD. Multiple linear regression results showed general health (R</em>2 = 0.51, p </em>= 0.001), job insecurity (R</em>2 = 0.51, p </em>= 0.042), decision latitude (R</em>2 = 0.51, p </em>= 0.037), and high age (R</em>2 = 0.51, p </em>= 0.049) to be associated with an increase in PTSD, and having high social support (R</em>2 = 0.51, p </em>= 0.043) was associated with a decrease in PTSD in nurses.

Nurses have experienced high levels of PTSD after the fatal outbreak of COVID‑19 disease. Stressful conditions associated with an increased likelihood of this disorder should be identified, and coping skills such as decision latitude (control) and social support should be strengthened to prevent the symptoms of this disorder in nurses.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes COVID‑19, mainly spreads through respiratory droplets. The dental profession is particularly at risk. Routine dental care was suspended after the announcement of the first lockdown in India. This makes the group vulnerable to psychosocial consequences. The present study aims to evaluate the psychosocial issues among dental professionals during COVID‑19 pandemic.

A cross‑sectional study was conducted among 627 dental professionals of India, using online Google Forms from April 23, 2020, through April 30, 2020. Participants were evaluated using self‑constructed and self‑administered personal and professional hardship and fear checklist specifically developed for this study. The 9‑item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‑9) Depression Scale and 7‑item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and PHQ‑15 were used to assess the depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms.

Fear had a remarkable impact on 80.7% of responders. Among the participants, 40.5%, 24.5%, and 30.6% reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms, respectively. Somatic symptoms were significantly associated with gender(P = 0.000). Work setting was significantly associated with depression (P = 0.011) and anxiety symptoms (P = 0.001). Concern, worry, and fear due to COVID‑19 were significantly associated with depression (P = 0.000), anxiety (P = 0.033), and somatic symptoms (P = 0.009). There was a positive correlation between depression and anxiety symptoms (P = 0.01) and between age and somatic symptoms (P = 0.5).

This group reported a high level of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Female dental professionals and private practitioners had more depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Immediate and special intervention is needed for this group. Further exploration into the nature and its effects of the psychological symptoms may be required.

Women with breast cancer may suffer from numerous psychological, physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional problems. If their psychological disorders persist, they may perceive a high level of stress. We conducted the present study to evaluate the effect of positive thinking skills training and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on perceived stress among women with breast cancer in Ahvaz, Iran in 2019.

This was an experimental controlled pretest-posttest study. A sample of 45 women with breast cancer was conveniently selected and randomly allocated to the positive skills training group, ACT group, and the control group. The first and second experimental groups underwent eight sessions (90-minute sessions per week) of positive thinking skills training and ACT, respectively. The research instrument included the Perceived Stress Scale. One-way analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The mean±SD of the post-test scores of perceived stress in the positive thinking skills training group was 17.01±2.32 while it was 22.53±1.45 in the ACT group, which was significantly different from the control group (54.10±4.37). Positive thinking skills training and ACT both reduced the perceived stress in women with breast cancer in the experimental groups compared to that in the control group. Positive thinking skills training had a significantly greater effect than ACT on mitigating perceived stress (p <0.001).

According to the results, positive thinking training and ACT were effective in reducing perceived stress in women with breast cancer. Moreover, positive thinking training was more effective in declining stress in women with breast cancer.

Ongoing exposure to a variety of Pre-hospital Emergencies (PE) has placed Emergency Medi-cal Technicians (EMTs) at serious psychiatric compromise such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Thepresent study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of PTSD among EMTs.

Thisprospective cross-sectional study was conducted on EMTs in the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in west ofIran. A baseline information questionnaire including personal work-related characteristics and the PTSD check-list of DSM-5 (PCL-5) were used for data collection. Non-parametric tests and multivariate linear regression wereused to evaluate the associated factors of PTSD in these participants.

Among the participants, 22% oftechnicians had PTSD-diagnostic criteria. The mean total PCL-5 score was 21.60 ± 11.45, while the scores were38.02 ± 6.08 and 17.47 ± 8.36 in the PTSD-diagnosed and undiagnosed groups, respectively. The most commonsymptom of the clusters was negative alterations in cognition with a mean score of 7.42 ± 4.63. After adjustingconfounders, the number of missions (t= 2.50, P= 0.013), work experience (t= -3.24, P= 0.001) and number ofshifts (t: 26.38, P < 0.001) were significantly corelated with PCL-5 score.

The results indicated thatthe prevalence of PTSD among EMTs personnel of hamadan province is high. EMTs with the age of≤30 years,work experience of≤10 years, married status, informal employment, emergency medical technician’s degree,and more than 8 shifts per month, as well as no previous training history had a higher total PCL-5 score.

Women with high-risk pregnancy are at increased risk of depression and anxiety during pregnancy, as well as a less favorable parent-infant interaction. This study aimed to investigate the effect of midwife-led psycho-education intervention on parental stress, competency, and postpartum depression in nulliparous women hospitalized with high-risk pregnancy.

This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 66 nulliparous women admitted to the high-risk pregnancy ward of Kamali Hospital, Karaj, Iran. Using convenient sampling method, the mothers were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. In addition to routine care, the intervention group received four sessions of midwife-led psycho-education intervention in two group sessions in pregnancy and two individual sessions immediately after delivery. The parental stress, parental competency, and postpartum depression questionnaires were used for data collection before, after, and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software ver. 13.0. Repeated-measures ANOVA test was used for comparing the mean scores of parenting stress, parental competency, and depression between and within both study groups before, after, and one month after delivery.

While postpartum depression and parental stress decreased in intervention group, parental competency increased.

Our findings indicated that midwife-led psycho-education was effective on parental stress, competency, and postpartum depression in high-risk pregnancy mothers. Accordingly, prenatal distress in high-risk pregnancies should be assessed routinely.